Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Plurals"

Latest revision as of 21:03, 27 March 2023

Polish Grammar - Plurals

Hi Polish learners! 😊
In this lesson, you will learn how to form plurals in Polish. The Polish language has seven different cases, and it is important to understand the rules of forming plurals for each case. Let's dive into it!

Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Cases, Gender, Past Tense & Vocative Case.

Basic Rules for Forming Plurals[edit | edit source]

In Polish, most nouns follow a set of basic rules for forming plurals. The endings of the nouns change to reflect the number of items or people being referred to. Here are some examples:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
dziewczyna	dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah	girl(s)
chłopak	hwaw-pahk	boy(s)
książka	kshawn-zh-kah	book(s)
stół	stoow	table(s)
rower	roh-vehrr	bicycle(s)
miasto	myah-staw	city(-ies)
ulica	ool-eet-sah	street(s)

There are different rules for forming plurals for masculine and feminine nouns in Polish. In general, for masculine nouns ending in a consonant, the ending -i is added in the nominative plural. For feminine nouns ending in -a, the -a is replaced with -i in the nominative plural. Nouns ending in -o or -e may change to -a or -y in the nominative plural.

Note that some nouns have irregular plurals and must be learned individually. For example:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
dziecko	dyeh-t's-koh	child(-ren)
koń	kohn	horse(s)
drzewo	d'zheh-voh	tree(s)
zamek	zah-mehk	castle(s)
ręka	rehn-kah	hand(s)

Learning these exceptions takes time and a lot of practice.

Plurals in Different Cases[edit | edit source]

In Polish, each noun has seven different cases. The declension of a noun can affect the way the plural is formed. Here are examples of plural forms in different cases:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
dziewczyna	dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah	Nominative: girl(s)

Polish	Pronunciation	English
dziewczyny	dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nih	Genitive: of girl(s)

Polish	Pronunciation	English
dziewczynom	dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nuhm	Dative: to/for girl(s)

Polish	Pronunciation	English
dziewczyny	dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nih	Accusative: girl(s)

Polish	Pronunciation	English
dziewczynami	dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah-mee	Instrumental: with girl(s)

Polish	Pronunciation	English
o dziewczynach	oh dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nahh	Locative: about girl(s)

Polish	Pronunciation	English
o dziewczynach	oh dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nahh	Vocative: O girl(s)

As you can see, the endings of the nouns change according to the cases in the above examples. Therefore, it is important to memorize the nouns in different cases and practice them.

Special Cases[edit | edit source]

In some cases, the plural in Polish does not follow a regular pattern. Here are some examples:

1. Plurals of foreign words - In the case of nouns that are borrowed from other languages, the plural is often formed by adding -y or -i, depending on the noun.

Polish	Pronunciation	English
hotel	hoh-tehl	hotel(s)
hoteliki	hoh-teh-lee-kee	little hotel(s)
szef	shef	boss(es)
szefowie	sheh-foh-vee-eh	bosses

2. Plurals of shortened words - When a noun is shortened or clipped, its plural can be formed by adding -y, -i or -owie, depending on the noun.

Polish	Pronunciation	English
fura	foo-rah	van(s) [short for furgonetka]
furki	foo-rkee	vans [pl. of furgonetki]
róg	roog	corner(s)
rogi	roh-ghee	corners
student	stoo-dehnt	student(s)
studenci	stoo-dehnt-see	students

Practice Makes Perfect![edit | edit source]

The best way to learn how to form plurals in Polish is to practice, practice, practice! Listen to Polish music, watch movies in Polish, and read Polish texts to become more familiar with how words are changed to express different meanings.

To improve your Polish Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Person 1: Ile penków masz w swoim pokoju? (How many pens do you have in your room?)
Person 2: Mam pięć długopisów i trzy ołówki. (I have five pens and three pencils.)

