Language/Dari/Grammar/Conjunctions

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Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Conjunctions

In the journey of learning a new language, understanding how to connect ideas is vital. Conjunctions are the glue that binds words, phrases, and sentences together, creating a more fluid and coherent expression of thoughts. In Dari, just like in English, conjunctions play a crucial role in communication. This lesson will delve into the most common conjunctions in Dari, such as "and," "but," and "or," and how to use them effectively.

We will explore the following structure in this lesson:

What Are Conjunctions?

Conjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses. They help to form complex sentences and express relationships between different ideas. In Dari, conjunctions can indicate addition, contrast, choice, and more. Understanding these will enhance your ability to communicate more naturally and effectively.

Common Dari Conjunctions

Here, we will look at some of the most common conjunctions in Dari, along with their usage and examples.

1. "و" (wa) - "and"

This conjunction is used to add information.

Dari	Pronunciation	English
و	wa	and
من و تو	man wa to	I and you
او و برادرش	u wa baradarash	He and his brother
ما و آنها	ma wa anha	We and they
کتاب و قلم	kitab wa qalam	Book and pen

2. "اما" (ama) - "but"

This conjunction is used to contrast ideas.

Dari	Pronunciation	English
اما	ama	but
من خوبم، اما تو خوب نیستی	man khobam, ama to khob nisti	I am fine, but you are not
او کار می کند، اما من استراحت می کنم	u kar mikonad, ama man esteraahat mikonam	He works, but I am resting
ما می رویم، اما آنها می مانند	ma miravim, ama anha mimanand	We are going, but they are staying
این کتاب جالب است، اما خیلی گران است	in kitab jaleb ast, ama khayli gran ast	This book is interesting, but very expensive

3. "یا" (ya) - "or"

This conjunction is used to present choices.

Dari	Pronunciation	English
یا	ya	or
تو چای می خواهی یا قهوه؟	to chai mikhahi ya ghahwa?	Do you want tea or coffee?
او می آید یا نمی آید؟	u mi ayad ya nemi ayad?	Is he coming or not?
من کتاب می خوانم یا تلویزیون می بینم	man kitab mikhanam ya televiziyon mibinam	I read a book or watch television
ما می توانیم پیاده برویم یا با ماشین	ma mitavanim piyade beravim ya ba mashin	We can go on foot or by car

4. "چون" (chun) - "because"

This conjunction is used to explain reasons.

Dari	Pronunciation	English
چون	chun	because
من خوابم، چون خسته هستم	man khwabam, chun khaste hastam	I am sleepy because I am tired
او نمی آید، چون بیمار است	u nemi ayad, chun bimar ast	He is not coming because he is sick
ما دیر می رسیم، چون ترافیک است	ma dir mi rasim, chun trafik ast	We will arrive late because there is traffic
من نمی روم، چون باران می بارد	man nemi ravam, chun baran mibarad	I am not going because it is raining

5. "اگر" (agar) - "if"

This conjunction is used to present conditions.

Dari	Pronunciation	English
اگر	agar	if
اگر باران بیافتد، ما نمی رویم	agar baran biyafte, ma nemiravim	If it rains, we won't go
اگر تو بیایی، من خوشحال می شوم	agar to biayi, man khushhal mishom	If you come, I will be happy
اگر او کار کند، موفق می شود	agar u kar konad, muvafaq mishavad	If he works, he will succeed
اگر آنها کمک کنند، کار آسان می شود	agar anha komak konand, kar asan mishavad	If they help, the work becomes easier

Using Conjunctions in Sentences

Now that we've learned some basic conjunctions, let's see how these can be used in sentences to create more complex ideas.

1. Adding Information

Using "و" (wa) to connect ideas.

• Example: من کتاب می خوانم و او فیلم می بیند.

(Man kitab mikhanam wa u film mibinad.)

I read a book and he watches a movie.

2. Contrasting Ideas

Using "اما" (ama) to show contrast.

• Example: من خوب می خوانم، اما او خوب نمی خواند.

(Man khob mikhanam, ama u khob nemikhanad.)

I sing well, but he does not sing well.

3. Showing Choices

Using "یا" (ya) to present options.

• Example: آیا تو چای می خواهی یا قهوه؟

(Aya to chai mikhahi ya ghahwa?)

Do you want tea or coffee?

4. Explaining Reasons

Using "چون" (chun) to provide explanations.

• Example: من نمی آیم چون مشغول هستم.

(Man nemi ayam chun mashghul hastam.)

I am not coming because I am busy.

