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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-latvian|Standard Latvian]]  → [[Language/Standard-latvian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Daily life and routines → Numbers and time</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-latvian|Standard Latvian]]  → [[Language/Standard-latvian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and time</div>
 
Welcome to our lesson on '''Standard Latvian Vocabulary''', where we will explore the essential topics of '''numbers''' and '''telling time'''. Mastering these concepts is crucial for everyday conversations, shopping, scheduling, and understanding the rhythm of daily life in Latvia. Whether you're planning a trip, making a new friend, or just want to expand your language skills, knowing how to use numbers and tell time in Latvian will serve you well.
 
In this lesson, we will break down the following topics:


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Cardinal Numbers ===


In this lesson, we will delve into the fascinating world of numbers and time in Standard Latvian. Numbers and time are essential aspects of daily life and routines, and mastering them will greatly enhance your ability to communicate and navigate in Latvian-speaking environments. Whether you're counting, telling the time, or discussing schedules, this lesson will equip you with the vocabulary and grammar necessary to confidently handle these situations.
We will start with '''cardinal numbers''', which are the basic counting numbers we use in everyday situations.  


We will start by learning the cardinal numbers, which are used to count and quantify objects or people. Then, we will explore the ordinal numbers, which are used to indicate the order or position of something in a series. Finally, we will tackle the topic of telling time, including both the formal and informal ways to express it.
==== Introduction to Cardinal Numbers ====


Throughout the lesson, we will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring that you grasp the concepts thoroughly. Additionally, we will uncover any regional variations in the usage or understanding of numbers and time, shedding light on the cultural context in which these concepts are embedded. Get ready for an engaging and comprehensive lesson that will take you one step closer to becoming fluent in Standard Latvian!
Cardinal numbers are used for counting (one, two, three, etc.). They are fundamental in various contexts, such as shopping, telling someone your age, or discussing quantities.


== Cardinal Numbers ==
==== Cardinal Numbers in Standard Latvian ====


=== Counting from 0 to 10 ===
Let’s look at the cardinal numbers from one to ten, along with their pronunciation and English translations:


Let's start by learning the basic numbers from 0 to 10 in Standard Latvian:
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English


{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| nulle || [ˈnul.lɛ] || zero
 
| viens || viɛns || one
 
|-
|-
| viens || [viɛns] || one
 
| divi || diːvi || two
 
|-
|-
| divi || [ˈdi.vi] || two
 
| trīs || triːs || three
 
|-
|-
| trīs || [triːs] || three
 
| četri || t͡ʃɛtri || four
 
|-
|-
| četri || [ˈt͡ʃɛt.ri] || four
 
| pieci || pjeːtsi || five
 
|-
|-
| pieci || [ˈpiɛ.t͡si] || five
 
| seši || sεʃi || six
 
|-
|-
| seši || [ˈsɛ.ʃi] || six
 
| septiņi || sεptiɲi || seven
 
|-
|-
| septiņi || [ˈsɛp.tiɲ.i] || seven
 
| astoņi || aːstoɲi || eight
 
|-
|-
| astoņi || [ˈas.toɲ.i] || eight
 
| deviņi || dεviɲi || nine
 
|-
|-
| deviņi || [ˈdɛ.viɲ.i] || nine
 
|-
| desmit || dɛsmit || ten
| desmit || [ˈdɛs.mit] || ten
 
|}
|}


Take your time to practice pronouncing these numbers, as correct pronunciation is crucial for effective communication. Notice that the pronunciation may vary slightly depending on the speaker, but the general pattern remains the same.
As you move on, you'll notice a pattern in the formation of numbers. For instance, '''eleven''' to '''nineteen''' is formed by adding the suffix "-padsmit" (meaning "teen") to the base number.
 
