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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Georgian|Georgian]]  → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Georgian|Georgian]]  → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>
 
Welcome to this exciting lesson on the '''Present Tense''' in Georgian! Understanding how to express actions happening now is vital for effective communication in any language. In Georgian, the present tense is not just about "what is happening"; it also conveys habitual actions and general truths. As you embark on this journey, you'll find that learning the present tense opens up a whole new dimension of expressing yourself in Georgian.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the structure of the Georgian present tense, how to conjugate regular verbs, and some common irregular verbs. We will also provide plenty of examples to help you grasp the concepts, along with exercises to solidify your understanding.
 
Here’s a quick overview of what you'll learn today:
 
1. '''Understanding the Present Tense in Georgian'''
 
2. '''Regular Verb Conjugation'''
 
3. '''Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense'''
 
4. '''Common Expressions Using the Present Tense'''
 
5. '''Practice Exercises'''


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Understanding the Present Tense in Georgian ===
 
In Georgian, the present tense is formed differently than in English. While English often relies on auxiliary verbs, Georgian uses specific endings based on the subject of the sentence. The present tense is used to indicate actions that are currently happening, habitual actions, and general truths.
 
Before diving into conjugation, let’s take a look at how the present tense works in Georgian.


Welcome to the lesson on the present tense in Georgian! In this lesson, we will explore how to conjugate verbs in the present tense. The present tense is used to talk about actions that are happening now or regularly. It is an essential part of mastering the Georgian language and will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in various situations.
* '''Subject Pronouns''': The subject pronouns in Georgian are quite straightforward. Here’s a quick list:


Throughout this lesson, we will provide you with clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging exercises to help you grasp the concept of the present tense in Georgian. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently conjugate verbs in the present tense and use them in your daily conversations.
* '''მე''' (me) - I


Let's get started!
* '''შენ''' (shen) - you (singular, informal)


== Conjugating Verbs in the Present Tense ==
* '''ის''' (is) - he/she/it


In Georgian, verbs in the present tense undergo changes in their endings depending on the subject of the sentence. These changes are known as conjugations. To conjugate a verb in the present tense, you need to identify the subject and apply the appropriate conjugation rules.
* '''ჩვენ''' (chven) - we


=== Conjugation Patterns ===
* '''თქვენ''' (tkven) - you (plural or formal)


Georgian verbs can be divided into three categories based on their infinitive endings: -ება (-eba), -ობა (-oba), and -აბა (-aba). Each category has its own set of conjugation patterns. Let's explore each category and its conjugation patterns in detail.
* '''ისინი''' (isini) - they


==== Verbs Ending in -ება (-eba) ====
=== Regular Verb Conjugation ===


Verbs ending in -ება (-eba) follow the following conjugation pattern in the present tense:
Regular verbs in Georgian typically follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the present tense. Let's take the verb '''"წერო"''' (ts'ero - to write) as an example. Here's how it conjugates:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Subject Pronoun !! Conjugated Form !! English Translation
 
|-
|-
| მიყვარხარ (miqvarxar) || mee-kvar-khar || I love
 
| მე (me) || ვწერ (vts'er) || I write
 
|-
|-
| მიყვარხარ (miqvarxar) || mee-kvar-khar || You love
 
| შენ (shen) || წერ (ts'er) || you write
 
|-
|-
| მიყვარხეს (miqvarxes) || mee-kvar-khes || He/She/It loves
 
| ის (is) || წერს (ts'ers) || he/she/it writes
 
|-
|-
| მიყვარხართ (miqvarxart) || mee-kvar-khart || We love
 
| ჩვენ (chven) || ვწერთ (vts'ert) || we write
 
|-
|-
| მიყვარხეს (miqvarxes) || mee-kvar-khes || You love (plural)
 
| თქვენ (tkven) || წერთ (ts'ert) || you write (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| მიყვარხენ (miqvarxen) || mee-kvar-khen || They love
 
| ისინი (isini) || წერენ (ts'eren) || they write
 
|}
|}


==== Verbs Ending in -ობა (-oba) ====
== Conjugation Pattern
 
The pattern for regular verbs typically involves adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. The endings change based on the subject pronoun:
 
* '''I''': -ვ (v)
 
* '''You (singular)''': -თ (t)
 
* '''He/She/It''': -ს (s)
 
* '''We''': -ვ (v)
 
* '''You (plural/formal)''': -თ (t)
 
* '''They''': -ენ (en)
 
