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{{Sindhi-Page-Top}}
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Sindhi|Sindhi]]  → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Advanced Grammar Concepts → Reported Speech</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Sindhi|Sindhi]]  → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Reported Speech</div>
 
In our journey through the Sindhi language, we've explored various aspects that enrich our understanding and communication. Today, we delve into a fascinating element of grammar: '''Reported Speech'''. This lesson is essential because it allows us to convey what others have said without quoting them directly. Understanding reported speech not only enhances our conversation skills but also helps in comprehending stories, news, and daily interactions more effectively.
 
=== Importance of Reported Speech ===
 
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, plays a crucial role in everyday communication. It enables us to share information, relay conversations, and express thoughts efficiently. In Sindhi, like in English, we can use reported speech to convey messages in a more fluid manner. As we learn to switch from direct quotes to reported forms, we gain flexibility in our speech and writing.
 
=== Structure of This Lesson ===
 
In this lesson, we will cover:
 
* '''Definition and Explanation of Reported Speech'''
 
* '''Changing Direct Speech to Reported Speech'''
 
* '''Use of Reporting Verbs'''
 
* '''Examples of Reported Speech in Sindhi'''
 
* '''Practice Exercises with Solutions'''
 
By the end of this lesson, you will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to use reported speech confidently in Sindhi!
 
__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Definition and Explanation of Reported Speech ===
In this lesson, we will explore the concept of reported speech in Sindhi grammar. Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is used to report or relay information that was previously spoken or written by someone else. This is an important aspect of language as it allows us to convey what others have said, while also adding our own perspective and interpretation. Understanding how to form reported speech sentences in Sindhi will enhance your language skills and enable you to communicate effectively in various situations.  
 
Reported speech is used to convey someone else's words or thoughts without quoting them directly. In Sindhi, this involves some changes in verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions. When transforming direct speech into reported speech, it is essential to maintain the original meaning while adapting the sentence structure.
 
'''Key Changes in Reported Speech:'''
 
* '''Tense Shift:''' Generally, the verb tense shifts back one tense.
 
* '''Pronoun Change:''' Pronouns must be adjusted according to the context.
 
* '''Time Expressions:''' Words that indicate time may need to be modified.
 
=== Changing Direct Speech to Reported Speech ===
 
Let’s explore how to transform direct speech into reported speech in Sindhi. We will start with a few fundamental rules:
 
1. '''Tense Change:'''
 
* Present Simple → Past Simple
 
* Present Continuous → Past Continuous


Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the details of forming reported speech sentences in Sindhi, including changing direct speech to indirect speech and using appropriate reporting verbs. We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring that you grasp the concepts thoroughly. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of reported speech in Sindhi, as well as share interesting cultural facts or anecdotes related to this topic.
* Present Perfect → Past Perfect


To ensure that you have a clear understanding of the lesson content, we have included a series of exercises and practice scenarios for you to apply what you have learned. These exercises will allow you to practice forming reported speech sentences in Sindhi and reinforce your understanding of the grammar concepts. Solutions and explanations will be provided to help you check your answers and learn from any mistakes.
* Past Simple → Past Perfect


By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form reported speech sentences in Sindhi, enabling you to effectively communicate the words and thoughts of others in your conversations and written texts.
2. '''Pronoun Changes:'''


== Understanding Reported Speech ==
* "I" changes to "he/she"
Before we dive into the details of forming reported speech sentences in Sindhi, let's first understand what reported speech is and why it is important in communication. Reported speech, as mentioned earlier, allows us to convey what someone else has said or written. This can be in the form of a direct quotation or paraphrasing.


When using reported speech, we typically change the verb tense, pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and sometimes the word order to reflect the speaker's original words or thoughts. Let's look at an example to understand this concept better:
* "you" changes to "I" or "he/she" based on context


Direct speech: Ali said, "I am going to the market."
* "my" changes to "his/her"


Reported speech: Ali said that he was going to the market.
* "your" changes to "my" or "his/her" based on context


In the above example, we changed the verb "am" to "was" to reflect the past tense in reported speech. We also changed the pronoun "I" to "he" to match the subject of the reported speech. These changes are necessary to accurately represent the speaker's original words in reported speech.
3. '''Time Expressions:'''


Now that we have a basic understanding of reported speech, let's explore the specific grammar concepts involved in forming reported speech sentences in Sindhi.
* "now" becomes "then"


== Changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech ==
* "today" becomes "that day"
To form reported speech sentences in Sindhi, we need to make certain changes to the original direct speech. These changes include adjusting the verb tense, pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and sometimes the word order. Let's go through each of these changes in detail.


