Difference between revisions of "Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
< Language‎ | Dari‎ | Grammar
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Dari/Vocabulary/Eating-Out|◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Dari/Grammar/Conjunctions|Next Lesson — Conjunctions ▶️]]
|}
</span>


{{Dari-Page-Top}}
{{Dari-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Prepositions</div>
Welcome to this exciting lesson on '''Basic Prepositions''' in Dari! Prepositions are essential elements of any language, serving as the glue that holds sentences together. They help us express relationships between words, particularly in terms of '''location, time, and direction'''. Understanding how to use prepositions effectively will enhance your ability to communicate clearly in Dari.
In this lesson, we will explore:
* The significance of prepositions in Dari
* A selection of common Dari prepositions
* Their meanings and uses in sentences
* Practical exercises to reinforce your learning


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Basic Prepositions</div>
By the end of this lesson, you should feel more comfortable using basic prepositions in Dari, which will be a foundational skill as you continue your journey to becoming proficient in the language.


__TOC__
__TOC__


==Introduction to Basic Prepositions in Dari==
=== Importance of Prepositions in Dari ===
 
Prepositions play a crucial role in constructing meaningful sentences. In Dari, they help you describe:
 
* '''Where''' something is located (e.g., "on the table")
 
* '''When''' something happens (e.g., "at noon")
 
* '''How''' to move from one place to another (e.g., "towards the school")
 
Without the appropriate use of prepositions, your sentences may lack clarity and precision. So, let's dive into some of the most common prepositions in Dari!
 
=== Common Dari Prepositions ===
 
Here’s a list of some basic prepositions you will encounter frequently in Dari, along with their meanings:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
 
| در || dar || in
 
|-
 
| بر || bar || on
 
|-
 
| زیر || zīr || under
 
|-
 
| بالای || bālāy || above
 
|-
 
| نزدیک || nazdīk || near
 
|-
 
| دور || dūr || far
 
|-
 
| با || bā || with
 
|-
 
| بدون || bedūn || without
 
|-
 
| به || beh || to
 
|-
 
| از || az || from
 
|-
 
| قبل از || qabl az || before
 
|-
 
| بعد از || ba'd az || after
 
|-
 
| در کنار || dar kanār || beside
 
|-
 
| از طرف || az taraf || from the side of
 
|-
 
| در داخل || dar dākhel || inside
 
|-
 
| در خارج || dar khārej || outside
 
|-
 
| به سمت || beh samt || towards
 
|-
 
| به خاطر || beh khāter || because of
 
|-
 
| برای || barāy || for
 
|-
 
| در مقابل || dar muqābil || in front of
 
|-
 
| در طی || dar tay || during
 
|}
 
=== Using Prepositions in Sentences ===
 
Now that we've covered some common prepositions, let's see how they can be used in sentences. Understanding their context is crucial for effective communication. Below are 20 examples that illustrate the use of these prepositions:
 
1. '''در''' (in)
 
* '''Dari:''' کتاب در میز است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' kitāb dar mīz ast.
 
* '''English:''' The book is on the table.
 
2. '''بر''' (on)
 
* '''Dari:''' گلابی بر درخت است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' golābī bar derakht ast.
 
* '''English:''' The pear is on the tree.
 
3. '''زیر''' (under)
 
* '''Dari:''' گربه زیر میز خوابیده است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' gorbeh zīr mīz khwābīde ast.
 
* '''English:''' The cat is sleeping under the table.
 
4. '''بالای''' (above)
 
* '''Dari:''' پرنده بالای درخت پرواز می‌کند.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' parande bālāy derakht parvāz mikonad.
 
* '''English:''' The bird flies above the tree.
 
5. '''نزدیک''' (near)
 
* '''Dari:''' خانه من نزدیک بازار است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' khāneh man nazdīk bāzār ast.
 
* '''English:''' My house is near the market.
 
6. '''دور''' (far)
 
* '''Dari:''' کتابخانه دور از اینجا است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ketābkhāneh dūr az injā ast.
 
* '''English:''' The library is far from here.
 
7. '''با''' (with)
 
* '''Dari:''' من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man bā dūstān-am beh sīnemā miravām.
 
* '''English:''' I go to the cinema with my friends.
 
8. '''بدون''' (without)
 
* '''Dari:''' او بدون کلاه بیرون نرفت.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ū bedūn kolāh bīrūn narift.
 
* '''English:''' He didn't go outside without a hat.
 
