Difference between revisions of "Language/Sindhi/Grammar/Reported-Speech"
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Sindhi|Sindhi]] → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Reported Speech</div> | |||
In our journey through the Sindhi language, we've explored various aspects that enrich our understanding and communication. Today, we delve into a fascinating element of grammar: '''Reported Speech'''. This lesson is essential because it allows us to convey what others have said without quoting them directly. Understanding reported speech not only enhances our conversation skills but also helps in comprehending stories, news, and daily interactions more effectively. | |||
=== Importance of Reported Speech === | |||
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, plays a crucial role in everyday communication. It enables us to share information, relay conversations, and express thoughts efficiently. In Sindhi, like in English, we can use reported speech to convey messages in a more fluid manner. As we learn to switch from direct quotes to reported forms, we gain flexibility in our speech and writing. | |||
=== Structure of This Lesson === | |||
In this lesson, we will cover: | |||
* '''Definition and Explanation of Reported Speech''' | |||
* '''Changing Direct Speech to Reported Speech''' | |||
* '''Use of Reporting Verbs''' | |||
* '''Examples of Reported Speech in Sindhi''' | |||
* '''Practice Exercises with Solutions''' | |||
By the end of this lesson, you will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to use reported speech confidently in Sindhi! | |||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
== | === Definition and Explanation of Reported Speech === | ||
Reported speech is used to convey someone else's words or thoughts without quoting them directly. In Sindhi, this involves some changes in verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions. When transforming direct speech into reported speech, it is essential to maintain the original meaning while adapting the sentence structure. | |||
'''Key Changes in Reported Speech:''' | |||
* '''Tense Shift:''' Generally, the verb tense shifts back one tense. | |||
* '''Pronoun Change:''' Pronouns must be adjusted according to the context. | |||
* '''Time Expressions:''' Words that indicate time may need to be modified. | |||
=== Changing Direct Speech to Reported Speech === | |||
Let’s explore how to transform direct speech into reported speech in Sindhi. We will start with a few fundamental rules: | |||
1. '''Tense Change:''' | |||
* Present Simple → Past Simple | |||
* Present Continuous → Past Continuous | |||
* Present Perfect → Past Perfect | |||
* Past Simple → Past Perfect | |||
2. '''Pronoun Changes:''' | |||
* "I" changes to "he/she" | |||
* "you" changes to "I" or "he/she" based on context | |||
* "my" changes to "his/her" | |||
* "your" changes to "my" or "his/her" based on context | |||
3. '''Time Expressions:''' | |||
* "now" becomes "then" | |||
* "today" becomes "that day" | |||
* "tomorrow" becomes "the next day" | |||
* "yesterday" remains "yesterday" | |||
Here is a table to illustrate these changes: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Direct Speech (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! Reported Speech (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! English Translation | |||
|- | |||
| "مون کي پيار آهي" || "Mun khe pyaar aahe" || "هن چيو ته مون کي پيار آهي" || "Hun chayo ta mun khe pyaar aahe" || "He said that he loves me" | |||
|- | |||
| "تُو اڄ اسڪول ويندين" || "Tu aaj school windin" || "هن چيو ته تون اڄ اسڪول ويندين" || "Hun chayo ta tun aaj school windin" || "He said that you will go to school today" | |||
|- | |||
| "هُن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو" || "Hun khe samjhan mein waqt lago" || "هن چيو ته هُن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو" || "Hun chayo ta hun khe samjhan mein waqt lago" || "He said that it took him time to understand" | |||
|- | |||
| "مون کي اوهان سان ملڻ جو شوق آهي" || "Mun khe ohan san milan jo shauq aahe" || "هن چيو ته مون کي اوهان سان ملڻ جو شوق آهي" || "Hun chayo ta mun khe ohan san milan jo shauq aahe" || "He said that he likes to meet you" | |||
|} | |||
=== Use of Reporting Verbs === | |||
In Sindhi, we can use various reporting verbs to convey the speaker's attitude. Here are some common reporting verbs and their usage: | |||
* '''چيو (Chayo)''' - said | |||