=== Verb Tense ===
* "tomorrow" becomes "the next day"
The verb tense in reported speech is often shifted back in time to reflect the speaker's original words. The following table illustrates the changes in verb tense when converting direct speech to indirect speech:
 
* "yesterday" remains "yesterday"
 
Here is a table to illustrate these changes:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Direct Speech !! Indirect Speech
 
! Direct Speech (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! Reported Speech (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
|-
| Present Simple || Past Simple
 
| "مون کي پيار آهي" || "Mun khe pyaar aahe" || "هن چيو ته مون کي پيار آهي" || "Hun chayo ta mun khe pyaar aahe" || "He said that he loves me"
 
|-
|-
| Present Continuous || Past Continuous
 
| "تُو اڄ اسڪول ويندين" || "Tu aaj school windin" || "هن چيو ته تون اڄ اسڪول ويندين" || "Hun chayo ta tun aaj school windin" || "He said that you will go to school today"
 
|-
|-
| Present Perfect || Past Perfect
 
| "هُن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو" || "Hun khe samjhan mein waqt lago" || "هن چيو ته هُن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو" || "Hun chayo ta hun khe samjhan mein waqt lago" || "He said that it took him time to understand"
 
|-
|-
| Past Simple || Past Perfect
 
|-
| "مون کي اوهان سان ملڻ جو شوق آهي" || "Mun khe ohan san milan jo shauq aahe" || "هن چيو ته مون کي اوهان سان ملڻ جو شوق آهي" || "Hun chayo ta mun khe ohan san milan jo shauq aahe" || "He said that he likes to meet you"
| Past Continuous || Past Perfect Continuous
 
|-
| Past Perfect || Past Perfect
|-
| Future Simple || Conditional
|-
| Future Continuous || Conditional Continuous
|-
| Future Perfect || Conditional Perfect
|}
|}


Let's look at some examples:
=== Use of Reporting Verbs ===
 
In Sindhi, we can use various reporting verbs to convey the speaker's attitude. Here are some common reporting verbs and their usage:


Direct speech: "I am studying Sindhi."
* '''چيو (Chayo)''' - said


Indirect speech: He said that he was studying Sindhi.
* '''پوڇيو (Pochayo)''' - asked


In this example, we changed the verb "am" to "was" to reflect the past tense in indirect speech.
* '''بتايو (Batayo)''' - told


Direct speech: "She will visit her grandparents."
* '''سمجهايو (Samjhayo)''' - explained


Indirect speech: She said that she would visit her grandparents.
* '''سفارش ڪيو (Sifarish Kayo)''' - suggested


Here, we changed the verb "will" to "would" to indicate a conditional future tense in indirect speech.
Using these verbs can provide additional context about how the message was delivered. For example:


=== Pronouns ===
* '''چيو (Chayo):''' "هن چيو ته هو خوش آهي" (He said that he is happy).
Pronouns in reported speech are often changed to reflect the subject of the reported speech. The following table illustrates the changes in pronouns when converting direct speech to indirect speech:
 
* '''پوڇيو (Pochayo):''' "هن پوڇيو ته ڇا توهان آيا آهيو؟" (He asked if you came).
 
* '''بتايو (Batayo):''' "هن ٻڌايو ته ان کي مسئلو آهي" (He told that he has a problem).
 
Here’s a table showcasing different reporting verbs:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Direct Speech !! Indirect Speech
 
! Reporting Verb (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
|-
| I || He/She/They
 
| چيو || Chayo || said
 
|-
|-
| We || They
 
| پوڇيو || Pochayo || asked
 
|-
|-
| You || He/She/They
 
| ٻڌايو || Batayo || told
 
|-
|-
| He/She/It || He/She/It/They
 
| سمجهايو || Samjhayo || explained
 
|-
|-
| They || They
 
| سفارش ڪيو || Sifarish Kayo || suggested
 
|}
|}


Let's look at some examples:
=== Examples of Reported Speech in Sindhi ===


Direct speech: "I love Sindhi culture."
Now that we have a grasp of the rules, let’s see some more examples of converting direct speech into reported speech:


Indirect speech: He said that he loved Sindhi culture.
{| class="wikitable"


In this example, we changed the pronoun "I" to "he" to match the subject of the reported speech.
! Direct Speech (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! Reported Speech (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! English Translation


Direct speech: "We are going to the cinema."
|-


Indirect speech: They said that they were going to the cinema.
| "مون کي وڻندو آهي" || "Mun khe vandiddo aahe" || "هن چيو ته مون کي وڻندو آهي" || "Hun chayo ta mun khe vandiddo aahe" || "He said that he likes it"


Here, we changed the pronoun "we" to "they" to reflect the subject of the reported speech.
|-


=== Adverbs of Time and Place ===
| "تُو سکڻ ۾ مصروف آهين" || "Tu sikhan mein masroof aahin" || "هن چيو ته تون سکڻ ۾ مصروف آهين" || "Hun chayo ta tun sikhan mein masroof aahin" || "He said that you are busy learning"
Adverbs of time and place in reported speech are often changed to reflect the context of the reported speech. The following table illustrates the changes in adverbs of time and place when converting direct speech to indirect speech:


{| class="wikitable"
! Direct Speech !! Indirect Speech
|-
|-
| Today || That day
 
| "اهي خوش آهن" || "Ahi khush aahin" || "هن چيو ته اهي خوش آهن" || "Hun chayo ta ahi khush aahin" || "He said that they are happy"
 
|-
|-
| Yesterday || The previous day
 
| "مون کي اڄ موڪل آهي" || "Mun khe aaj mokal aahe" || "هن چيو ته مون کي اڄ موڪل آهي" || "Hun chayo ta mun khe aaj mokal aahe" || "He said that I have a holiday today"
 
|-
|-
| Tomorrow || The next day
 
|-
| "هُن کي نئون ڪتاب مليو" || "Hun khe nayo kitaab milo" || "هن چيو ته هُن کي نئون ڪتاب مليو" || "Hun chayo ta hun khe nayo kitaab milo" || "He said that he got a new book"
| Here || There
 
|-
| This || That
|-
| These || Those
|}
|}


Let's look at some examples:
As we can see, transforming direct speech to reported speech in Sindhi involves altering pronouns, verbs, and sometimes the time expressions.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===


Direct speech: "I will do it tomorrow."
Now that you have understood the concept of reported speech, it’s time to practice! Below are some exercises designed to help you apply what you have learned.


Indirect speech: He said that he would do it the next day.
==== Exercise 1: Convert Direct Speech to Reported Speech ====


In this example, we changed the adverb of time "tomorrow" to "the next day" to reflect the context of the reported speech.
Transform the following sentences from direct to reported speech.


Direct speech: "She lives here."
1. "مون کي خوشي محسوس ٿي رهي آهي."


Indirect speech: She said that she lived there.
2. "تُو اڄ رات آئيندو."


Here, we changed the adverb of place "here" to "there" to match the reported speech.
3. "هن چيو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."


=== Word Order ===
4. "مون کي پڙهڻ پسند آهي."
In reported speech, the word order of the reported speech can sometimes change. This usually occurs when we use question words (who, what, where, when, why, how) in reported questions. The following table illustrates the changes in word order when converting direct speech to indirect speech:


{| class="wikitable"
5. "تُو هميشه وقت تي اچين ٿو."
! Direct Speech !! Indirect Speech
 
|-
'''Solutions:'''
| "Where are you going?" || He asked where I was going.
 
|-
1. "هن چيو ته مون کي خوشي محسوس ٿي رهي آهي."
| "What is your name?" || She asked what my name was.
 
|}
2. "هن چيو ته تون اڄ رات آئيندو."
 
3. "هن چيو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."
 
4. "هن چيو ته مون کي پڙهڻ پسند آهي."
 
5. "هن چيو ته تون هميشه وقت تي اچين ٿو."
 
==== Exercise 2: Identify the Reporting Verb ====
 
Read the following sentences and identify the reporting verb used.
 
1. "هن چيو ته هو اسڪول وڃي رهيو آهي."
 
2. "هن پڇيو ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟"
 
3. "هن ٻڌايو ته ان کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي."
 