== More Examples of Regular Verbs
 
Now, let’s explore more examples of regular verbs conjugated in the present tense:
 
1. '''მზერა''' (mzera - to gaze)
 
2. '''სმენა''' (smena - to listen)
 
3. '''თანადგილი''' (tanadgili - to gather)


Verbs ending in -ობა (-oba) follow the following conjugation pattern in the present tense:
Here’s how they conjugate:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Verb !! Subject Pronoun !! Conjugated Form !! English Translation
 
|-
 
| მზერა (mzera) || მე (me) || ვმზერავ (vmzerav) || I gaze
 
|-
 
|  || შენ (shen) || მზერავ (mzerav) || you gaze
 
|-
 
|  || ის (is) || მზერს (mzers) || he/she/it gazes
 
|-
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვმზერთ (vmzert) || we gaze
 
|-
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || მზერთ (mzeret) || you gaze (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
|  || ისინი (isini) || მზერენ (mzeran) || they gaze
 
|-
 
| სმენა (smena) || მე (me) || ვუსმენ (vusmen) || I listen
 
|-
 
|  || შენ (shen) || უსმენ (usmen) || you listen
 
|-
 
|  || ის (is) || უსმენს (usmens) || he/she/it listens
 
|-
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვუსმენთ (vusment) || we listen
 
|-
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || უსმენთ (usment) || you listen (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
|  || ისინი (isini) || უსმენენ (usmenen) || they listen
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || I am
 
| თანადგილი (tanadgili) || მე (me) || ვთანადგილობ (vtanadgilib) || I gather
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || You are
 
| || შენ (shen) || თანადგილობ (tanadgilib) || you gather
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || He/She/It is
 
| || ის (is) || თანადგილობს (tanadgilibs) || he/she/it gathers
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || We are
 
| || ჩვენ (chven) || ვთანადგილობთ (vtanadgilibt) || we gather
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || You are (plural)
 
| || თქვენ (tkven) || თანადგილობთ (tanadgilibt) || you gather (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || They are
 
| || ისინი (isini) || თანადგილობენ (tanadgiliben) || they gather
 
|}
|}


==== Verbs Ending in -აბა (-aba) ====
=== Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense ===
 
Not all verbs in Georgian conform to the regular conjugation patterns. Some verbs are irregular and do not follow the standard endings. Here, we will focus on a few commonly used irregular verbs.
 
1. '''ყოფნა''' (qopna - to be)
 
2. '''მიცემა''' (mits'ema - to give)
 
3. '''ხატვა''' (khatva - to draw)


Verbs ending in -აბა (-aba) follow the following conjugation pattern in the present tense:
Let's take a look at how these verbs conjugate in the present tense:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Verb !! Subject Pronoun !! Conjugated Form !! English Translation
 
|-
 
| ყოფნა (qopna) || მე (me) || ვარ (var) || I am
 
|-
 
|  || შენ (shen) || ხარ (khar) || you are
 
|-
 
|  || ის (is) || არის (aris) || he/she/it is
 
|-
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვართ (vart) || we are
 
|-
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || ხართ (khart) || you are (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
|  || ისინი (isini) || არიან (arian) || they are
 
|-
 
| მიცემა (mits'ema) || მე (me) || ვმიცემ (vmits'em) || I give
 
|-
 
|  || შენ (shen) || მიცემ (mits'em) || you give
 
|-
 
|  || ის (is) || მიცემს (mits'ems) || he/she/it gives
 
|-
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვმიცემთ (vmits'emt) || we give
 
|-
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || მიცემთ (mits'emt) || you give (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
|  || ისინი (isini) || მიცემენ (mits'emen) || they give
 
|-
 
| ხატვა (khatva) || მე (me) || ვხატავ (vkh'at'av) || I draw
 
|-
 
|  || შენ (shen) || ხატავ (kh'at'av) || you draw
 
|-
 
|  || ის (is) || ხატავს (kh'at'avs) || he/she/it draws
 
|-
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვხატავთ (vkh'at'avt) || we draw
 
|-
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || ხატავთ (kh'at'avt) || you draw (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || I do
 
| || ისინი (isini) || ხატავენ (kh'at'aven) || they draw
 
|}
 
=== Common Expressions Using the Present Tense ===
 
Now that you have a good handle on conjugating verbs in the present tense, let's look at some common expressions that utilize this tense. These expressions will help you to communicate more naturally in everyday situations.
 