9. '''به''' (to)
 
* '''Dari:''' من به مدرسه می‌روم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man beh madrase miravām.
 
* '''English:''' I am going to school.
 
10. '''از''' (from)
 
* '''Dari:''' من از افغانستان هستم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man az Afghānistān hastam.
 
* '''English:''' I am from Afghanistan.
 
11. '''قبل از''' (before)
 
* '''Dari:''' قبل از خواب، کتاب می‌خوانم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' qabl az khwāb, kitāb mīkhānām.
 
* '''English:''' I read a book before sleeping.
 
12. '''بعد از''' (after)
 
* '''Dari:''' بعد از کار، استراحت می‌کنم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ba'd az kār, estirāhat mikonam.
 
* '''English:''' I rest after work.
 
13. '''در کنار''' (beside)
 
* '''Dari:''' او در کنار من نشسته است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ū dar kanār man neshastah ast.
 
* '''English:''' He is sitting beside me.
 
14. '''از طرف''' (from the side of)
 
* '''Dari:''' نامه از طرف دوست من است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' nāmeh az taraf dūst-e man ast.
 
* '''English:''' The letter is from my friend.
 
15. '''در داخل''' (inside)
 
* '''Dari:''' بچه‌ها در داخل خانه بازی می‌کنند.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' bachahā dar dākhel khāneh bāzī mikonand.
 
* '''English:''' The children are playing inside the house.
 
16. '''در خارج''' (outside)
 
* '''Dari:''' من در خارج از کشور زندگی می‌کنم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man dar khārej az keshvar zindagī mikonam.
 
* '''English:''' I live outside the country.
 
17. '''به سمت''' (towards)
 
* '''Dari:''' او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' ū beh samt darvāze miravad.
 
* '''English:''' He is going towards the gate.
 
18. '''به خاطر''' (because of)
 
* '''Dari:''' من به خاطر باران بیرون نمی‌روم.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' man beh khāter bārān bīrūn namiravām.
 
* '''English:''' I am not going outside because of the rain.
 
19. '''برای''' (for)
 
* '''Dari:''' این هدیه برای توست.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' in hadīye barāy tōst.
 
* '''English:''' This gift is for you.
 
20. '''در مقابل''' (in front of)
 
* '''Dari:''' ماشین در مقابل خانه پارک است.
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' māshīn dar muqābil khāneh pārk ast.
 
* '''English:''' The car is parked in front of the house.
 
=== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ===
 
To practice what you've learned, here are 10 exercises for you to complete. After each exercise, you will find the answers and explanations.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition from the list: در, بر, زیر, بالای, نزدیک.
 
1. کتاب ______ میز است.
 
2. گربه ______ درخت خوابیده است.
 
3. پرنده ______ آسمان پرواز می‌کند.
 
4. خانه من ______ بازار است.
 
5. سیب ______ درخت است.
 
=== Answers to Exercise 1 ===
 
1. در (The book is on the table.)
 
2. زیر (The cat is sleeping under the tree.)
 
3. بالای (The bird flies above the sky.)
 
4. نزدیک (My house is near the market.)
 
5. بر (The apple is on the tree.)
 
=== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ===
 
Translate the following sentences from English to Dari using the correct prepositions.
 
1. I go to school.
 
2. The cat is under the table.
 
3. My house is far from here.
 
4. The letter is from my friend.
 
5. I read a book before sleeping.
 
=== Answers to Exercise 2 ===
 
1. من به مدرسه می‌روم.
 
2. گربه زیر میز است.
 
3. خانه‌ام دور از اینجا است.
 
4. نامه از طرف دوست من است.
 
5. من قبل از خواب کتاب می‌خوانم.
 
=== Exercise 3: Match the Prepositions ===
 
Match the Dari prepositions on the left with their English translations on the right.
 
| Dari          | English          |
 
|---------------|------------------|
 
| در            | a) with          |
 
| بر            | b) in            |
 
| زیر          | c) on            |
 
| دور          | d) under        |
 
| نزدیک        | e) far          |
 
=== Answers to Exercise 3 ===
 
* در - b) in
 
* بر - c) on
 
* زیر - d) under
 
* دور - e) far
 
* نزدیک - a) with
 
=== Exercise 4: Create Your Sentences ===
 
Using the following prepositions, create your own sentences in Dari.
 