Here are a few examples:


=== Counting from 11 to 20 ===
{| class="wikitable"


To count from 11 to 20, we use a combination of the word "desmit" (ten) and the numbers from 1 to 9. Here are the numbers from 11 to 20 in Standard Latvian:
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English


{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| vienpadsmit || [viɛnˈpad.smit] || eleven
 
| vienpadsmit || viɛn.pɑd.smɪt || eleven
 
|-
|-
| divpadsmit || [ˈdi.vpad.smit] || twelve
 
| divpadsmit || diːv.pɑd.smɪt || twelve
 
|-
|-
| trīspadsmit || [triːsˈpad.smit] || thirteen
 
| trīspadsmit || triːs.pɑd.smɪt || thirteen
 
|-
|-
| četrpadsmit || [ˈt͡ʃɛt.rpad.smit] || fourteen
 
| četri padsmit || t͡ʃɛtri.pɑd.smɪt || fourteen
 
|-
|-
| piecpadsmit || [ˈpiɛt͡spad.smit] || fifteen
 
| piecpadsmit || pjeːts.pɑd.smɪt || fifteen
 
|-
|-
| sešpadsmit || [ˈsɛʃ.pad.smit] || sixteen
 
| sešpadsmit || sεʃ.pɑd.smɪt || sixteen
 
|-
|-
| septiņpadsmit || [ˈsɛp.tiɲ.pad.smit] || seventeen
 
| septiņpadsmit || sεptiɲ.pɑd.smɪt || seventeen
 
|-
|-
| astoņpadsmit || [ˈas.ton.pad.smit] || eighteen
 
| astoņpadsmit || aːstoɲ.pɑd.smɪt || eighteen
 
|-
|-
| deviņpadsmit || [ˈdɛ.viɲ.pad.smit] || nineteen
 
|-
| deviņpadsmit || dεviɲ.pɑd.smɪt || nineteen
| divdesmit || [ˈdi.vdɛs.mit] || twenty
 
|}
|}


Notice that the numbers from 11 to 19 are formed by adding the suffix "-padsmit" to the corresponding number from 1 to 9. However, the number 10 is expressed with the standalone word "desmit". Once you have memorized these numbers, you will be able to count up to 20 in Latvian!
The number '''twenty''' is '''divdesmit''' (diːv.dɛs.mɪt), and you can build upon this to create higher numbers, for instance:
 
* '''Twenty-one''': divdesmit viens (diːv.dɛs.mɪt viɛns)
 
* '''Twenty-two''': divdesmit divi (diːv.dɛs.mɪt diːvi)
 
And so on, continuing this pattern for each decade.
 
==== Larger Numbers ====
 
When you reach hundreds and thousands, the structure is similar.
 
* '''One hundred''': simts (sɪmts)
 
* '''Two hundred''': divsimti (diːv.sɪm.ti)
 
* '''One thousand''': tūkstotis (tuːk.sto.tis)


=== Counting by Tens ===
You can combine these numbers similarly to create larger ones.


To count by tens in Standard Latvian, we use a similar pattern as in English. Here are the tens from 30 to 100:
=== Ordinal Numbers ===
 
Next, we’ll explore '''ordinal numbers''', which are used to indicate position or order (first, second, third, etc.).
 
==== Introduction to Ordinal Numbers ====
 
Ordinal numbers are essential when you are discussing dates, rankings, or sequences.
 
==== Ordinal Numbers in Standard Latvian ====
 
Here are the first ten ordinal numbers in Latvian:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| trīsdesmit || [triːsˈdɛs.mit] || thirty
 
| pirmais || pɪr.mɛjs || first
 
|-
|-
| četrdesmit || [ˈt͡ʃɛt.rˌdɛs.mit] || forty
 
| otrais || ɔ.trais || second
 
|-
|-
| piecdesmit || [ˈpiɛt͡sˌdɛs.mit] || fifty
 
| trešais || trɛ.ʃais || third
 
|-
|-
| sešdesmit || [ˈsɛʃˌdɛs.mit] || sixty
 
| ceturtais || t͡sɛ.tur.tais || fourth
 
|-
|-
| septiņdesmit || [ˈsɛp.tiɲˌdɛs.mit] || seventy
 
| piektais || pjeːk.tais || fifth
 
|-
|-
| astoņdesmit || [ˈas.tonˌdɛs.mit] || eighty
 
| sesto || sεs.tɔ || sixth
 
|-
|-
| deviņdesmit || [ˈdɛ.viɲˌdɛs.mit] || ninety
 
| septītais || sεp.ti.tais || seventh
 
|-
|-
| simts || [siːmts] || one hundred
|}


Notice that the numbers from 30 to 90 are formed by adding the suffix "-desmit" to the corresponding number from 3 to 9. The number 100 is expressed by the standalone word "simts".
| astotais || aːs.tɔ.tais || eighth