1. '''მე მიყვარს''' (me miqvars - I love)
 
2. '''შენ გიყვარს''' (shen giqvars - you love)
 
3. '''ის იტყვის''' (is itq'vis - he/she/it says)
 
4. '''ჩვენ ვსვამთ''' (chven vsvamth - we drink)
 
5. '''თქვენ ხართ''' (tkven khart - you are)
 
Here’s a table with these expressions:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Expression !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || You do
 
| მე მიყვარს (me miqvars) || me miqvars || I love
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || He/She/It does
 
| შენ გიყვარს (shen giqvars) || shen giqvars || you love
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || We do
 
| ის იტყვის (is itq'vis) || is itq'vis || he/she/it says
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || You do (plural)
 
| ჩვენ ვსვამთ (chven vsvamth) || chven vsvamth || we drink
 
|-
|-
| ვინცაა (vintsaa) || veen-tsaa || They do
 
| თქვენ ხართ (tkven khart) || tkven khart || you are
 
|}
|}


=== Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense ===
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
To reinforce what you've learned, here are some practice exercises. Don’t worry; I’ll provide detailed solutions and explanations after each exercise to help clarify your understanding.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct present tense forms of the verbs in parentheses.
 
1. მე (წერა) __________ წერილი.
 
2. შენ (მოსმენა) __________ კარგი მუსიკა.
 
3. ის (ყოფნა) __________ ექიმი.
 
4. ჩვენ (ხატვა) __________ სურათი.
 
5. თქვენ (მიცემა) __________ წიგნი.
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 1 ====
 
1. მე ვწერ (me vts'er) წერილი. - I write a letter.
 
2. შენ უსმენ (shen usmen) კარგი მუსიკა. - You listen to good music.
 
3. ის არის (is aris) ექიმი. - He/She is a doctor.
 
4. ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) სურათი. - We draw a picture.
 
5. თქვენ მიცემთ (tkven mits'emth) წიგნი. - You give a book.
 
==== Exercise 2: Conjugate the Verbs ====
 
Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.
 
1. '''მოსმენა''' (to listen)
 
2. '''წერა''' (to write)
 
3. '''ხატვა''' (to draw)
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 2 ====
 
1. '''მოსმენა''' (mossmena):
 
* მე ვუსმენ (me vusmen) - I listen
 
* შენ უსმენ (shen usmen) - you listen
 
* ის უსმენს (is usmens) - he/she/it listens
 
* ჩვენ ვუსმენთ (chven vusment) - we listen
 
* თქვენ უსმენთ (tkven usment) - you listen (plural/formal)
 
* ისინი უსმენენ (isini usmenen) - they listen
 
2. '''წერა''' (ts'ero):
 
* მე ვწერ (me vts'er) - I write
 
* შენ წერ (shen ts'er) - you write
 
* ის წერს (is ts'ers) - he/she/it writes
 
* ჩვენ ვწერთ (chven vts'ert) - we write
 
* თქვენ წერით (tkven ts'ert) - you write (plural/formal)
 
* ისინი წერენ (isini ts'eren) - they write
 
3. '''ხატვა''' (khatva):
 
* მე ვხატავ (me vkh'at'av) - I draw
 
* შენ ხატავ (shen kh'at'av) - you draw
 
* ის ხატავს (is kh'at'avs) - he/she/it draws
 
* ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) - we draw
 
* თქვენ ხატავთ (tkven kh'at'avt) - you draw (plural/formal)
 
* ისინი ხატავენ (isini kh'at'aven) - they draw
 
==== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Georgian.
 
1. I am happy.
 
2. You give me a book.
 
3. They listen to music.
 
4. We draw a picture.
 
5. She writes a letter.
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 3 ====
 
1. მე ბედნიერი ვარ (me bednieri var).
 
2. შენ მიცემ (shen mits'em) წიგნი.
 
3. ისინი უსმენენ (isini usmenen) მუსიკა.
 
4. ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) სურათი.
 
5. ის წერს (is ts'ers) წერილი.
 
==== Exercise 4: Identify the Verb ====
 
Identify the verb in each sentence and state its present tense form.
 
1. მე ვწერ წერილი.
 
2. შენ უსმენ კარგ მუსიკას.
 
3. ისინი ხატავენ სურათებს.
 