4. "هن سفارش ڪيو ته توهان کي مشق ڪرڻ گهرجي."
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. چيو (Chayo)
 
2. پوڇيو (Pochayo)


Let's look at some examples:
3. ٻڌايو (Batayo)


Direct speech: "Where are you going?"
4. سفارش ڪيو (Sifarish Kayo)


Indirect speech: He asked where I was going.
==== Exercise 3: Change Pronouns ====


In this example, we changed the word order of the reported question to "He asked where I was going."
Change the pronouns in the following sentences to fit the context of reported speech.


Direct speech: "What is your name?"
1. "مون کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو."


Indirect speech: She asked what my name was.
2. "تُو ڪهڙو ڪتاب پڙهندين؟"


Here, we changed the word order of the reported question to "She asked what my name was."
3. "اسان کي سٺو تجربو مليو."


These are the main changes involved in converting direct speech to indirect speech in Sindhi. Practice using these changes in various examples to solidify your understanding.
4. "تُو اڄ رات پارٽي ۾ اچيندو؟"


== Using Reporting Verbs ==
'''Solutions:'''
Reporting verbs play an important role in reported speech sentences. These verbs indicate that the words being reported were spoken or written by someone else. In Sindhi, there are several reporting verbs that can be used, depending on the context and the relationship between the speaker and the reported speech. Some common reporting verbs in Sindhi include:


* گھرڻ ڪرڻ (gharṇa karṇa) - to say
1. "هن چيو ته هن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو."
* جيڪڏهن (jikḏhahn) - to tell
* سوچيڻ (sočhiṇa) - to think
* سمجهڻ (samjhaṇa) - to understand
* حقيقت ٿينھن (haqīqat ṭhīnhn) - to realize
* ڀڃڻ (bhaḍhṇa) - to mention
* ڪرڻ (karṇa) - to do


These reporting verbs are used to introduce the reported speech and provide context for the listener or reader. It is important to choose the appropriate reporting verb based on the intended meaning and tone of the reported speech.
2. "هن چيو ته تون ڪهڙو ڪتاب پڙهندين؟"


Let's look at some examples:
3. "هن چيو ته اسان کي سٺو تجربو مليو."


Direct speech: "I will come tomorrow," he said.
4. "هن چيو ته تون اڄ رات پارٽي ۾ اچيندو؟"


Indirect speech: He said that he would come tomorrow.
==== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ====


In this example, we used the reporting verb "said" to introduce the reported speech.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of reported speech:


Direct speech: "Please help me," she begged.
1. "تُو ____ (چيو) ته مون کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي."


Indirect speech: She begged for help.
2. "هن ____ (پوڇيو) ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟"


Here, we used the reporting verb "begged" to indicate the speaker's plea for help.
3. "مون ____ (بتايو) ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."


Practice using different reporting verbs in reported speech sentences to enhance your language skills and develop a better understanding of their usage.
'''Solutions:'''


== Regional Variations and Cultural Significance ==
1. "تُو چيو ته مون کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي."
Sindhi, being a regional language, may have some variations in the usage or understanding of reported speech. These variations can be influenced by dialects, cultural practices, and historical reasons. Let's explore some of these regional variations and cultural significance related to reported speech in Sindhi.


In certain regions of Sindh, the usage of reported speech may differ slightly from the standard Sindhi language. This can be attributed to the influence of local dialects and cultural practices. For example, in rural areas of Sindh, people may rely more on direct speech rather than reported speech, as the cultural norms emphasize direct communication. This can be seen in informal conversations and storytelling, where direct speech is used to convey the speaker's exact words and emotions. However, in formal settings and written texts, reported speech in Sindhi follows the standard grammar rules and conventions.
2. "هن پوڇيو ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟"


Another cultural aspect related to reported speech in Sindhi is the use of honorifics and respectful language. Sindhi culture places great importance on showing respect and deference towards elders, authority figures, and guests. When reporting the speech of someone who is considered superior or older, it is customary to use respectful language and honorifics to convey the speaker's status and show proper etiquette. This cultural practice adds an additional layer of complexity to the formation of reported speech sentences in Sindhi.
3. "مون ٻڌايو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."