=== Counting beyond 100 ===
|-


Once you have mastered the numbers from 0 to 100, counting beyond 100 becomes relatively straightforward. Here are some examples to help you practice:
| devītais || dε.vī.tais || ninth


{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| simts viens || [siːmts viɛns] || one hundred one
 
|-
| desmitais || dɛs.mi.tais || tenth
| divi simti trīsdesmit || [ˈdi.vi siːm.ti triːsˈdɛs.mit] || two hundred thirty
 
|-
| četri simti piecdesmit septiņi || [ˈt͡ʃɛt.ri siːm.ti ˈpiɛt͡sˌdɛs.mit ˈsɛp.tiɲ.i] || four hundred fifty-seven
|-
| pieci simti sešdesmit astoņi || [ˈpiɛt͡si siːm.ti ˈsɛʃˌdɛs.mit ˈas.tonˌdɛs.mit] || five hundred sixty-eight
|-
| deviņi simti deviņdesmit deviņi || [ˈdɛ.viɲ.i siːm.ti ˈdɛ.viɲˌdɛs.mit ˈdɛ.viɲ.i] || nine hundred ninety-nine
|-
| tūkstoš || [ˈtuːk.stoʃ] || one thousand
|-
| divi tūkstoši pieci simti divdesmit trīs || [ˈdi.vi ˈtuːk.stoʃi ˈpiɛt͡si siːm.ti ˈdi.vdɛs.mit triːs] || two thousand five hundred twenty-three
|-
| miljons || [ˈmil.jons] || one million
|}
|}


As you can see, the pattern for counting beyond 100 follows the same structure as in English. You simply combine the relevant numbers and units (hundred, thousand, million) to express larger quantities.
As you can see, the formation of ordinal numbers is relatively straightforward. For numbers beyond ten, you simply continue the pattern. For example:
 
* '''Eleventh''': vienpadsmitais (viɛn.pɑd.smɪt.ais)
 
* '''Twelfth''': divpadsmitais (diːv.pɑd.smɪt.ais)
 
You can use ordinal numbers when describing days of the month as well. For instance, '''the first of April''' would translate to '''pirmais aprīlis''' (pɪr.mɛjs a.priː.lis).


== Ordinal Numbers ==
=== Telling Time ===


=== Forming Ordinal Numbers ===
Now that we've covered numbers, let's tackle '''telling time''' in Latvian.


Ordinal numbers are used to indicate the order or position of something in a series. In Standard Latvian, ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-tais" or "-tā" to the cardinal number. Here are the ordinal numbers from 1st to 10th:
==== Introduction to Telling Time ====
 
Being able to tell the time is a vital skill for any language learner. It allows you to engage in conversations about plans, appointments, and routines.
 
==== How to Tell Time in Standard Latvian ====
 
In Latvian, the structure for telling time is quite straightforward. You typically start with "ir" (is) followed by the hour and then the minutes.
 
'''Examples of Telling Time:'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| pirmais || [ˈpiɾ.mɑjs] || first
 
| Ir viens || ir viɛns || It is one o'clock
 
|-
|-
| otrais || [ˈot.ɾɑjs] || second
 
| Ir divi || ir diːvi || It is two o'clock
 
|-
|-
| trešais || [ˈtɾɛ.ʃɑjs] || third
 
| Ir trīs || ir triːs || It is three o'clock
 
|-
|-
| ceturtais || [ˈt͡sɛu̯ɾ.tɑjs] || fourth
 
| Ir četri || ir t͡ʃɛtri || It is four o'clock
 
|-
|-
| piektais || [ˈpiɛktɑjs] || fifth
 
| Ir pieci || ir pjeːtsi || It is five o'clock
 
|-
|-
| sestais || [ˈsɛs.tɑjs] || sixth
 
| Ir seši || ir sεʃi || It is six o'clock
 
|-
|-
| septītais || [ˈsɛp.tiːtɑjs] || seventh
 
| Ir septiņi || ir sεptiɲi || It is seven o'clock
 
|-
|-
| astotais || [ˈɑs.to.tɑjs] || eighth
 
| Ir astoņi || ir aːstoɲi || It is eight o'clock
 
|-
|-
| devītais || [ˈdɛ.viːtɑjs] || ninth
 
| Ir deviņi || ir dεviɲi || It is nine o'clock
 
|-
|-
| desmitais || [ˈdɛs.mi.tɑjs] || tenth
 
| Ir desmit || ir dɛsmit || It is ten o'clock
 
|}
|}


Notice that the suffix "-tais" is used for masculine nouns and the suffix "-tā" is used for feminine nouns. The ordinal numbers agree in gender with the noun they modify.
When it comes to minutes, you can add them after the hour.
 