4. ის არის ექიმი.
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 4 ====
 
1. Verb: ვწერ (vts'er) - I write.
 
2. Verb: უსმენ (usmen) - You listen.
 
3. Verb: ხატავენ (kh'at'aven) - They draw.
 
4. Verb: არის (aris) - He/She/It is.
 
==== Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences ====
 
Using the verbs provided, create your own sentences in the present tense.
 
1. (წერა)
 
2. (მოსმენა)
 
3. (ხატვა)
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 5 ====
 
1. Example: მე ვწერ წერილი. (I write a letter.)
 
2. Example: შენ უსმენ მუსიკას. (You listen to music.)
 
3. Example: ის ხატავს სურათი. (He/She draws a picture.)
 
==== Exercise 6: Match the Subjects ====
 
Match the subjects with the correct present tense verb form.
 
1. მე
 
2. შენ
 
3. ის
 
4. ჩვენ
 
5. თქვენ
 
6. ისინი
 
a. ხარ 
 
b. არიან 
 
c. ვწერთ 
 
d. წერ 
 
e. ვწერ 
 
f. უსმენენ 
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 6 ====
 
1. მე - e. ვწერ (vts'er)
 
2. შენ - d. წერ (ts'er)
 
3. ის - a. ხარ (khar)
 
4. ჩვენ - c. ვწერთ (vts'ert)
 
5. თქვენ - f. უსმენთ (usment)
 
6. ისინი - b. არიან (arian)
 
==== Exercise 7: Fill in the Correct Form ====
 
Fill in the correct present tense form of the verb in parentheses.
 
1. მე (მიცემა) __________ წიგნი.
 
2. შენ (წერა) __________ წერილი.
 
3. ის (ხატვა) __________ სურათი.
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 7 ====
 
1. მე ვმიცემ (vmits'em) წიგნი. - I give a book.
 
2. შენ წერ (ts'er) წერილი. - You write a letter.
 
3. ის ხატავს (kh'at'avs) სურათი. - He/She draws a picture.
 
==== Exercise 8: Correct the Mistakes ====
 
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
1. მე ხარ ბედნიერი.
 
2. შენ მიცემ წიგნია.
 
3. ის უსმენ მუსიკა.
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 8 ====
 
1. Corrected: მე ვარ (me var) ბედნიერი. - I am happy.
 
2. Corrected: შენ მიცემ (shen mits'em) წიგნს. - You give a book.
 
3. Corrected: ის უსმენს (is usmens) მუსიკას. - He/She listens to music.
 
==== Exercise 9: Verb Conjugation Exercise ====


While the majority of Georgian verbs follow the regular conjugation patterns, there are some verbs that are irregular in the present tense. These verbs do not follow the standard conjugation rules and must be memorized individually. Here are a few examples:
Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.


* მიყვარხე (miqvarxe) - to love
1. '''მოწერა''' (to send)
* მიყვარხეს (miqvarxes) - to love (he/she/it)
* მიყვარხენ (miqvarxen) - to love (they)


It's important to note that irregular verbs in Georgian often have irregularities in other tenses as well. Make sure to familiarize yourself with these verbs and practice their conjugations regularly to become comfortable using them in your conversations.
2. '''მოხსნა''' (to remove)


== Cultural Insights ==
==== Solutions to Exercise 9 ====


Georgian culture places a strong emphasis on hospitality and warmth. The present tense is frequently used in everyday conversations to express actions happening at the moment or to describe regular habits and routines. By mastering the present tense, you will be able to engage in conversations with native speakers more effectively and understand their daily experiences and customs.
1. '''მოწერა''' (mots'era):


In Georgian, it is common to greet someone by asking "როგორ ხარ?" (rogor khar?), which translates to "How are you?" The present tense is often used in the response to describe one's current state or mood. For example, if you are feeling good, you can reply with "კარგად ვარ" (kargad var), meaning "I am good." This cultural insight demonstrates the practicality and relevance of learning the present tense in Georgian.
* მე ვმოწერ (me vmots'er) - I send


== Practice Exercises ==
* შენ წერ (shen ts'er) - you send


Now that we have explored the conjugation patterns and cultural insights related to the present tense in Georgian, it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce what you have learned. Take your time, and feel free to refer back to the explanations and examples provided earlier in the lesson.
* ის წერს (is ts'ers) - he/she/it sends


=== Exercise 1: Conjugating Verbs ===
* ჩვენ ვწერთ (chven vts'ert) - we send


Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense according to the subject provided:
* თქვენ წერით (tkven ts'ert) - you send (plural/formal)