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 <div class="pg_page_title">Polish Grammar - Plurals</div>
-Welcome to the world of Polish plurals! Learning how to form plurals in Polish is an important part of mastering the language. In this lesson, we'll look at the rules for forming plurals in Polish and how to use them in everyday conversation.
+Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/polish Polish] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, you will learn how to form plurals in Polish. The Polish language has seven different cases, and it is important to understand the rules of forming plurals for each case. Let's dive into it!
 __TOC__
-== Overview ==
-In Polish, nouns can be singular or plural. The plural form of a noun is used when there is more than one of something. For example, if you are talking about two cats, you would use the plural form of the word "cat".
+<span link>Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Cases|Cases]], [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Gender|Gender]], [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]] & [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Vocative-Case|Vocative Case]].</span>
+== Basic Rules for Forming Plurals ==
-In Polish, the plural form of a noun is usually formed by adding a suffix to the end of the word. The suffixes used depend on the gender of the noun.
+In Polish, most nouns follow a set of basic rules for forming plurals. The endings of the nouns change to reflect the number of items or people being referred to. Here are some examples:
-== Masculine Nouns ==
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| dziewczyna || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah || girl(s)
+|-
+| chłopak || hwaw-pahk || boy(s)
+|-
+| książka || kshawn-zh-kah || book(s)
+|-
+| stół || stoow || table(s)
+|-
+| rower || roh-vehrr || bicycle(s)
+|-
+| miasto || myah-staw || city(-ies)
+|-
+| ulica || ool-eet-sah || street(s)
+|}
-Masculine nouns in Polish usually take the suffix "-e" to form the plural. For example, the singular form of the word "cat" is "kot", and the plural form is "koty".
+There are different rules for forming plurals for masculine and feminine nouns in Polish. In general, for masculine nouns ending in a consonant, the ending -i is added in the nominative plural. For feminine nouns ending in -a, the -a is replaced with -i in the nominative plural. Nouns ending in -o or -e may change to -a or -y in the nominative plural.
-There are some exceptions to this rule. For example, the plural form of the word "pies" (dog) is "psy".
+Note that some nouns have irregular plurals and must be learned individually. For example:
-== Feminine Nouns ==
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| dziecko || dyeh-t's-koh || child(-ren)
+|-
+| koń || kohn || horse(s)
+|-
+| drzewo || d'zheh-voh || tree(s)
+|-
+| zamek || zah-mehk || castle(s)
+|-
+| ręka || rehn-kah || hand(s)
+|}
-Feminine nouns in Polish usually take the suffix "-y" to form the plural. For example, the singular form of the word "girl" is "dziewczyna", and the plural form is "dziewczyny".
+Learning these exceptions takes time and a lot of practice.
-There are some exceptions to this rule. For example, the plural form of the word "matka" (mother) is "matki".
+== Plurals in Different Cases ==
-== Neuter Nouns ==
+In Polish, each noun has seven different cases. The declension of a noun can affect the way the plural is formed. Here are examples of plural forms in different cases:
-Neuter nouns in Polish usually take the suffix "-a" to form the plural. For example, the singular form of the word "house" is "dom", and the plural form is "domy".
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| dziewczyna || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah || Nominative: girl(s)
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| dziewczyny || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nih || Genitive: of girl(s)
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| dziewczynom || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nuhm || Dative: to/for girl(s)
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| dziewczyny || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nih || Accusative: girl(s)
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| dziewczynami || dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nah-mee || Instrumental: with girl(s)
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| o dziewczynach || oh dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nahh || Locative: about girl(s)
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| o dziewczynach || oh dyeh-vchooh-zhih-nahh || Vocative: O girl(s)
+|}
-There are some exceptions to this rule. For example, the plural form of the word "okno" (window) is "okna".