For example:
 
* '''It is one fifteen''' would be '''Ir viens un piecpadsmit''' (ir viɛns un pjeːk.pɑd.smɪt).
 
* '''It is two thirty''' would be '''Ir divi un trīsdesmit''' (ir diːvi un triːs.dɛs.mɪt).
 
If you are telling time using the half-hour, you can use the phrase '''pusstundas''' (half an hour).
 
* '''It is one thirty''': '''Ir viens un pusstundas''' (ir viɛns un pus.stun.das).
 
==== Asking for the Time ====
 
To ask for the time, you can simply say:
 
* '''Cik ir pulkstenis?''' (t͡sik ir pulk.ste.nis?) – What time is it?
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that we've covered the basics, let’s put your new knowledge to the test with some exercises!


=== Exceptions in Ordinal Numbers ===
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====


While forming ordinal numbers is generally straightforward, there are a few exceptions to be aware of. Here are some irregular ordinal numbers that do not follow the usual pattern:
Fill in the blanks with the correct cardinal number.


{| class="wikitable"
1. Man ir _____ gadi. (I am ___ years old.)
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
2. Mums ir _____ kaķi. (We have ___ cats.)
| pirmkārt || [ˈpiɾm.kɑːrt] || first (when referring to a sequence)
 
|-
'''Answers:'''
| pēdējais || [ˈpeː.deː.jɑjs] || last
 
|-
1. viens (one)
| vienpadsmitais || [viɛnˈpɑds.mi.tɑjs] || eleventh
 
|-
2. divi (two)
| divpadsmitais || [ˈdi.vpɑds.mi.tɑjs] || twelfth
|-
| simtais || [ˈsim.tɑjs] || hundredth
|}


As you can see, these exceptions have their own unique forms and cannot be derived from the cardinal numbers.
==== Exercise 2: Translate the Numbers ====


=== Using Ordinal Numbers ===
Translate the following numbers from English to Latvian.


Ordinal numbers are commonly used in various contexts, such as indicating dates, ranks, or positions. Here are some examples:
1. Seven


* Pirmais janvāris - "January first" (1st of January)
2. Eleven
* Otrais stāsts - "second story" (second floor)
* Trešais mājasdarbs - "third homework assignment"
* Ceturtais pulciņš - "fourth club" (fourth place in a competition)
* Piektais laiks - "fifth time" (fifth attempt)


Remember that ordinal numbers agree in gender with the noun they modify, so make sure to match the gender correctly.
3. Eighteen


== Telling Time ==
'''Answers:'''


=== The 24-Hour Clock ===
1. septiņi


When telling time in Standard Latvian, the 24-hour clock is commonly used. This means that the day is divided into 24 hours, with each hour represented by a number from 0 to 23. To express the time, we use the word "stunda" (hour) followed by the hour and minute. Here are some examples:
2. vienpadsmit


* Ir divpadsmit stunda - "It is twelve o'clock" (12:00)
3. astoņpadsmit
* Ir divpadsmit stunda septiņpadsmit minūtes - "It is twelve seventeen" (12:17)
* Ir piecdesmit trīs stunda piecdesmit deviņas minūtes - "It is fifty-three fifty-nine" (23:59)


When minutes are mentioned, we use the word "minūte" (minute) in its plural form. Notice that minutes are stated after the hour, separated by the word "minūtes".
==== Exercise 3: Ordering the Days ====


=== The 12-Hour Clock ===
Write out the following ordinal numbers in Latvian.