Historically, Sindhi language and culture have been influenced by various invasions, migrations, and trade routes. These historical factors have contributed to the richness and diversity of Sindhi language and its grammar. The concept of reported speech has evolved over time, incorporating influences from neighboring languages and cultures. This historical context adds depth and significance to the study of reported speech in Sindhi, highlighting its cultural and linguistic importance.
==== Exercise 5: Practice Writing ====


Now that we have explored some regional variations and cultural significance related to reported speech in Sindhi, let's move on to the practical application of these grammar concepts.
Write five sentences in reported speech based on the following prompts:


== Exercises ==
1. "I am going to the market."
To reinforce your understanding of forming reported speech sentences in Sindhi, let's practice with some exercises. Complete the following exercises by converting the given direct speech into indirect speech. Solutions and explanations will be provided at the end for you to check your answers.


Exercise 1: Convert the following direct speech sentences into indirect speech.
2. "You should study for the exam."
1. "I am reading a book," he said.
2. "We will go to the park," she said.
3. "Did you see the movie?" he asked.
4. "I have already finished my homework," she said.
5. "They were playing football," he said.


Exercise 2: Convert the following direct speech sentences into indirect speech.
3. "They are planning a trip."
1. "Where is the nearest hospital?" she asked.
2. "What time does the train leave?" he asked.
3. "Why did you miss the meeting?" she asked.
4. "How long have you been studying Sindhi?" he asked.
5. "Who is the new teacher?" she asked.


Exercise 3: Convert the following direct speech sentences into indirect speech.
4. "She loves to dance."
1. "I love Sindhi cuisine," he said.
2. "We are going to visit the historical site," she said.
3. "She will attend the wedding ceremony," he said.
4. "They have bought a new car," she said.
5. "He was reading a Sindhi poem," she said.


Take your time to complete these exercises and refer back to the grammar concepts discussed earlier. Once you have finished, you can check your answers and explanations provided below.
5. "We will visit you tomorrow."


== Solutions ==
'''Solutions:'''
Exercise 1:
1. He said that he was reading a book.
2. She said that they would go to the park.
3. He asked if I had seen the movie.
4. She said that she had already finished her homework.
5. He said that they had been playing football.


Exercise 2:
1. "He said that he is going to the market."
1. She asked where the nearest hospital was.
2. He asked what time the train left.
3. She asked why I had missed the meeting.
4. He asked how long I had been studying Sindhi.
5. She asked who the new teacher was.


Exercise 3:
2. "He said that you should study for the exam."
1. He said that he loved Sindhi cuisine.
2. She said that they were going to visit the historical site.
3. He said that she would attend the wedding ceremony.
4. She said that they had bought a new car.
5. She said that he was reading a Sindhi poem.


== Conclusion ==
3. "He said that they are planning a trip."
In this lesson, we have explored the concept of reported speech in Sindhi grammar. We discussed the changes involved in converting direct speech to indirect speech, including adjustments in verb tense, pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and word order. We also learned about the importance of using appropriate reporting verbs to introduce reported speech.


Throughout the lesson, we delved into the regional variations and cultural significance related to reported speech in Sindhi, highlighting the influence of dialects, cultural practices, and historical factors. We also provided exercises for you to practice forming reported speech sentences in Sindhi and reinforced your understanding of the grammar concepts.
4. "He said that she loves to dance."


By mastering reported speech in Sindhi, you will be able to effectively convey the words and thoughts of others in your conversations and written texts. This will enhance your language skills and enable you to communicate more accurately and confidently in various situations.
5. "He said that we will visit you the next day."


Keep practicing and exploring the rich world of Sindhi grammar, and soon you will become a fluent speaker of this beautiful language.
As we conclude this lesson on reported speech, I hope you feel more confident in your ability to convey others' words in Sindhi. Remember, practice is key, so continue to use these structures in your conversations and writing.  


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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 11:15, 2 August 2024

◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson

Sindhi-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Sindhi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Reported Speech

In our journey through the Sindhi language, we've explored various aspects that enrich our understanding and communication. Today, we delve into a fascinating element of grammar: Reported Speech. This lesson is essential because it allows us to convey what others have said without quoting them directly. Understanding reported speech not only enhances our conversation skills but also helps in comprehending stories, news, and daily interactions more effectively.

