Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Subject-Pronouns

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Central Pashto → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Subject Pronouns

Welcome to another exciting lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Central Pashto Course"! Today, we will embark on a journey to demystify one of the fundamental elements of Central Pashto grammar: Subject Pronouns. Understanding subject pronouns is crucial as they form the backbone of everyday conversation, enabling you to express who is doing the action in a sentence.

In this lesson, we will cover:

• What subject pronouns are and their importance in Central Pashto.

• The forms of subject pronouns in Central Pashto.

• How to use them in sentences.

• A variety of examples to illustrate their use.

• Exercises to practice what you’ve learned.

Before we dive deeper, let’s set the stage for your learning experience.

What are Subject Pronouns?

Subject pronouns are words that replace nouns and refer to the subject of the sentence—the person or thing performing the action. In English, we have pronouns like "I," "you," "he," "she," "it," "we," and "they." These words help us avoid repetition and make our sentences clearer and more concise.

In Central Pashto, subject pronouns serve a similar purpose. They allow speakers to communicate effectively while maintaining fluidity in their speech.

Importance of Subject Pronouns in Central Pashto

Understanding subject pronouns is vital for several reasons:

• Clarity: They clarify who is performing the action in a sentence.

• Efficiency: Using pronouns instead of repeating nouns makes sentences less cumbersome.

• Foundation for Further Learning: Mastering pronouns is a stepping stone to understanding more complex structures in Pashto.

Now, let's explore the forms of subject pronouns in Central Pashto.

Subject Pronouns in Central Pashto

In Central Pashto, the subject pronouns are as follows:

Central Pashto	Pronunciation	English
زه	źa	I
ته	ta	You (singular)
هغه	hagha	He
هغه	hagha	She
دا	da	It
موږ	múzh	We
تاسو	tásu	You (plural/formal)
هغوی	haghoy	They

== Explanation of Each Pronoun

1. زه (źa): Used when you are talking about yourself.

2. ته (ta): Used to address someone directly in an informal manner.

3. هغه (hagha): This pronoun can refer to either "he" or "she," depending on the context.

4. دا (da): Used for inanimate objects or animals, meaning "it."

5. موږ (múzh): Refers to "we," indicating a group that includes the speaker.

6. تاسو (tásu): Used to address people formally or in plural.

7. هغوی (haghoy): Refers to "they," indicating a group of people or things.

Using Subject Pronouns in Sentences

Now that we know the subject pronouns, let’s see how they are used in sentences. Here are some examples to illustrate:

Central Pashto	Pronunciation	English
زه کتاب لولم.	źa kitáb lolam.	I read a book.
ته ښوونکې یې.	ta khwánkay ye.	You are a teacher.
هغه کتاب لولي.	hagha kitáb lolī.	He reads a book.
هغه کتاب لولي.	hagha kitáb lolī.	She reads a book.
دا سپی دی.	da spi di.	It is a dog.
موږ فلم ګورو.	múzh film goru.	We watch a movie.
تاسو خویندې یاست.	tásu khwīnday yāst.	You (plural) are sisters.
هغوی ښوونځي ته ځي.	haghoy khwōnzi ta źī.	They go to school.

In these sentences, the subject pronouns clearly indicate who is performing the action, making communication straightforward and effective.

Practice Makes Perfect

To reinforce your understanding of subject pronouns, let's engage in some exercises. These exercises will help you apply what you've learned and gain confidence in using subject pronouns in Central Pashto.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences with the correct subject pronoun from the list: زه (I), ته (you), هغه (he/she), دا (it), موږ (we), تاسو (you plural), هغوی (they).

1. ___ کتاب لولم. (I read a book.)

2. ___ ته ښوونکې یې. (You are a teacher.)

3. ___ هغه سپی دی. (It is a dog.)

4. ___ فلم ګورو. (We watch a movie.)

5. ___ خویندې یاست. (You (plural) are sisters.)