1. با (with)
 
2. بدون (without)
 
3. به (to)
 
4. از (from)
 
5. در کنار (beside)
 
=== Answers to Exercise 4 ===
 
* Example: من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم. (I go to the cinema with my friends.)
 
* You can create your sentences as per your understanding.
 
=== Exercise 5: Identify the Preposition ===
 
Read the following sentences and identify the preposition used.
 
1. من در خانه هستم.
 
2. کتاب بر میز است.
 
3. گربه زیر صندلی خوابیده است.
 
4. او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.
 
5. این هدیه برای توست.
 
=== Answers to Exercise 5 ===
 
1. در
 
2. بر
 
3. زیر
 
4. به سمت
 
5. برای
 
=== Exercise 6: Sentence Transformation ===
 
Transform the sentences by replacing the preposition with an appropriate one.
 
1. کتاب در میز است. (Change 'در' to 'زیر')
 
2. گلابی بر درخت است. (Change 'بر' to 'زیر')
 
3. من با دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (Change 'با' to 'بدون')
 
=== Answers to Exercise 6 ===
 
1. کتاب زیر میز است. (The book is under the table.)
 
2. گلابی زیر درخت است. (The pear is under the tree.)
 
3. من بدون دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (I study without my friends.)
 
=== Exercise 7: Choose the Correct Preposition ===
 
Choose the correct preposition to complete the sentences.
 
1. من ______ خانه هستم. (در / بر)
 
2. پرنده ______ درخت پرواز می‌کند. (زیر / بالای)
 
3. کتابخانه ______ اینجا است. (دور / نزدیک)
 
=== Answers to Exercise 7 ===
 
1. در (I am in the house.)
 
2. بالای (The bird flies above the tree.)
 
3. نزدیک (The library is near here.)
 
=== Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Form ===
 
Fill in the correct form of the preposition in the sentences.
 
1. او در ______ (کنار / بالای) من نشسته است.
 
2. این هدیه ______ (برای / بدون) توست.
 
3. من از ______ (طرف / در) دوست خود نامه دارم.
 
=== Answers to Exercise 8 ===


<p>Prepositions are an important part of any language as they help us to express time, place, and direction. In Dari, prepositions are used extensively to form meaningful sentences. In this lesson, we will learn the most common prepositions in Dari, their meanings, and how to use them correctly in sentences. Let's get started!</p>
1. کنار (He is sitting beside me.)


==What are Prepositions?==
2. برای (This gift is for you.)


<p>A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun and other words in a sentence. Prepositions are used to indicate position, direction, time, manner, or purpose.</p>
3. طرف (I have a letter from my friend.)


<p>In Dari, prepositions are usually placed before the noun or pronoun they describe. In some cases, however, the preposition can also be placed at the end of the sentence.</p>
=== Exercise 9: Rewrite the Sentences ===


==Common Prepositions in Dari==
Rewrite the sentences using the opposite of the preposition given.


<p>Here are some of the most commonly used prepositions in Dari along with their meanings and examples:</p>
1. گربه زیر میز است. (Use 'بالای')


<table style="width:100%">
2. او به سمت خانه می‌رود. (Use 'دور از')
  <tr>
    <th>Dari</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English Translation</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>به</td>
    <td>bé</td>
    <td>to</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>از</td>
    <td>az</td>
    <td>from</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>برای</td>
    <td>baráy</td>
    <td>for</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>در</td>
    <td>dar</td>
    <td>in, at</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>با</td>
    <td>bá</td>
    <td>with</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>روی</td>
    <td>ruy</td>
    <td>on, upon</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>پشت</td>
    <td>pasht</td>
    <td>behind</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>جلوی</td>
    <td>jelawí</td>
    <td>in front of, ahead of</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>در میان</td>
    <td>dar míyán</td>
    <td>in the middle of, among</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>بالای</td>
    <td>báláy</td>
    <td>above, over</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>زیر</td>
    <td>zír</td>
    <td>under, beneath</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>نزدیک</td>
    <td>nazdík</td>
    <td>near, close to</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>دور از</td>
    <td>dor áz</td>
    <td>far from</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>It is important to note that the meaning of a preposition can change based on the context in which it is used. Therefore, it is essential to understand the entire sentence to know the exact meaning of the preposition. </p>
3. من در داخل اتاق هستم. (Use 'در خارج')


==Using Prepositions in Sentences==
=== Answers to Exercise 9 ===


<p>Prepositions are used to describe the relationship between a noun and other words in a sentence. Here are some examples of how prepositions can be used in sentences:</p>
1. گربه بالای میز است. (The cat is above the table.)