Importance of Reported Speech[edit | edit source]

Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, plays a crucial role in everyday communication. It enables us to share information, relay conversations, and express thoughts efficiently. In Sindhi, like in English, we can use reported speech to convey messages in a more fluid manner. As we learn to switch from direct quotes to reported forms, we gain flexibility in our speech and writing.

Structure of This Lesson[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will cover:

  • Definition and Explanation of Reported Speech
  • Changing Direct Speech to Reported Speech
  • Use of Reporting Verbs
  • Examples of Reported Speech in Sindhi
  • Practice Exercises with Solutions

By the end of this lesson, you will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to use reported speech confidently in Sindhi!

Definition and Explanation of Reported Speech[edit | edit source]

Reported speech is used to convey someone else's words or thoughts without quoting them directly. In Sindhi, this involves some changes in verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions. When transforming direct speech into reported speech, it is essential to maintain the original meaning while adapting the sentence structure.

Key Changes in Reported Speech:

  • Tense Shift: Generally, the verb tense shifts back one tense.
  • Pronoun Change: Pronouns must be adjusted according to the context.
  • Time Expressions: Words that indicate time may need to be modified.

Changing Direct Speech to Reported Speech[edit | edit source]

Let’s explore how to transform direct speech into reported speech in Sindhi. We will start with a few fundamental rules:

1. Tense Change:

  • Present Simple → Past Simple
  • Present Continuous → Past Continuous
  • Present Perfect → Past Perfect
  • Past Simple → Past Perfect

2. Pronoun Changes:

  • "I" changes to "he/she"
  • "you" changes to "I" or "he/she" based on context
  • "my" changes to "his/her"
  • "your" changes to "my" or "his/her" based on context

3. Time Expressions:

  • "now" becomes "then"
  • "today" becomes "that day"
  • "tomorrow" becomes "the next day"
  • "yesterday" remains "yesterday"

Here is a table to illustrate these changes:

Direct Speech (Sindhi) Pronunciation Reported Speech (Sindhi) Pronunciation English Translation
"مون کي پيار آهي" "Mun khe pyaar aahe" "هن چيو ته مون کي پيار آهي" "Hun chayo ta mun khe pyaar aahe" "He said that he loves me"
"تُو اڄ اسڪول ويندين" "Tu aaj school windin" "هن چيو ته تون اڄ اسڪول ويندين" "Hun chayo ta tun aaj school windin" "He said that you will go to school today"
"هُن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو" "Hun khe samjhan mein waqt lago" "هن چيو ته هُن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو" "Hun chayo ta hun khe samjhan mein waqt lago" "He said that it took him time to understand"
"مون کي اوهان سان ملڻ جو شوق آهي" "Mun khe ohan san milan jo shauq aahe" "هن چيو ته مون کي اوهان سان ملڻ جو شوق آهي" "Hun chayo ta mun khe ohan san milan jo shauq aahe" "He said that he likes to meet you"

Use of Reporting Verbs[edit | edit source]

In Sindhi, we can use various reporting verbs to convey the speaker's attitude. Here are some common reporting verbs and their usage:

  • چيو (Chayo) - said
  • پوڇيو (Pochayo) - asked
  • بتايو (Batayo) - told
  • سمجهايو (Samjhayo) - explained
  • سفارش ڪيو (Sifarish Kayo) - suggested

Using these verbs can provide additional context about how the message was delivered. For example:

  • چيو (Chayo): "هن چيو ته هو خوش آهي" (He said that he is happy).
  • پوڇيو (Pochayo): "هن پوڇيو ته ڇا توهان آيا آهيو؟" (He asked if you came).
  • بتايو (Batayo): "هن ٻڌايو ته ان کي مسئلو آهي" (He told that he has a problem).

Here’s a table showcasing different reporting verbs:

Reporting Verb (Sindhi) Pronunciation English Translation
چيو Chayo said
پوڇيو Pochayo asked
ٻڌايو Batayo told
سمجهايو Samjhayo explained
سفارش ڪيو Sifarish Kayo suggested

Examples of Reported Speech in Sindhi[edit | edit source]

Now that we have a grasp of the rules, let’s see some more examples of converting direct speech into reported speech:

Direct Speech (Sindhi) Pronunciation Reported Speech (Sindhi) Pronunciation English Translation
"مون کي وڻندو آهي" "Mun khe vandiddo aahe" "هن چيو ته مون کي وڻندو آهي" "Hun chayo ta mun khe vandiddo aahe" "He said that he likes it"
"تُو سکڻ ۾ مصروف آهين" "Tu sikhan mein masroof aahin" "هن چيو ته تون سکڻ ۾ مصروف آهين" "Hun chayo ta tun sikhan mein masroof aahin" "He said that you are busy learning"
"اهي خوش آهن" "Ahi khush aahin" "هن چيو ته اهي خوش آهن" "Hun chayo ta ahi khush aahin" "He said that they are happy"
"مون کي اڄ موڪل آهي" "Mun khe aaj mokal aahe" "هن چيو ته مون کي اڄ موڪل آهي" "Hun chayo ta mun khe aaj mokal aahe" "He said that I have a holiday today"
"هُن کي نئون ڪتاب مليو" "Hun khe nayo kitaab milo" "هن چيو ته هُن کي نئون ڪتاب مليو" "Hun chayo ta hun khe nayo kitaab milo" "He said that he got a new book"

As we can see, transforming direct speech to reported speech in Sindhi involves altering pronouns, verbs, and sometimes the time expressions.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have understood the concept of reported speech, it’s time to practice! Below are some exercises designed to help you apply what you have learned.

Exercise 1: Convert Direct Speech to Reported Speech[edit | edit source]

Transform the following sentences from direct to reported speech.

1. "مون کي خوشي محسوس ٿي رهي آهي."

2. "تُو اڄ رات آئيندو."

3. "هن چيو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."

4. "مون کي پڙهڻ پسند آهي."

5. "تُو هميشه وقت تي اچين ٿو."

Solutions:

1. "هن چيو ته مون کي خوشي محسوس ٿي رهي آهي."

2. "هن چيو ته تون اڄ رات آئيندو."

3. "هن چيو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."

4. "هن چيو ته مون کي پڙهڻ پسند آهي."

5. "هن چيو ته تون هميشه وقت تي اچين ٿو."

Exercise 2: Identify the Reporting Verb[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify the reporting verb used.

1. "هن چيو ته هو اسڪول وڃي رهيو آهي."

2. "هن پڇيو ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟"

3. "هن ٻڌايو ته ان کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي."

4. "هن سفارش ڪيو ته توهان کي مشق ڪرڻ گهرجي."

Solutions:

1. چيو (Chayo)

2. پوڇيو (Pochayo)

3. ٻڌايو (Batayo)

4. سفارش ڪيو (Sifarish Kayo)

Exercise 3: Change Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Change the pronouns in the following sentences to fit the context of reported speech.

1. "مون کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو."

2. "تُو ڪهڙو ڪتاب پڙهندين؟"

3. "اسان کي سٺو تجربو مليو."

4. "تُو اڄ رات پارٽي ۾ اچيندو؟"

Solutions:

1. "هن چيو ته هن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو."

2. "هن چيو ته تون ڪهڙو ڪتاب پڙهندين؟"

3. "هن چيو ته اسان کي سٺو تجربو مليو."

4. "هن چيو ته تون اڄ رات پارٽي ۾ اچيندو؟"

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of reported speech:

1. "تُو ____ (چيو) ته مون کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي."

2. "هن ____ (پوڇيو) ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟"

3. "مون ____ (بتايو) ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."

Solutions:

1. "تُو چيو ته مون کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي."

2. "هن پوڇيو ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟"

3. "مون ٻڌايو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."

Exercise 5: Practice Writing[edit | edit source]

Write five sentences in reported speech based on the following prompts:

1. "I am going to the market."

2. "You should study for the exam."

3. "They are planning a trip."

4. "She loves to dance."

5. "We will visit you tomorrow."

Solutions:

1. "He said that he is going to the market."

2. "He said that you should study for the exam."

3. "He said that they are planning a trip."

4. "He said that she loves to dance."

5. "He said that we will visit you the next day."

As we conclude this lesson on reported speech, I hope you feel more confident in your ability to convey others' words in Sindhi. Remember, practice is key, so continue to use these structures in your conversations and writing.

Table of Contents - Sindhi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Sindhi Script


Everyday Vocabulary


Basic Grammar Concepts


Everyday Situations


More Grammar Concepts


Culture and Traditions


Advanced Grammar Concepts

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson

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