6. ___ ښوونځي ته ځي. (They go to school.)

Solutions:

1. زه

2. ته

3. دا

4. موږ

5. تاسو

6. هغوی

Exercise 2: Match the Pronoun to the Sentence

Match the subject pronoun to the correct sentence.

| Subject Pronoun | Sentence |

|------------------|----------|

| A. زه | 1. You (plural) are friends. |

| B. ته | 2. He reads a book. |

| C. هغه | 3. I am happy. |

| D. موږ | 4. They go to school. |

| E. تاسو | 5. We are learning. |

| F. هغوی | 6. You are a teacher. |

Solutions:

• A - 3

• B - 6

• C - 2

• D - 5

• E - 1

• F - 4

Exercise 3: Create Your Sentences

Using the subject pronouns provided, create your own sentences in Central Pashto.

1. زه

2. ته

3. هغه

4. دا

5. موږ

6. تاسو

7. هغوی

Example Answers:

1. زه ښوونکې یم. (I am a teacher.)

2. ته کتاب لولې. (You read a book.)

3. هغه هلک دی. (He is a boy.)

4. دا ګل دی. (It is a flower.)

5. موږ د مکتب زده کوونکي یو. (We are students of the school.)

6. تاسو د کلي خلک یاست. (You (plural) are people of the village.)

7. هغوی چای څښي. (They drink tea.)

Exercise 4: Translation Practice

Translate the following sentences into Central Pashto.

1. I am a doctor.

2. You are happy.

3. He is my brother.

4. She is a student.

5. We are friends.

6. You (plural) are teachers.

7. They are playing.

Solutions:

1. زه ډاکټر یم.

2. ته خوشاله یې.

3. هغه زما ورور دی.

4. هغه زده کوونکې ده.

5. موږ ملګري یو.

6. تاسو ښوونکې یاست.

7. هغوی لوبه کوي.

Exercise 5: Identify the Pronoun

Read the sentences and identify the subject pronoun.

1. زه د کلي یم. (I am from the village.)

2. هغه کتاب لولي. (She reads a book.)

3. موږ د مکتب زده کوونکي یو. (We are students of the school.)

4. تاسو څنګه یاست؟ (How are you?)

5. هغوی خوراک کوي. (They are eating.)

Solutions:

1. زه

2. هغه

3. موږ

4. تاسو

5. هغوی

Conclusion

Congratulations on reaching the end of this lesson on subject pronouns in Central Pashto! You’ve learned the forms of subject pronouns, their importance, and how to use them effectively in sentences. Remember, practice is key to mastering a new language, so continue to use these pronouns in your conversations and exercises.

As you progress through this course, always refer back to your understanding of subject pronouns, as they will serve as the foundation for many future lessons. Keep up the great work, and I look forward to seeing you in our next lesson!

Table of Contents - Central Pashto Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Personal Pronouns

• Subject Pronouns
• Object Pronouns

  ---

Numbers and Counting

• Numbers 1-10
• Numbers 11-20

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb
• Negation

  ---

Common Verbs

• Action Verbs
• State Verbs

  ---

Present Tense

• Present Simple
• Present Continuous

  ---

Food and Drink

• Common Foods
• Common Drinks

  ---

Questions

• Yes/No Questions
• Wh-Questions

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives

• Possessive Pronouns
• Possessive Adjectives

  ---

House and Home

• Rooms and Furniture
• Household Chores

  ---

Prepositions

• Common Prepositions
• Prepositions of Place

  ---

Hobbies and Activities

• Common Hobbies
• Sports

  ---

Past Tense

• Past Simple
• Past Continuous

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel Essentials

  ---

Pashtun Customs and Traditions

• Traditional Clothing
• Pashtun Cuisine

Other Lessons

• Wh Questions
• Negation
• Questions
• Common Prepositions
• Conditional Mood
• Object Pronouns
• How to Use Be
• Gender
• Possessive Pronouns
• Possessive Adjectives

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