<ul>
2. او دور از خانه می‌رود. (He is going far from home.)
  <li>من به کلاس می روم. (Man bé kelás mirawam.) - I am going to the class.</li>
  <li>آنها با دوستانشان ملاقات می کنند. (Ánhā bá dóstánashán meláqát mikonand.) - They are meeting with their friends.</li>
  <li>کتاب روی میز است. (Ketáb ruy miz ast.) - The book is on the table.</li>
  <li>ما در خانه می نشینیم. (Má dar kháneh mí neshínum.) - We are sitting at home.</li>
  <li>آن دختر در مدرسه می خواند. (Án dokhtar dar madrese mi kháwand.) - That girl is studying in school.</li>
</ul>


<p>As you can see from the examples above, prepositions are an essential part of sentence construction in Dari. They help to convey the correct meaning and convey the relationship between the noun and other words in the sentence. </p>
3. من در خارج اتاق هستم. (I am outside the room.)


==Conclusion==
=== Exercise 10: Complete the Dialogue ===


<p>In this lesson, we learned about the most common prepositions used in Dari, their meanings, and how to use them correctly in sentences. It is essential to understand the meaning of prepositions to form meaningful sentences correctly. In the next lesson, we will learn about conjunctions, which are used to connect words, phrases, and clauses in sentences. </p>
Complete the dialogue by filling in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.


A: تو ______ کجا هستی؟
B: من ______ خانه هستم.
=== Answers to Exercise 10 ===
A: تو در کجا هستی؟ (Where are you?)
B: من در خانه هستم. (I am in the house.)
With these exercises, you should have a solid foundation in using basic prepositions in Dari. Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself using them effortlessly in conversation!


<span link>Well done on mastering this lesson! Don't miss these related pages to expand your knowledge: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Gender|Gender]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Verb-Conjugation|Basic Verb Conjugation]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Dari Grammar: Prepositions and Conjunctions | Learn Prepositions and Conjunctions in Dari
 
|keywords=Dari prepositions, Dari conjunctions, prepositions in Dari, how to use prepositions in Dari, Learn Prepositions and Conjunctions in Dari
|title=Basic Prepositions in Dari
|description=Learn the most common Dari prepositions their meanings how to use them in sentences to express location, time, and direction. Use Dari conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and sentences. Get to the complete A1 level with this Dari course!
 
|keywords=Dari, prepositions, basic Dari grammar, learn Dari, Dari language
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn common Dari prepositions, their meanings, and how to use them in sentences to express location, time, and direction.
 
}}
}}


{{Dari-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Dari-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Course]]
Line 128: Line 533:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Dari-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Dari-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
==Sources==
* [http://mylanguages.org/dari_prepositions.php Dari Prepositions]
* [https://www.iam-afghanistan.org/lcp/downloads/dari-grammar.pdf A Learner's Grammar of Dari]
* [http://learn101.org/dari_grammar.php Dari Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
 




Line 142: Line 553:
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]


{{Dari-Page-Bottom}}
{{Dari-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>
 
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Dari/Vocabulary/Eating-Out|◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Dari/Grammar/Conjunctions|Next Lesson — Conjunctions ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 06:22, 2 August 2024

◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Conjunctions ▶️

Dari-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Prepositions

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Basic Prepositions in Dari! Prepositions are essential elements of any language, serving as the glue that holds sentences together. They help us express relationships between words, particularly in terms of location, time, and direction. Understanding how to use prepositions effectively will enhance your ability to communicate clearly in Dari.

In this lesson, we will explore:

  • The significance of prepositions in Dari
  • A selection of common Dari prepositions
  • Their meanings and uses in sentences
  • Practical exercises to reinforce your learning

By the end of this lesson, you should feel more comfortable using basic prepositions in Dari, which will be a foundational skill as you continue your journey to becoming proficient in the language.

Importance of Prepositions in Dari[edit | edit source]

Prepositions play a crucial role in constructing meaningful sentences. In Dari, they help you describe:

  • Where something is located (e.g., "on the table")
  • When something happens (e.g., "at noon")
  • How to move from one place to another (e.g., "towards the school")

Without the appropriate use of prepositions, your sentences may lack clarity and precision. So, let's dive into some of the most common prepositions in Dari!