1. მიყვარხე (miqvarxe) - to love
* ისინი წერენ (isini ts'eren) - they send
  - მე (me) - I
  - თქვენ (tkven) - you (formal/plural)
  - ის (is) - he/she/it


2. მისწავლეს (miswavles) - to learn
2. '''მოხსნა''' (mokhsna):
  - ჩვენ (chven) - we
  - თქვენ (tkven) - you (formal/plural)
  - ისინი (isini) - they


3. მიკვეთე (mikvete) - to try
* მე ვმოხსნი (me vmokhsni) - I remove
  - შენ (shen) - you (informal/singular)
  - მათ (mat) - they
  - მე (me) - I


=== Exercise 2: Translating Sentences ===
* შენ მოხსნი (shen mokhsni) - you remove


Translate the following sentences from English to Georgian using the present tense:
* ის მოხსნის (is mokhsnis) - he/she/it removes


1. I am studying Georgian.
* ჩვენ ვმოხსნით (chven vmokhsnit) - we remove
2. They love Georgian food.
3. Are you working today?
4. She lives in Tbilisi.
5. We speak Georgian fluently.


=== Exercise 3: Cultural Application ===
* თქვენ მოხსნით (tkven mokhsnit) - you remove (plural/formal)


Imagine you are visiting Georgia and staying with a Georgian host family. Write a short paragraph in Georgian describing your daily routine using the present tense. Feel free to incorporate cultural aspects and interesting facts about Georgia into your paragraph.
* ისინი მოიხსნიან (isini mokhsnian) - they remove


== Solutions ==
==== Exercise 10: Create Questions ====


=== Exercise 1: Conjugating Verbs ===
Create questions in the present tense using the verbs provided.


1. მე მიყვარხარ (me miqvarxar)
1. (წერა)
  თქვენ მიყვარხარ (tkven miqvarxar)
  ის მიყვარხეს (is miqvarxes)


2. ჩვენ მისწავლევთ (chven miswavlevet)
2. (მოსმენა)
  თქვენ მისწავლევთ (tkven miswavlevet)
  ისინი მისწავლევენ (isini miswavleven)


3. შენ მიკვეთე (shen mikvete)
3. (ხატვა)
  მათ მიკვეთენ (mat mikveten)
  მე მიკვეთია (me mikvetia)


=== Exercise 2: Translating Sentences ===
==== Solutions to Exercise 10 ====


1. მე ვსწავლით ქართულს (me vstsavlit kartuls)
1. '''შენ წერ?''' (Shen ts'er?) - Are you writing?
2. ისინი უყვარხარებენ ქართულ კერძებს (isini uqvarxareben kartul kerzebs)
3. გაამზადებთ ხვალ მუშაბის? (gaamzadebet khval mushabis)
4. ის ცხოვრობს თბილისში (is tskhovrobs tbilisshi)
5. ჩვენ ვლაპარაკობთ ქართულს თუმცა კარგად (chven vlaparakobt kartuls tumtsa kargad)


=== Exercise 3: Cultural Application ===
2. '''შენ უსმენ?''' (Shen usmen?) - Are you listening?


მე ისევ გამოვიყენებენ საათებს და ამურის ადგილებს ამავე დროს. საბურავებს გამოვიყენებენ საყვარელ საქართველოში, რათა სრულიად გაიგონეთ მისი სამუშაოების და შესაბამისი კოუტურების დაცვა. თქვენი მეგობრები გამოიყენებენ ქართულს ყველაზე მნიშვნელოვან მომსახურებაში, რაც კარგად გამოიყენებიან საქართველოს კულტურულ მემკვიდრეობაში.
3. '''შენ ხატავ?''' (Shen kh'at'av?) - Are you drawing?


== Solutions ==
Congratulations on completing this lesson on the present tense in Georgian! You've covered a lot of ground, and with practice, you'll soon be using these forms with confidence in your conversations. Remember, practice makes perfect.


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|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate verbs in the present tense in Georgian, along with examples and practice exercises to reinforce your understanding.
 
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==Videos==
==Videos==

Latest revision as of 15:11, 1 August 2024

◀️ Table Manners — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Georgian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

Welcome to this exciting lesson on the Present Tense in Georgian! Understanding how to express actions happening now is vital for effective communication in any language. In Georgian, the present tense is not just about "what is happening"; it also conveys habitual actions and general truths. As you embark on this journey, you'll find that learning the present tense opens up a whole new dimension of expressing yourself in Georgian.