While the 24-hour clock is the standard in Latvia, it is also common to use the 12-hour clock, especially in informal settings or when referring to specific times of the day. To express time in the 12-hour clock, we use the words "no rīta" (in the morning), "pēcpusdienā" (in the afternoon), "vakarā" (in the evening), or "naktī" (at night) followed by the hour and minute. Here are some examples:
1. Fourth


* Ir piecas no rīta - "It is five in the morning" (5:00 AM)
2. Sixth
* Ir divas pēcpusdienā - "It is two in the afternoon" (2:00 PM)
* Ir septiņas vakarā piecpadsmit minūtes - "It is seven fifteen in the evening" (7:15 PM)
* Ir deviņas naktī trīsdesmit viena minūte - "It is nine thirty-one at night" (9:31 PM)


When minutes are mentioned, we use the word "minūte" (minute) in its singular form. Notice that minutes are stated after the hour, separated by the word "minūte".
3. Tenth


=== Asking for the Time ===
'''Answers:'''


To ask for the time in Standard Latvian, you can use the following phrases:
1. ceturtais


* Cik ir pulkstenis? - "What time is it?"
2. sestais
* Kurš ir laiks? - "What time is it?"
* Kāds ir pulkstenis? - "What time is it?"


These phrases are used in both formal and informal situations. Remember to use the appropriate form of "būt" (to be) when responding to these questions.
3. desmitais


== Cultural Insights ==
==== Exercise 4: Telling Time ====


In Latvian culture, punctuality is highly valued. Latvians are known for being conscientious about time and expect others to be as well. Arriving late to an appointment or a social gathering without a valid reason is considered disrespectful. Therefore, it is important to be mindful of the time and make an effort to be punctual when interacting with Latvian speakers.
Translate the following sentences into Latvian.


Another cultural aspect related to time is the celebration of Name Days (Vārda dienas) in Latvia. In addition to birthdays, Latvians also celebrate their Name Days, which are associated with specific names. Each day of the year is assigned one or more names, and individuals who bear those names celebrate their Name Day on that particular day. Name Days are considered important occasions and are often celebrated with family and friends.
1. It is three o'clock.


== Exercises ==
2. It is one thirty.


Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of numbers and time in Standard Latvian.
'''Answers:'''


=== Exercise 1: Cardinal Numbers ===
1. Ir trīs.


1. Write the following numbers in Standard Latvian:
2. Ir viens un pusstundas.


a) 15
==== Exercise 5: Ask for the Time ====
b) 29
c) 46
d) 83
e) 99


2. Translate the following numbers into English:
Practice asking for the time in Latvian.  


a) 12
1. How do you say "What time is it?" in Latvian?
b) 37
c) 51
d) 68
e) 75


3. Fill in the blanks with the correct cardinal numbers:
'''Answer:'''


a) ___ stunda ir? (What time is it?)
Cik ir pulkstenis?
b) Ir ___ pulkstenis. (It is one o'clock.)
c) ___ minūtes ir pagājušas. (Thirty minutes have passed.)


=== Exercise 2: Ordinal Numbers ===
==== Exercise 6: Describe Your Day ====


1. Write the following ordinal numbers in Standard Latvian:
Use the cardinal numbers to describe your daily schedule as follows:


a) 3rd
* I wake up at seven.
b) 9th
c) 14th
d) 27th
e) 50th


2. Translate the following ordinal numbers into English:
* I eat breakfast at eight.


a) 5th
'''Example Answers:'''
b) 11th
c) 19th
d) 23rd
e) 30th


3. Fill in the blanks with the correct ordinal numbers:
* Es mostos septiņos.


a) Tas ir ___ stāvs. (It is the second floor.)
* Es ēdu brokastis astoņos.
b) Viņš ir ___ vietā. (He is in the third place.)
c) Mēs svinam ___ gadadienu. (We are celebrating the tenth anniversary.)


=== Exercise 3: Telling Time ===
==== Exercise 7: Create a Dialogue ====


1. Write the following times in Standard Latvian (24-hour clock):
Write a short dialogue using numbers and telling time.


a) 9:45 AM
'''Example:'''
b) 6:30 PM
c) 11:20 PM
d) 4:15 AM
e) 1:55 PM


2. Translate the following times into English (12-hour clock):
A: Cik ir pulkstenis? (What time is it?)


a) 17:30
B: Ir pieci. (It is five.)
b) 8:45
c) 2:10
d) 12:00
e) 19:20


3. Answer the following questions in Standard Latvian:
==== Exercise 8: Number Combinations ====


a) Cik ir pulkstenis? (What time is it?)
Combine the numbers to create larger numbers.
b) Kurš ir laiks? (What time is it?)
c) Kāds ir pulkstenis? (What time is it?)