Common Dari Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Here’s a list of some basic prepositions you will encounter frequently in Dari, along with their meanings:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
در dar in
بر bar on
زیر zīr under
بالای bālāy above
نزدیک nazdīk near
دور dūr far
با bā with
بدون bedūn without
به beh to
از az from
قبل از qabl az before
بعد از ba'd az after
در کنار dar kanār beside
از طرف az taraf from the side of
در داخل dar dākhel inside
در خارج dar khārej outside
به سمت beh samt towards
به خاطر beh khāter because of
برای barāy for
در مقابل dar muqābil in front of
در طی dar tay during

Using Prepositions in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered some common prepositions, let's see how they can be used in sentences. Understanding their context is crucial for effective communication. Below are 20 examples that illustrate the use of these prepositions:

1. در (in)

  • Dari: کتاب در میز است.
  • Pronunciation: kitāb dar mīz ast.
  • English: The book is on the table.

2. بر (on)

  • Dari: گلابی بر درخت است.
  • Pronunciation: golābī bar derakht ast.
  • English: The pear is on the tree.

3. زیر (under)

  • Dari: گربه زیر میز خوابیده است.
  • Pronunciation: gorbeh zīr mīz khwābīde ast.
  • English: The cat is sleeping under the table.

4. بالای (above)

  • Dari: پرنده بالای درخت پرواز می‌کند.
  • Pronunciation: parande bālāy derakht parvāz mikonad.
  • English: The bird flies above the tree.

5. نزدیک (near)

  • Dari: خانه من نزدیک بازار است.
  • Pronunciation: khāneh man nazdīk bāzār ast.
  • English: My house is near the market.

6. دور (far)

  • Dari: کتابخانه دور از اینجا است.
  • Pronunciation: ketābkhāneh dūr az injā ast.
  • English: The library is far from here.

7. با (with)

  • Dari: من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم.
  • Pronunciation: man bā dūstān-am beh sīnemā miravām.
  • English: I go to the cinema with my friends.

8. بدون (without)

  • Dari: او بدون کلاه بیرون نرفت.
  • Pronunciation: ū bedūn kolāh bīrūn narift.
  • English: He didn't go outside without a hat.

9. به (to)

  • Dari: من به مدرسه می‌روم.
  • Pronunciation: man beh madrase miravām.
  • English: I am going to school.

10. از (from)

  • Dari: من از افغانستان هستم.
  • Pronunciation: man az Afghānistān hastam.
  • English: I am from Afghanistan.

11. قبل از (before)

  • Dari: قبل از خواب، کتاب می‌خوانم.
  • Pronunciation: qabl az khwāb, kitāb mīkhānām.
  • English: I read a book before sleeping.

12. بعد از (after)

  • Dari: بعد از کار، استراحت می‌کنم.
  • Pronunciation: ba'd az kār, estirāhat mikonam.
  • English: I rest after work.

13. در کنار (beside)

  • Dari: او در کنار من نشسته است.
  • Pronunciation: ū dar kanār man neshastah ast.
  • English: He is sitting beside me.

14. از طرف (from the side of)

  • Dari: نامه از طرف دوست من است.
  • Pronunciation: nāmeh az taraf dūst-e man ast.
  • English: The letter is from my friend.

15. در داخل (inside)

  • Dari: بچه‌ها در داخل خانه بازی می‌کنند.
  • Pronunciation: bachahā dar dākhel khāneh bāzī mikonand.
  • English: The children are playing inside the house.

16. در خارج (outside)

  • Dari: من در خارج از کشور زندگی می‌کنم.
  • Pronunciation: man dar khārej az keshvar zindagī mikonam.
  • English: I live outside the country.

17. به سمت (towards)

  • Dari: او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.
  • Pronunciation: ū beh samt darvāze miravad.
  • English: He is going towards the gate.

18. به خاطر (because of)

  • Dari: من به خاطر باران بیرون نمی‌روم.
  • Pronunciation: man beh khāter bārān bīrūn namiravām.
  • English: I am not going outside because of the rain.

19. برای (for)

  • Dari: این هدیه برای توست.
  • Pronunciation: in hadīye barāy tōst.
  • English: This gift is for you.

20. در مقابل (in front of)

  • Dari: ماشین در مقابل خانه پارک است.
  • Pronunciation: māshīn dar muqābil khāneh pārk ast.
  • English: The car is parked in front of the house.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

To practice what you've learned, here are 10 exercises for you to complete. After each exercise, you will find the answers and explanations.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition from the list: در, بر, زیر, بالای, نزدیک.