5. Presenting Conditions

Using "اگر" (agar) to express conditions.

• Example: اگر او بیاید، ما جشن می گیریم.

(Agar u biayad, ma jashn migirim.)

If he comes, we will celebrate.

Practice Exercises

Now that we've covered the basics, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunction from the options given.

1. من و تو ____ به بازار می رویم. (و / اما)

2. او خوب می خواند، ____ من خوب نمی خوانم. (یا / اما)

3. تو می خواهی برنج ____ نان؟ (یا / چون)

4. من خوشحالم ____ تو اینجا هستی. (چون / اگر)

5. اگر باران بیافتد، ____ نمی رویم. (پس / و)

Solutions:

1. و

2. اما

3. یا

4. چون

5. پس

Exercise 2: Sentence Creation

Create sentences using the given conjunctions.

1. و (and) -

2. اما (but) -

3. یا (or) -

4. چون (because) -

5. اگر (if) -

Example Solutions:

1. من و تو دوستیم. (Man wa to doostim.) - You and I are friends.

2. او خوب است، اما من خوب نیستم. (U khob ast, ama man khob nistam.) - He is good, but I am not.

3. آیا تو چای می خواهی یا قهوه؟ (Aya to chai mikhahi ya ghahwa?) - Do you want tea or coffee?

4. من خوشحالم چون تو اینجا هستی. (Man khushhalam chun to inja hasti.) - I am happy because you are here.

5. اگر تو بیایی، خوشحال می شوم. (Agar to biayi, khushhal mishom.) - If you come, I will be happy.

Exercise 3: Translation

Translate the following sentences into Dari.

1. I will go to the market and buy vegetables.

2. She is tired but happy.

3. Would you like tea or coffee?

4. He is not coming because he is busy.

5. If it is sunny, we will go for a picnic.

Solutions:

1. من به بازار می روم و سبزیجات می خرم. (Man ba bazar mi ravam wa sabzijat mi kharam.)

2. او خسته است اما خوشحال است. (U khaste ast ama khushhal ast.)

3. آیا تو چای می خواهی یا قهوه؟ (Aya to chai mikhahi ya ghahwa?)

4. او نمی آید چون مشغول است. (U nemi ayad chun mashghul ast.)

5. اگر آفتابی باشد، ما برای پیک نیک می رویم. (Agar aftabi bashad, ma baraye picnic mi ravim.)

Exercise 4: Identify the Conjunction

Read the sentences and identify the conjunction used.

1. من می روم، اما او نمی رود.

2. او کتاب می خواند و من تلویزیون می بینم.

3. آیا تو می خواهی برنج یا نان؟

4. چون باران می بارد، ما نمی رویم.

5. اگر تو زود بیایی، بهتر است.

Solutions:

1. اما

2. و

3. یا

4. چون

5. اگر

Exercise 5: Complete the Sentences

Complete the following sentences using the appropriate conjunction.

1. من می خواهم بروم، ____ باران می بارد.

2. تو می خواهی پیاده بروی، ____ با ماشین؟

3. او خوب می خواند، ____ من نمی خوانم.

4. چون او خسته است، ____ نمی آید.

5. من کتاب دارم، ____ تو کتاب نداری.

Solutions:

1. اما

2. یا

3. اما

4. پس

5. اما

Conclusion

In this lesson, we explored the fascinating world of conjunctions in Dari. We learned how these little words can make a big difference in connecting our thoughts and making our sentences more fluid. Practice using these conjunctions in your daily conversations, and soon you will be able to express yourself more naturally in Dari.

Keep practicing, and remember that connecting ideas is essential for effective communication. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Pronouns and Verbs

• Personal Pronouns
• Basic Verb Conjugation

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-20
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Articles

• Noun Gender and Plurals
• Definite and Indefinite Articles

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Describing People and Things
• Comparatives and Superlatives
• Adverbs

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Food Items
• Eating Out

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Basic Prepositions
• Conjunctions

  ---

Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions

• Afghanistan and Iran
• Holidays and Celebrations

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel-related Vocabulary

  ---

Questions and Negations

• Asking Questions
• Negation

  ---

Weather and Seasons

• Weather Vocabulary
• Seasons

  ---

Past and Future Tenses

• Past Tense
• Future Tense

  ---

Dari Literature and Media

• Famous Dari Writers
• Dari Media

Other Lessons

• Past Tense
• Conditional Mood
• Future Tense
• Adverbs
• Personal Pronouns
• Basic Verb Conjugation
• 0 to A1 Course
• Describing People and Things
• Adjectives

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