== Solutions ==
1. Twenty-three


=== Exercise 1: Cardinal Numbers ===
2. Thirty-five


1. Write the following numbers in Standard Latvian:
'''Answers:'''


a) 15 - piecpadsmit
1. divdesmit trīs
b) 29 - divdesmit deviņi
c) 46 - četrdesmit seši
d) 83 - astoņdesmit trīs
e) 99 - deviņdesmit deviņi


2. Translate the following numbers into English:
2. trīsdesmit pieci


a) 12 - twelve
==== Exercise 9: Arrange in Order ====
b) 37 - thirty-seven
c) 51 - fifty-one
d) 68 - sixty-eight
e) 75 - seventy-five


3. Fill in the blanks with the correct cardinal numbers:
Put the following ordinal numbers in order:


a) Cik stunda ir? (What time is it?)
1. Fifth
b) Ir viena pulkstenis. (It is one o'clock.)
c) Trīsdesmit minūtes ir pagājušas. (Thirty minutes have passed.)


=== Exercise 2: Ordinal Numbers ===
2. First


1. Write the following ordinal numbers in Standard Latvian:
3. Third


a) 3rd - trešais
'''Answers:'''
b) 9th - devītais
c) 14th - četrpadsmitais
d) 27th - divdesmit septītais
e) 50th - piecdesmitais


2. Translate the following ordinal numbers into English:
1. pirmais


a) 5th - fifth
2. trešais
b) 11th - eleventh
c) 19th - nineteenth
d) 23rd - twenty-third
e) 30th - thirtieth


3. Fill in the blanks with the correct ordinal numbers:
3. piektais


a) Tas ir otrais stāvs. (It is the second floor.)
==== Exercise 10: Time Practice ====
b) Viņš ir trešajā vietā. (He is in the third place.)
c) Mēs svinam desmito gadadienu. (We are celebrating the tenth anniversary.)


=== Exercise 3: Telling Time ===
How would you say the following times in Latvian?


1. Write the following times in Standard Latvian (24-hour clock):
1. It is four fifteen.


a) 9:45 AM - Deviņas četrdesmit piecas
2. It is seven thirty.
b) 6:30 PM - Astoņas trīsdesmit
c) 11:20 PM - Divpadsmit stunda divdesmit minūtes
d) 4:15 AM - Četras piecdesmit piecas
e) 1:55 PM - Trīs stunda piecdesmit piecas


2. Translate the following times into English (12-hour clock):
'''Answers:'''


a) 17:30 - 5:30 PM
1. Ir četri un piecpadsmit.
b) 8:45 - 8:45 AM
c) 2:10 - 2:10 AM
d) 12:00 - 12:00 PM
e) 19:20 - 7:20 PM


3. Answer the following questions in Standard Latvian:
2. Ir septiņi un trīsdesmit.


a) Cik ir pulkstenis? (What time is it?) - ... (provide the current time)
=== Conclusion ===
b) Kurš ir laiks? (What time is it?) - ... (provide the current time)
c) Kāds ir pulkstenis? (What time is it?) - ... (provide the current time)


== Conclusion ==
Congratulations! You've just taken significant steps toward mastering the basic vocabulary of numbers and telling time in Standard Latvian. These skills will enrich your conversations and daily interactions as you continue on your language learning journey. Remember, practice makes perfect, so don’t hesitate to use numbers and time in your conversations as often as you can.


Congratulations! You have successfully learned the cardinal and ordinal numbers, as well as how to tell time in Standard Latvian. These skills will greatly enhance your ability to communicate and navigate in Latvian-speaking environments. Remember to practice regularly to reinforce your knowledge and develop your fluency. Keep up the great work, and continue on your journey to becoming fluent in Standard Latvian!
Keep challenging yourself, and soon you'll find that communicating in Latvian becomes second nature. Happy learning!