+As you can see, the endings of the nouns change according to the cases in the above examples. Therefore, it is important to memorize the nouns in different cases and practice them.
-== Irregular Nouns ==
+== Special Cases ==
-Some nouns in Polish have irregular plural forms. These nouns do not follow the rules outlined above. For example, the plural form of the word "dziecko" (child) is "dzieci".
+In some cases, the plural in Polish does not follow a regular pattern. Here are some examples:
-It is important to learn the irregular plural forms of nouns as they are commonly used in everyday conversation.
+. Plurals of foreign words - In the case of nouns that are borrowed from other languages, the plural is often formed by adding -y or -i, depending on the noun.
-== Conclusion ==
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| hotel || hoh-tehl || hotel(s)
+|-
+| hoteliki || hoh-teh-lee-kee || little hotel(s)
+|-
+| szef || shef || boss(es)
+|-
+| szefowie || sheh-foh-vee-eh || bosses
+|}
-Forming plurals in Polish is not difficult once you understand the rules. With practice, you will soon be able to form plurals with ease.
+. Plurals of shortened words - When a noun is shortened or clipped, its plural can be formed by adding -y, -i or -owie, depending on the noun.
-If you want to practice your Polish grammar, why not join the [https://PolyglotClub.com Polyglot Club] community? You can find other Polish learners to practice with and get feedback from native speakers.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| fura || foo-rah || van(s) [short for furgonetka]
+|-
+| furki || foo-rkee || vans [pl. of furgonetki]
+|-
+| róg || roog || corner(s)
+|-
+| rogi || roh-ghee || corners
+|-
+| student || stoo-dehnt || student(s)
+|-
+| studenci || stoo-dehnt-see || students
+|}
-<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
+== Practice Makes Perfect! ==
+The best way to learn how to form plurals in Polish is to practice, practice, practice! Listen to Polish music, watch movies in Polish, and read Polish texts to become more familiar with how words are changed to express different meanings.
+To improve your [[Language/Polish|Polish]] [[Language/Polish/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=96 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/polish/question questions]!
+== Dialogue ==
+* Person 1: Ile penków masz w swoim pokoju? (How many pens do you have in your room?)
+* Person 2: Mam pięć długopisów i trzy ołówki. (I have five pens and three pencils.)
+* Person 1: Gdzie są twoje książki? (Where are your books?)
+* Person 2: Na półce w pokoju. (On the shelf in the room.)
+<span class='maj'></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Polish/Nouns_-_Number Polish/Nouns - Number - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]
+* [https://mowicpopolsku.com/polish-grammar/cases/nominative/ Polish Cases: The Nominative (mianownik) | Mówić po polsku]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_grammar Polish grammar - Wikipedia]
+{{#seo:
+|title=Polish Grammar - Plurals
+|keywords=Polish, grammar, plurals, rules, cases, examples
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form plurals in Polish. The Polish language has seven different cases, and it is important to understand the rules of forming plurals for each case.
+}}
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 52: / Line 160: @@
 ===Polish for beginners. Lesson 13. Plural nouns - YouTube===
 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSbkWg9iAoY</youtube>
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Perfective-and-imperfective-verbs|Perfective and imperfective verbs]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Polish|Definite Articles in Polish]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/być-to-be|być to be]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Polish|Past Participle in Polish]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/How-to-Use-be|How to Use be]]
 {{Polish-Page-Bottom}}
+<span links></span>

Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Plurals"

Latest revision as of 21:03, 27 March 2023

Contents

Basic Rules for Forming Plurals[edit | edit source]

Plurals in Different Cases[edit | edit source]

Special Cases[edit | edit source]

Practice Makes Perfect![edit | edit source]

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

Polish for beginners. Lesson 13. Plural nouns - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Navigation menu

Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Plurals"

Latest revision as of 21:03, 27 March 2023

Basic Rules for Forming Plurals[edit | edit source]

Plurals in Different Cases[edit | edit source]

Special Cases[edit | edit source]

Practice Makes Perfect![edit | edit source]

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

Polish for beginners. Lesson 13. Plural nouns - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Navigation menu

Search