In this lesson, we will explore the structure of the Georgian present tense, how to conjugate regular verbs, and some common irregular verbs. We will also provide plenty of examples to help you grasp the concepts, along with exercises to solidify your understanding.

Here’s a quick overview of what you'll learn today:

1. Understanding the Present Tense in Georgian

2. Regular Verb Conjugation

3. Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense

4. Common Expressions Using the Present Tense

5. Practice Exercises

Understanding the Present Tense in Georgian[edit | edit source]

In Georgian, the present tense is formed differently than in English. While English often relies on auxiliary verbs, Georgian uses specific endings based on the subject of the sentence. The present tense is used to indicate actions that are currently happening, habitual actions, and general truths.

Before diving into conjugation, let’s take a look at how the present tense works in Georgian.

  • Subject Pronouns: The subject pronouns in Georgian are quite straightforward. Here’s a quick list:
  • მე (me) - I
  • შენ (shen) - you (singular, informal)
  • ის (is) - he/she/it
  • ჩვენ (chven) - we
  • თქვენ (tkven) - you (plural or formal)
  • ისინი (isini) - they

Regular Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Regular verbs in Georgian typically follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the present tense. Let's take the verb "წერო" (ts'ero - to write) as an example. Here's how it conjugates:

Subject Pronoun Conjugated Form English Translation
მე (me) ვწერ (vts'er) I write
შენ (shen) წერ (ts'er) you write
ის (is) წერს (ts'ers) he/she/it writes
ჩვენ (chven) ვწერთ (vts'ert) we write
თქვენ (tkven) წერთ (ts'ert) you write (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) წერენ (ts'eren) they write

== Conjugation Pattern

The pattern for regular verbs typically involves adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. The endings change based on the subject pronoun:

  • I: -ვ (v)
  • You (singular): -თ (t)
  • He/She/It: -ს (s)
  • We: -ვ (v)
  • You (plural/formal): -თ (t)
  • They: -ენ (en)

== More Examples of Regular Verbs

Now, let’s explore more examples of regular verbs conjugated in the present tense:

1. მზერა (mzera - to gaze)

2. სმენა (smena - to listen)

3. თანადგილი (tanadgili - to gather)

Here’s how they conjugate:

Verb Subject Pronoun Conjugated Form English Translation
მზერა (mzera) მე (me) ვმზერავ (vmzerav) I gaze
შენ (shen) მზერავ (mzerav) you gaze
ის (is) მზერს (mzers) he/she/it gazes
ჩვენ (chven) ვმზერთ (vmzert) we gaze
თქვენ (tkven) მზერთ (mzeret) you gaze (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) მზერენ (mzeran) they gaze
სმენა (smena) მე (me) ვუსმენ (vusmen) I listen
შენ (shen) უსმენ (usmen) you listen
ის (is) უსმენს (usmens) he/she/it listens
ჩვენ (chven) ვუსმენთ (vusment) we listen
თქვენ (tkven) უსმენთ (usment) you listen (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) უსმენენ (usmenen) they listen
თანადგილი (tanadgili) მე (me) ვთანადგილობ (vtanadgilib) I gather
შენ (shen) თანადგილობ (tanadgilib) you gather
ის (is) თანადგილობს (tanadgilibs) he/she/it gathers
ჩვენ (chven) ვთანადგილობთ (vtanadgilibt) we gather
თქვენ (tkven) თანადგილობთ (tanadgilibt) you gather (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) თანადგილობენ (tanadgiliben) they gather

Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Not all verbs in Georgian conform to the regular conjugation patterns. Some verbs are irregular and do not follow the standard endings. Here, we will focus on a few commonly used irregular verbs.

1. ყოფნა (qopna - to be)

2. მიცემა (mits'ema - to give)

3. ხატვა (khatva - to draw)

Let's take a look at how these verbs conjugate in the present tense:

Verb Subject Pronoun Conjugated Form English Translation
ყოფნა (qopna) მე (me) ვარ (var) I am
შენ (shen) ხარ (khar) you are
ის (is) არის (aris) he/she/it is
ჩვენ (chven) ვართ (vart) we are
თქვენ (tkven) ხართ (khart) you are (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) არიან (arian) they are
მიცემა (mits'ema) მე (me) ვმიცემ (vmits'em) I give
შენ (shen) მიცემ (mits'em) you give
ის (is) მიცემს (mits'ems) he/she/it gives
ჩვენ (chven) ვმიცემთ (vmits'emt) we give
თქვენ (tkven) მიცემთ (mits'emt) you give (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) მიცემენ (mits'emen) they give
ხატვა (khatva) მე (me) ვხატავ (vkh'at'av) I draw
შენ (shen) ხატავ (kh'at'av) you draw
ის (is) ხატავს (kh'at'avs) he/she/it draws
ჩვენ (chven) ვხატავთ (vkh'at'avt) we draw
თქვენ (tkven) ხატავთ (kh'at'avt) you draw (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) ხატავენ (kh'at'aven) they draw