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|title=Standard Latvian Vocabulary: Numbers and Time
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Latest revision as of 17:44, 1 August 2024

◀️ Greetings and introductions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Family and relationships ▶️

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Standard Latvian → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Numbers and time

Welcome to our lesson on Standard Latvian Vocabulary, where we will explore the essential topics of numbers and telling time. Mastering these concepts is crucial for everyday conversations, shopping, scheduling, and understanding the rhythm of daily life in Latvia. Whether you're planning a trip, making a new friend, or just want to expand your language skills, knowing how to use numbers and tell time in Latvian will serve you well.

In this lesson, we will break down the following topics:

Cardinal Numbers[edit | edit source]

We will start with cardinal numbers, which are the basic counting numbers we use in everyday situations.

Introduction to Cardinal Numbers[edit | edit source]

Cardinal numbers are used for counting (one, two, three, etc.). They are fundamental in various contexts, such as shopping, telling someone your age, or discussing quantities.

Cardinal Numbers in Standard Latvian[edit | edit source]

Let’s look at the cardinal numbers from one to ten, along with their pronunciation and English translations:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
viens viɛns one
divi diːvi two
trīs triːs three
četri t͡ʃɛtri four
pieci pjeːtsi five
seši sεʃi six
septiņi sεptiɲi seven
astoņi aːstoɲi eight
deviņi dεviɲi nine
desmit dɛsmit ten

As you move on, you'll notice a pattern in the formation of numbers. For instance, eleven to nineteen is formed by adding the suffix "-padsmit" (meaning "teen") to the base number.

Here are a few examples:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
vienpadsmit viɛn.pɑd.smɪt eleven
divpadsmit diːv.pɑd.smɪt twelve
trīspadsmit triːs.pɑd.smɪt thirteen
četri padsmit t͡ʃɛtri.pɑd.smɪt fourteen
piecpadsmit pjeːts.pɑd.smɪt fifteen
sešpadsmit sεʃ.pɑd.smɪt sixteen
septiņpadsmit sεptiɲ.pɑd.smɪt seventeen
astoņpadsmit aːstoɲ.pɑd.smɪt eighteen
deviņpadsmit dεviɲ.pɑd.smɪt nineteen

The number twenty is divdesmit (diːv.dɛs.mɪt), and you can build upon this to create higher numbers, for instance:

  • Twenty-one: divdesmit viens (diːv.dɛs.mɪt viɛns)
  • Twenty-two: divdesmit divi (diːv.dɛs.mɪt diːvi)

And so on, continuing this pattern for each decade.

Larger Numbers[edit | edit source]

When you reach hundreds and thousands, the structure is similar.

  • One hundred: simts (sɪmts)
  • Two hundred: divsimti (diːv.sɪm.ti)
  • One thousand: tūkstotis (tuːk.sto.tis)

You can combine these numbers similarly to create larger ones.

Ordinal Numbers[edit | edit source]

Next, we’ll explore ordinal numbers, which are used to indicate position or order (first, second, third, etc.).

Introduction to Ordinal Numbers[edit | edit source]

Ordinal numbers are essential when you are discussing dates, rankings, or sequences.

Ordinal Numbers in Standard Latvian[edit | edit source]

Here are the first ten ordinal numbers in Latvian:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
pirmais pɪr.mɛjs first
otrais ɔ.trais second
trešais trɛ.ʃais third
ceturtais t͡sɛ.tur.tais fourth
piektais pjeːk.tais fifth
sesto sεs.tɔ sixth
septītais sεp.ti.tais seventh
astotais aːs.tɔ.tais eighth
devītais dε.vī.tais ninth
desmitais dɛs.mi.tais tenth

As you can see, the formation of ordinal numbers is relatively straightforward. For numbers beyond ten, you simply continue the pattern. For example:

  • Eleventh: vienpadsmitais (viɛn.pɑd.smɪt.ais)
  • Twelfth: divpadsmitais (diːv.pɑd.smɪt.ais)

You can use ordinal numbers when describing days of the month as well. For instance, the first of April would translate to pirmais aprīlis (pɪr.mɛjs a.priː.lis).

Telling Time[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered numbers, let's tackle telling time in Latvian.

Introduction to Telling Time[edit | edit source]

Being able to tell the time is a vital skill for any language learner. It allows you to engage in conversations about plans, appointments, and routines.

How to Tell Time in Standard Latvian[edit | edit source]

In Latvian, the structure for telling time is quite straightforward. You typically start with "ir" (is) followed by the hour and then the minutes.