* '''پوڇيو (Pochayo)''' - asked | |||
* '''بتايو (Batayo)''' - told | |||
* '''سمجهايو (Samjhayo)''' - explained | |||
* '''سفارش ڪيو (Sifarish Kayo)''' - suggested | |||
Using these verbs can provide additional context about how the message was delivered. For example: | |||
* '''چيو (Chayo):''' "هن چيو ته هو خوش آهي" (He said that he is happy). | |||
* '''پوڇيو (Pochayo):''' "هن پوڇيو ته ڇا توهان آيا آهيو؟" (He asked if you came). | |||
* '''بتايو (Batayo):''' "هن ٻڌايو ته ان کي مسئلو آهي" (He told that he has a problem). | |||
Here’s a table showcasing different reporting verbs: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Reporting Verb (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! English Translation | |||
|- | |||
| چيو || Chayo || said | |||
|- | |||
| پوڇيو || Pochayo || asked | |||
|- | |||
| ٻڌايو || Batayo || told | |||
|- | |||
| سمجهايو || Samjhayo || explained | |||
|- | |||
| سفارش ڪيو || Sifarish Kayo || suggested | |||
|} | |||
=== Examples of Reported Speech in Sindhi === | |||
Now that we have a grasp of the rules, let’s see some more examples of converting direct speech into reported speech: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Direct Speech (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! Reported Speech (Sindhi) !! Pronunciation !! English Translation | |||
|- | |||
| "مون کي وڻندو آهي" || "Mun khe vandiddo aahe" || "هن چيو ته مون کي وڻندو آهي" || "Hun chayo ta mun khe vandiddo aahe" || "He said that he likes it" | |||
|- | |||
| "تُو سکڻ ۾ مصروف آهين" || "Tu sikhan mein masroof aahin" || "هن چيو ته تون سکڻ ۾ مصروف آهين" || "Hun chayo ta tun sikhan mein masroof aahin" || "He said that you are busy learning" | |||
|- | |||
| "اهي خوش آهن" || "Ahi khush aahin" || "هن چيو ته اهي خوش آهن" || "Hun chayo ta ahi khush aahin" || "He said that they are happy" | |||
|- | |||
| "مون کي اڄ موڪل آهي" || "Mun khe aaj mokal aahe" || "هن چيو ته مون کي اڄ موڪل آهي" || "Hun chayo ta mun khe aaj mokal aahe" || "He said that I have a holiday today" | |||
|- | |||
| "هُن کي نئون ڪتاب مليو" || "Hun khe nayo kitaab milo" || "هن چيو ته هُن کي نئون ڪتاب مليو" || "Hun chayo ta hun khe nayo kitaab milo" || "He said that he got a new book" | |||
|} | |||
As we can see, transforming direct speech to reported speech in Sindhi involves altering pronouns, verbs, and sometimes the time expressions. | |||
=== Practice Exercises === | |||
Now that you have understood the concept of reported speech, it’s time to practice! Below are some exercises designed to help you apply what you have learned. | |||
==== Exercise 1: Convert Direct Speech to Reported Speech ==== | |||
Transform the following sentences from direct to reported speech. | |||
1. "مون کي خوشي محسوس ٿي رهي آهي." | |||
2. "تُو اڄ رات آئيندو." | |||
3. "هن چيو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي." | |||
4. "مون کي پڙهڻ پسند آهي." | |||
5. "تُو هميشه وقت تي اچين ٿو." | |||
'''Solutions:''' | |||
1. "هن چيو ته مون کي خوشي محسوس ٿي رهي آهي." | |||
2. "هن چيو ته تون اڄ رات آئيندو." | |||
3. "هن چيو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي." | |||
4. "هن چيو ته مون کي پڙهڻ پسند آهي." | |||
5. "هن چيو ته تون هميشه وقت تي اچين ٿو." | |||
==== Exercise 2: Identify the Reporting Verb ==== | |||
Read the following sentences and identify the reporting verb used. | |||
1. "هن چيو ته هو اسڪول وڃي رهيو آهي." | |||
2. "هن پڇيو ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟" | |||
3. "هن ٻڌايو ته ان کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي." | |||
4. "هن سفارش ڪيو ته توهان کي مشق ڪرڻ گهرجي." | |||
'''Solutions:''' | |||
1. چيو (Chayo) | |||
2. پوڇيو (Pochayo) | |||
3. ٻڌايو (Batayo) | |||
4. سفارش ڪيو (Sifarish Kayo) | |||
==== Exercise 3: Change Pronouns ==== | |||
Change the pronouns in the following sentences to fit the context of reported speech. | |||
1. "مون کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو." | |||
2. "تُو ڪهڙو ڪتاب پڙهندين؟" | |||
3. "اسان کي سٺو تجربو مليو." | |||
4. "تُو اڄ رات پارٽي ۾ اچيندو؟" | |||
'''Solutions:''' | |||
1. "هن چيو ته هن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو." | |||
2. "هن چيو ته تون ڪهڙو ڪتاب پڙهندين؟" | |||
3. "هن چيو ته اسان کي سٺو تجربو مليو." | |||
4. "هن چيو ته تون اڄ رات پارٽي ۾ اچيندو؟" | |||
==== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ==== | |||
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of reported speech: | |||