Common Expressions Using the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a good handle on conjugating verbs in the present tense, let's look at some common expressions that utilize this tense. These expressions will help you to communicate more naturally in everyday situations.

1. მე მიყვარს (me miqvars - I love)

2. შენ გიყვარს (shen giqvars - you love)

3. ის იტყვის (is itq'vis - he/she/it says)

4. ჩვენ ვსვამთ (chven vsvamth - we drink)

5. თქვენ ხართ (tkven khart - you are)

Here’s a table with these expressions:

Expression Pronunciation English Translation
მე მიყვარს (me miqvars) me miqvars I love
შენ გიყვარს (shen giqvars) shen giqvars you love
ის იტყვის (is itq'vis) is itq'vis he/she/it says
ჩვენ ვსვამთ (chven vsvamth) chven vsvamth we drink
თქვენ ხართ (tkven khart) tkven khart you are

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

To reinforce what you've learned, here are some practice exercises. Don’t worry; I’ll provide detailed solutions and explanations after each exercise to help clarify your understanding.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct present tense forms of the verbs in parentheses.

1. მე (წერა) __________ წერილი.

2. შენ (მოსმენა) __________ კარგი მუსიკა.

3. ის (ყოფნა) __________ ექიმი.

4. ჩვენ (ხატვა) __________ სურათი.

5. თქვენ (მიცემა) __________ წიგნი.

Solutions to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. მე ვწერ (me vts'er) წერილი. - I write a letter.

2. შენ უსმენ (shen usmen) კარგი მუსიკა. - You listen to good music.

3. ის არის (is aris) ექიმი. - He/She is a doctor.

4. ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) სურათი. - We draw a picture.

5. თქვენ მიცემთ (tkven mits'emth) წიგნი. - You give a book.

Exercise 2: Conjugate the Verbs[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.

1. მოსმენა (to listen)

2. წერა (to write)

3. ხატვა (to draw)

Solutions to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. მოსმენა (mossmena):

  • მე ვუსმენ (me vusmen) - I listen
  • შენ უსმენ (shen usmen) - you listen
  • ის უსმენს (is usmens) - he/she/it listens
  • ჩვენ ვუსმენთ (chven vusment) - we listen
  • თქვენ უსმენთ (tkven usment) - you listen (plural/formal)
  • ისინი უსმენენ (isini usmenen) - they listen

2. წერა (ts'ero):

  • მე ვწერ (me vts'er) - I write
  • შენ წერ (shen ts'er) - you write
  • ის წერს (is ts'ers) - he/she/it writes
  • ჩვენ ვწერთ (chven vts'ert) - we write
  • თქვენ წერით (tkven ts'ert) - you write (plural/formal)
  • ისინი წერენ (isini ts'eren) - they write

3. ხატვა (khatva):

  • მე ვხატავ (me vkh'at'av) - I draw
  • შენ ხატავ (shen kh'at'av) - you draw
  • ის ხატავს (is kh'at'avs) - he/she/it draws
  • ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) - we draw
  • თქვენ ხატავთ (tkven kh'at'avt) - you draw (plural/formal)
  • ისინი ხატავენ (isini kh'at'aven) - they draw

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Georgian.

1. I am happy.

2. You give me a book.

3. They listen to music.

4. We draw a picture.

5. She writes a letter.

Solutions to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. მე ბედნიერი ვარ (me bednieri var).

2. შენ მიცემ (shen mits'em) წიგნი.

3. ისინი უსმენენ (isini usmenen) მუსიკა.

4. ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) სურათი.

5. ის წერს (is ts'ers) წერილი.

Exercise 4: Identify the Verb[edit | edit source]

Identify the verb in each sentence and state its present tense form.

1. მე ვწერ წერილი.

2. შენ უსმენ კარგ მუსიკას.

3. ისინი ხატავენ სურათებს.

4. ის არის ექიმი.