Examples of Telling Time:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
Ir viens ir viɛns It is one o'clock
Ir divi ir diːvi It is two o'clock
Ir trīs ir triːs It is three o'clock
Ir četri ir t͡ʃɛtri It is four o'clock
Ir pieci ir pjeːtsi It is five o'clock
Ir seši ir sεʃi It is six o'clock
Ir septiņi ir sεptiɲi It is seven o'clock
Ir astoņi ir aːstoɲi It is eight o'clock
Ir deviņi ir dεviɲi It is nine o'clock
Ir desmit ir dɛsmit It is ten o'clock

When it comes to minutes, you can add them after the hour.

For example:

  • It is one fifteen would be Ir viens un piecpadsmit (ir viɛns un pjeːk.pɑd.smɪt).
  • It is two thirty would be Ir divi un trīsdesmit (ir diːvi un triːs.dɛs.mɪt).

If you are telling time using the half-hour, you can use the phrase pusstundas (half an hour).

  • It is one thirty: Ir viens un pusstundas (ir viɛns un pus.stun.das).

Asking for the Time[edit | edit source]

To ask for the time, you can simply say:

  • Cik ir pulkstenis? (t͡sik ir pulk.ste.nis?) – What time is it?

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the basics, let’s put your new knowledge to the test with some exercises!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct cardinal number.

1. Man ir _____ gadi. (I am ___ years old.)

2. Mums ir _____ kaķi. (We have ___ cats.)

Answers:

1. viens (one)

2. divi (two)

Exercise 2: Translate the Numbers[edit | edit source]

Translate the following numbers from English to Latvian.

1. Seven

2. Eleven

3. Eighteen

Answers:

1. septiņi

2. vienpadsmit

3. astoņpadsmit

Exercise 3: Ordering the Days[edit | edit source]

Write out the following ordinal numbers in Latvian.

1. Fourth

2. Sixth

3. Tenth

Answers:

1. ceturtais

2. sestais

3. desmitais

Exercise 4: Telling Time[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Latvian.

1. It is three o'clock.

2. It is one thirty.

Answers:

1. Ir trīs.

2. Ir viens un pusstundas.

Exercise 5: Ask for the Time[edit | edit source]

Practice asking for the time in Latvian.

1. How do you say "What time is it?" in Latvian?

Answer:

Cik ir pulkstenis?

Exercise 6: Describe Your Day[edit | edit source]

Use the cardinal numbers to describe your daily schedule as follows:

  • I wake up at seven.
  • I eat breakfast at eight.

Example Answers:

  • Es mostos septiņos.
  • Es ēdu brokastis astoņos.

Exercise 7: Create a Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Write a short dialogue using numbers and telling time.

Example:

A: Cik ir pulkstenis? (What time is it?)

B: Ir pieci. (It is five.)

Exercise 8: Number Combinations[edit | edit source]

Combine the numbers to create larger numbers.

1. Twenty-three

2. Thirty-five

Answers:

1. divdesmit trīs

2. trīsdesmit pieci

Exercise 9: Arrange in Order[edit | edit source]

Put the following ordinal numbers in order:

1. Fifth

2. First

3. Third

Answers:

1. pirmais

2. trešais

3. piektais

Exercise 10: Time Practice[edit | edit source]

How would you say the following times in Latvian?

1. It is four fifteen.

2. It is seven thirty.

Answers:

1. Ir četri un piecpadsmit.

2. Ir septiņi un trīsdesmit.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You've just taken significant steps toward mastering the basic vocabulary of numbers and telling time in Standard Latvian. These skills will enrich your conversations and daily interactions as you continue on your language learning journey. Remember, practice makes perfect, so don’t hesitate to use numbers and time in your conversations as often as you can.

Keep challenging yourself, and soon you'll find that communicating in Latvian becomes second nature. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Standard Latvian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Latvian grammar


Daily life and routines


Latvian traditions and customs


Verbs and tenses


Going shopping and using public transport


Latvian geography and landmarks


Adverbs and prepositions


Leisure activities and hobbies


Latvian arts and museums


The accusative case and indirect objects


Education and employment


Latvian history and politics


Conditional and subjunctive mood


Travel and tourism


Latvian culture and identity


The genitive and possessive forms


Health and wellness


Latvian sports and outdoor activities


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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