1. کتاب ______ میز است.

2. گربه ______ درخت خوابیده است.

3. پرنده ______ آسمان پرواز می‌کند.

4. خانه من ______ بازار است.

5. سیب ______ درخت است.

Answers to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. در (The book is on the table.)

2. زیر (The cat is sleeping under the tree.)

3. بالای (The bird flies above the sky.)

4. نزدیک (My house is near the market.)

5. بر (The apple is on the tree.)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Dari using the correct prepositions.

1. I go to school.

2. The cat is under the table.

3. My house is far from here.

4. The letter is from my friend.

5. I read a book before sleeping.

Answers to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. من به مدرسه می‌روم.

2. گربه زیر میز است.

3. خانه‌ام دور از اینجا است.

4. نامه از طرف دوست من است.

5. من قبل از خواب کتاب می‌خوانم.

Exercise 3: Match the Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Match the Dari prepositions on the left with their English translations on the right.

| Dari | English |

|---------------|------------------|

| در | a) with |

| بر | b) in |

| زیر | c) on |

| دور | d) under |

| نزدیک | e) far |

Answers to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

  • در - b) in
  • بر - c) on
  • زیر - d) under
  • دور - e) far
  • نزدیک - a) with

Exercise 4: Create Your Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the following prepositions, create your own sentences in Dari.

1. با (with)

2. بدون (without)

3. به (to)

4. از (from)

5. در کنار (beside)

Answers to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

  • Example: من با دوستانم به سینما می‌روم. (I go to the cinema with my friends.)
  • You can create your sentences as per your understanding.

Exercise 5: Identify the Preposition[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify the preposition used.

1. من در خانه هستم.

2. کتاب بر میز است.

3. گربه زیر صندلی خوابیده است.

4. او به سمت دروازه می‌رود.

5. این هدیه برای توست.

Answers to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. در

2. بر

3. زیر

4. به سمت

5. برای

Exercise 6: Sentence Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the sentences by replacing the preposition with an appropriate one.

1. کتاب در میز است. (Change 'در' to 'زیر')

2. گلابی بر درخت است. (Change 'بر' to 'زیر')

3. من با دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (Change 'با' to 'بدون')

Answers to Exercise 6[edit | edit source]

1. کتاب زیر میز است. (The book is under the table.)

2. گلابی زیر درخت است. (The pear is under the tree.)

3. من بدون دوستانم درس می‌خوانم. (I study without my friends.)

Exercise 7: Choose the Correct Preposition[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct preposition to complete the sentences.

1. من ______ خانه هستم. (در / بر)

2. پرنده ______ درخت پرواز می‌کند. (زیر / بالای)

3. کتابخانه ______ اینجا است. (دور / نزدیک)

Answers to Exercise 7[edit | edit source]

1. در (I am in the house.)

2. بالای (The bird flies above the tree.)

3. نزدیک (The library is near here.)

Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

Fill in the correct form of the preposition in the sentences.

1. او در ______ (کنار / بالای) من نشسته است.

2. این هدیه ______ (برای / بدون) توست.

3. من از ______ (طرف / در) دوست خود نامه دارم.

Answers to Exercise 8[edit | edit source]

1. کنار (He is sitting beside me.)

2. برای (This gift is for you.)

3. طرف (I have a letter from my friend.)

Exercise 9: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the sentences using the opposite of the preposition given.

1. گربه زیر میز است. (Use 'بالای')

2. او به سمت خانه می‌رود. (Use 'دور از')

3. من در داخل اتاق هستم. (Use 'در خارج')

Answers to Exercise 9[edit | edit source]

1. گربه بالای میز است. (The cat is above the table.)

2. او دور از خانه می‌رود. (He is going far from home.)

3. من در خارج اتاق هستم. (I am outside the room.)

Exercise 10: Complete the Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Complete the dialogue by filling in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.

A: تو ______ کجا هستی؟

B: من ______ خانه هستم.

Answers to Exercise 10[edit | edit source]

A: تو در کجا هستی؟ (Where are you?)

B: من در خانه هستم. (I am in the house.)

With these exercises, you should have a solid foundation in using basic prepositions in Dari. Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself using them effortlessly in conversation!

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Articles


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negations


Weather and Seasons


Past and Future Tenses


Dari Literature and Media

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Conjunctions ▶️

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions&oldid=297432"