Solutions to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. Verb: ვწერ (vts'er) - I write.

2. Verb: უსმენ (usmen) - You listen.

3. Verb: ხატავენ (kh'at'aven) - They draw.

4. Verb: არის (aris) - He/She/It is.

Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the verbs provided, create your own sentences in the present tense.

1. (წერა)

2. (მოსმენა)

3. (ხატვა)

Solutions to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. Example: მე ვწერ წერილი. (I write a letter.)

2. Example: შენ უსმენ მუსიკას. (You listen to music.)

3. Example: ის ხატავს სურათი. (He/She draws a picture.)

Exercise 6: Match the Subjects[edit | edit source]

Match the subjects with the correct present tense verb form.

1. მე

2. შენ

3. ის

4. ჩვენ

5. თქვენ

6. ისინი

a. ხარ

b. არიან

c. ვწერთ

d. წერ

e. ვწერ

f. უსმენენ

Solutions to Exercise 6[edit | edit source]

1. მე - e. ვწერ (vts'er)

2. შენ - d. წერ (ts'er)

3. ის - a. ხარ (khar)

4. ჩვენ - c. ვწერთ (vts'ert)

5. თქვენ - f. უსმენთ (usment)

6. ისინი - b. არიან (arian)

Exercise 7: Fill in the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

Fill in the correct present tense form of the verb in parentheses.

1. მე (მიცემა) __________ წიგნი.

2. შენ (წერა) __________ წერილი.

3. ის (ხატვა) __________ სურათი.

Solutions to Exercise 7[edit | edit source]

1. მე ვმიცემ (vmits'em) წიგნი. - I give a book.

2. შენ წერ (ts'er) წერილი. - You write a letter.

3. ის ხატავს (kh'at'avs) სურათი. - He/She draws a picture.

Exercise 8: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. მე ხარ ბედნიერი.

2. შენ მიცემ წიგნია.

3. ის უსმენ მუსიკა.

Solutions to Exercise 8[edit | edit source]

1. Corrected: მე ვარ (me var) ბედნიერი. - I am happy.

2. Corrected: შენ მიცემ (shen mits'em) წიგნს. - You give a book.

3. Corrected: ის უსმენს (is usmens) მუსიკას. - He/She listens to music.

Exercise 9: Verb Conjugation Exercise[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.

1. მოწერა (to send)

2. მოხსნა (to remove)

Solutions to Exercise 9[edit | edit source]

1. მოწერა (mots'era):

  • მე ვმოწერ (me vmots'er) - I send
  • შენ წერ (shen ts'er) - you send
  • ის წერს (is ts'ers) - he/she/it sends
  • ჩვენ ვწერთ (chven vts'ert) - we send
  • თქვენ წერით (tkven ts'ert) - you send (plural/formal)
  • ისინი წერენ (isini ts'eren) - they send

2. მოხსნა (mokhsna):

  • მე ვმოხსნი (me vmokhsni) - I remove
  • შენ მოხსნი (shen mokhsni) - you remove
  • ის მოხსნის (is mokhsnis) - he/she/it removes
  • ჩვენ ვმოხსნით (chven vmokhsnit) - we remove
  • თქვენ მოხსნით (tkven mokhsnit) - you remove (plural/formal)
  • ისინი მოიხსნიან (isini mokhsnian) - they remove

Exercise 10: Create Questions[edit | edit source]

Create questions in the present tense using the verbs provided.

1. (წერა)

2. (მოსმენა)

3. (ხატვა)

Solutions to Exercise 10[edit | edit source]

1. შენ წერ? (Shen ts'er?) - Are you writing?

2. შენ უსმენ? (Shen usmen?) - Are you listening?

3. შენ ხატავ? (Shen kh'at'av?) - Are you drawing?

Congratulations on completing this lesson on the present tense in Georgian! You've covered a lot of ground, and with practice, you'll soon be using these forms with confidence in your conversations. Remember, practice makes perfect.

Table of Contents - Georgian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Sounds


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Cases


Family and Relationships


Food and Drink


Verbs and Tenses


Transportation and Directions


Holidays and Celebrations


Adjectives and Adverbs


Shopping and Services


Arts and Entertainment


Prepositions


Work and Employment


Georgian History and Geography

Videos[edit | edit source]

Learn Georgian - Class 1 Verbs Present Tense 2/4 - Grammar ...[edit | edit source]

Learn Georgian - Class 1 Verbs Present Tense 1/4 - Examples ...[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Table Manners — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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