1. "تُو ____ (چيو) ته مون کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي." | |||
2. "هن ____ (پوڇيو) ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟" | |||
3. "مون ____ (بتايو) ته ان کي مدد گهرجي." | |||
'''Solutions:''' | |||
1. "تُو چيو ته مون کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي." | |||
2. "هن پوڇيو ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟" | |||
3. "مون ٻڌايو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي." | |||
==== Exercise 5: Practice Writing ==== | |||
Write five sentences in reported speech based on the following prompts: | |||
1. "I am going to the market." | |||
2. "You should study for the exam." | |||
3. "They are planning a trip." | |||
4. "She loves to dance." | |||
5. "We will visit you tomorrow." | |||
'''Solutions:''' | |||
1. "He said that he is going to the market." | |||
2. "He said that you should study for the exam." | |||
3. "He said that they are planning a trip." | |||
4. "He said that she loves to dance." | |||
5. "He said that we will visit you the next day." | |||
As we conclude this lesson on reported speech, I hope you feel more confident in your ability to convey others' words in Sindhi. Remember, practice is key, so continue to use these structures in your conversations and writing. | |||
{{#seo: | {{#seo: | ||
|title=Sindhi Grammar - Reported Speech | |||
|keywords=Sindhi grammar, reported speech, indirect speech, Sindhi language learning, language exercises | |||
{{Sindhi-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}} | |description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form reported speech sentences in Sindhi, including changing direct speech to indirect speech and using reporting verbs. | ||
}} | |||
{{Template:Sindhi-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}} | |||
[[Category:Course]] | [[Category:Course]] | ||
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[[Category:Sindhi-0-to-A1-Course]] | [[Category:Sindhi-0-to-A1-Course]] | ||
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt- | <span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span> | ||
==Sources== | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language Sindhi language - Wikipedia] | |||
* [https://www.forgottenbooks.com/pt/download/GrammaroftheSindhiLanguage_10853249.pdf Grammar of the Sindhi Language] | |||
* [https://basitmpathanblog.wordpress.com/sindhi-grammar/ SINDHI GRAMMAR سنڌي گرامر | BASIT PATHAN] | |||
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* [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] | * [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] | ||
* [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] | * [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] | ||
{{Sindhi-Page-Bottom}} | {{Sindhi-Page-Bottom}} | ||
<span pgnav> | |||
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav" | |||
|[[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/Relative-Clauses|◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson]] | |||
|} | |||
</span> |
Latest revision as of 11:15, 2 August 2024
◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson |
In our journey through the Sindhi language, we've explored various aspects that enrich our understanding and communication. Today, we delve into a fascinating element of grammar: Reported Speech. This lesson is essential because it allows us to convey what others have said without quoting them directly. Understanding reported speech not only enhances our conversation skills but also helps in comprehending stories, news, and daily interactions more effectively.
Importance of Reported Speech[edit | edit source]
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, plays a crucial role in everyday communication. It enables us to share information, relay conversations, and express thoughts efficiently. In Sindhi, like in English, we can use reported speech to convey messages in a more fluid manner. As we learn to switch from direct quotes to reported forms, we gain flexibility in our speech and writing.
Structure of This Lesson[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, we will cover:
- Definition and Explanation of Reported Speech
- Changing Direct Speech to Reported Speech
- Use of Reporting Verbs
- Examples of Reported Speech in Sindhi
- Practice Exercises with Solutions
By the end of this lesson, you will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to use reported speech confidently in Sindhi!
Definition and Explanation of Reported Speech[edit | edit source]
Reported speech is used to convey someone else's words or thoughts without quoting them directly. In Sindhi, this involves some changes in verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions. When transforming direct speech into reported speech, it is essential to maintain the original meaning while adapting the sentence structure.
Key Changes in Reported Speech:
- Tense Shift: Generally, the verb tense shifts back one tense.
- Pronoun Change: Pronouns must be adjusted according to the context.
- Time Expressions: Words that indicate time may need to be modified.
Changing Direct Speech to Reported Speech[edit | edit source]
Let’s explore how to transform direct speech into reported speech in Sindhi. We will start with a few fundamental rules:
1. Tense Change:
- Present Simple → Past Simple
- Present Continuous → Past Continuous
- Present Perfect → Past Perfect
- Past Simple → Past Perfect
2. Pronoun Changes:
- "I" changes to "he/she"
- "you" changes to "I" or "he/she" based on context
- "my" changes to "his/her"
- "your" changes to "my" or "his/her" based on context
3. Time Expressions:
- "now" becomes "then"
- "today" becomes "that day"
- "tomorrow" becomes "the next day"
- "yesterday" remains "yesterday"
Here is a table to illustrate these changes:
Direct Speech (Sindhi) | Pronunciation | Reported Speech (Sindhi) | Pronunciation | English Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
"مون کي پيار آهي" | "Mun khe pyaar aahe" | "هن چيو ته مون کي پيار آهي" | "Hun chayo ta mun khe pyaar aahe" | "He said that he loves me" |
"تُو اڄ اسڪول ويندين" | "Tu aaj school windin" | "هن چيو ته تون اڄ اسڪول ويندين" | "Hun chayo ta tun aaj school windin" | "He said that you will go to school today" |
"هُن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو" | "Hun khe samjhan mein waqt lago" | "هن چيو ته هُن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو" | "Hun chayo ta hun khe samjhan mein waqt lago" | "He said that it took him time to understand" |
"مون کي اوهان سان ملڻ جو شوق آهي" | "Mun khe ohan san milan jo shauq aahe" | "هن چيو ته مون کي اوهان سان ملڻ جو شوق آهي" | "Hun chayo ta mun khe ohan san milan jo shauq aahe" | "He said that he likes to meet you" |
Use of Reporting Verbs[edit | edit source]
In Sindhi, we can use various reporting verbs to convey the speaker's attitude. Here are some common reporting verbs and their usage:
- چيو (Chayo) - said
- پوڇيو (Pochayo) - asked
- بتايو (Batayo) - told
- سمجهايو (Samjhayo) - explained
- سفارش ڪيو (Sifarish Kayo) - suggested
Using these verbs can provide additional context about how the message was delivered. For example:
- چيو (Chayo): "هن چيو ته هو خوش آهي" (He said that he is happy).
- پوڇيو (Pochayo): "هن پوڇيو ته ڇا توهان آيا آهيو؟" (He asked if you came).
- بتايو (Batayo): "هن ٻڌايو ته ان کي مسئلو آهي" (He told that he has a problem).
Here’s a table showcasing different reporting verbs:
Reporting Verb (Sindhi) | Pronunciation | English Translation |
---|---|---|
چيو | Chayo | said |
پوڇيو | Pochayo | asked |
ٻڌايو | Batayo | told |
سمجهايو | Samjhayo | explained |
سفارش ڪيو | Sifarish Kayo | suggested |
Examples of Reported Speech in Sindhi[edit | edit source]
Now that we have a grasp of the rules, let’s see some more examples of converting direct speech into reported speech:
Direct Speech (Sindhi) | Pronunciation | Reported Speech (Sindhi) | Pronunciation | English Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
"مون کي وڻندو آهي" | "Mun khe vandiddo aahe" | "هن چيو ته مون کي وڻندو آهي" | "Hun chayo ta mun khe vandiddo aahe" | "He said that he likes it" |
"تُو سکڻ ۾ مصروف آهين" | "Tu sikhan mein masroof aahin" | "هن چيو ته تون سکڻ ۾ مصروف آهين" | "Hun chayo ta tun sikhan mein masroof aahin" | "He said that you are busy learning" |
"اهي خوش آهن" | "Ahi khush aahin" | "هن چيو ته اهي خوش آهن" | "Hun chayo ta ahi khush aahin" | "He said that they are happy" |
"مون کي اڄ موڪل آهي" | "Mun khe aaj mokal aahe" | "هن چيو ته مون کي اڄ موڪل آهي" | "Hun chayo ta mun khe aaj mokal aahe" | "He said that I have a holiday today" |
"هُن کي نئون ڪتاب مليو" | "Hun khe nayo kitaab milo" | "هن چيو ته هُن کي نئون ڪتاب مليو" | "Hun chayo ta hun khe nayo kitaab milo" | "He said that he got a new book" |
As we can see, transforming direct speech to reported speech in Sindhi involves altering pronouns, verbs, and sometimes the time expressions.
Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]
Now that you have understood the concept of reported speech, it’s time to practice! Below are some exercises designed to help you apply what you have learned.
Exercise 1: Convert Direct Speech to Reported Speech[edit | edit source]
Transform the following sentences from direct to reported speech.
1. "مون کي خوشي محسوس ٿي رهي آهي."
2. "تُو اڄ رات آئيندو."
3. "هن چيو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."
4. "مون کي پڙهڻ پسند آهي."
5. "تُو هميشه وقت تي اچين ٿو."
Solutions:
1. "هن چيو ته مون کي خوشي محسوس ٿي رهي آهي."
2. "هن چيو ته تون اڄ رات آئيندو."
3. "هن چيو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."
4. "هن چيو ته مون کي پڙهڻ پسند آهي."
5. "هن چيو ته تون هميشه وقت تي اچين ٿو."
Exercise 2: Identify the Reporting Verb[edit | edit source]
Read the following sentences and identify the reporting verb used.
1. "هن چيو ته هو اسڪول وڃي رهيو آهي."
2. "هن پڇيو ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟"
3. "هن ٻڌايو ته ان کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي."
4. "هن سفارش ڪيو ته توهان کي مشق ڪرڻ گهرجي."
Solutions:
1. چيو (Chayo)
2. پوڇيو (Pochayo)
3. ٻڌايو (Batayo)
4. سفارش ڪيو (Sifarish Kayo)
Exercise 3: Change Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Change the pronouns in the following sentences to fit the context of reported speech.
1. "مون کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو."
2. "تُو ڪهڙو ڪتاب پڙهندين؟"
3. "اسان کي سٺو تجربو مليو."
4. "تُو اڄ رات پارٽي ۾ اچيندو؟"
Solutions:
1. "هن چيو ته هن کي سمجهڻ ۾ وقت لڳو."
2. "هن چيو ته تون ڪهڙو ڪتاب پڙهندين؟"
3. "هن چيو ته اسان کي سٺو تجربو مليو."
4. "هن چيو ته تون اڄ رات پارٽي ۾ اچيندو؟"
Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of reported speech:
1. "تُو ____ (چيو) ته مون کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي."
2. "هن ____ (پوڇيو) ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟"
3. "مون ____ (بتايو) ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."
Solutions:
1. "تُو چيو ته مون کي وقت جي ضرورت آهي."
2. "هن پوڇيو ته ڇا توهان کي خبر آهي؟"
3. "مون ٻڌايو ته ان کي مدد گهرجي."
Exercise 5: Practice Writing[edit | edit source]
Write five sentences in reported speech based on the following prompts:
1. "I am going to the market."
2. "You should study for the exam."
3. "They are planning a trip."
4. "She loves to dance."
5. "We will visit you tomorrow."
Solutions:
1. "He said that he is going to the market."
2. "He said that you should study for the exam."
3. "He said that they are planning a trip."
4. "He said that she loves to dance."
5. "He said that we will visit you the next day."
As we conclude this lesson on reported speech, I hope you feel more confident in your ability to convey others' words in Sindhi. Remember, practice is key, so continue to use these structures in your conversations and writing.
Sources[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Pronouns
- Questions
- Verbs and Tenses
- Future Tense
- 0 to A1 Course
- Question Formation
- Negation
- How to Use Be
- Plurals
- How to Use Have
◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson |