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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Georgian|Georgian]]  → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>
Welcome to this exciting lesson on the '''Present Tense''' in Georgian! Understanding how to express actions happening now is vital for effective communication in any language. In Georgian, the present tense is not just about "what is happening"; it also conveys habitual actions and general truths. As you embark on this journey, you'll find that learning the present tense opens up a whole new dimension of expressing yourself in Georgian.
In this lesson, we will explore the structure of the Georgian present tense, how to conjugate regular verbs, and some common irregular verbs. We will also provide plenty of examples to help you grasp the concepts, along with exercises to solidify your understanding.
Here’s a quick overview of what you'll learn today:
1. '''Understanding the Present Tense in Georgian'''
2. '''Regular Verb Conjugation'''
3. '''Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense'''
4. '''Common Expressions Using the Present Tense'''
5. '''Practice Exercises'''


<div class="pg_page_title">Georgian Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Georgian language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I'm excited to guide you through the basics of the present tense in Georgian. You'll learn how to conjugate verbs and form sentences in the present tense.
=== Understanding the Present Tense in Georgian ===


In Georgian, the present tense is formed differently than in English. While English often relies on auxiliary verbs, Georgian uses specific endings based on the subject of the sentence. The present tense is used to indicate actions that are currently happening, habitual actions, and general truths.


<span link>Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Word-Order|Word Order]] & [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-postposition-of-the-Nominative|The postposition of the Nominative]].</span>
Before diving into conjugation, let’s take a look at how the present tense works in Georgian.  
==Conjugation of Regular Verbs in Present Tense==


In Georgian, regular verbs are conjugated in the present tense by adding specific endings based on the subject of the sentence. Here are the endings for the three subject types:
* '''Subject Pronouns''': The subject pronouns in Georgian are quite straightforward. Here’s a quick list:


* 1st person (I, we): -ვ (-v)
* '''მე''' (me) - I
* 2nd person (you): -ს (-s)
* 3rd person (he, she, it, they): -ა (-a)


To illustrate this, let's conjugate the verb "to speak" (ლაპარაკობს - laparakobs) in the present tense with the subject pronouns:
* '''შენ''' (shen) - you (singular, informal)
 
* '''ის''' (is) - he/she/it
 
* '''ჩვენ''' (chven) - we
 
* '''თქვენ''' (tkven) - you (plural or formal)
 
* '''ისინი''' (isini) - they
 
=== Regular Verb Conjugation ===
 
Regular verbs in Georgian typically follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the present tense. Let's take the verb '''"წერო"''' (ts'ero - to write) as an example. Here's how it conjugates:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Subject Pronoun !! Conjugated Form !! English Translation
 
|-
|-
| მე ლაპარაკობივ || me laparakobiv || I speak
 
| მე (me) || ვწერ (vts'er) || I write
 
|-
|-
| შენ ლაპარაკობია || shen laparakobia || you speak
 
| შენ (shen) || წერ (ts'er) || you write
 
|-
|-
| ის/იგი ლაპარაკობა || is/igi laparakoba || he/she/it speaks
 
| ის (is) || წერს (ts'ers) || he/she/it writes
 
|-
|-
| ჩვენ ლაპარაკობივართ || chven laparakobivart || we speak
 
| ჩვენ (chven) || ვწერთ (vts'ert) || we write
 
|-
|-
| თქვენ ლაპარაკობთ || tkven laparakobt || you speak
 
| თქვენ (tkven) || წერთ (ts'ert) || you write (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ისინი ლაპარაკობენ || isini laparakoben || they speak
 
| ისინი (isini) || წერენ (ts'eren) || they write
 
|}
|}


You may have noticed that verbs in Georgian have a unique feature of infix insertion. The infix -ატ- (-at-) is inserted between the verb stem and the verb ending in the present tense, for example in the verb "to learn" (ისწავლებს - istsavlebs).
== Conjugation Pattern


==Irregular Verbs in Present Tense==
The pattern for regular verbs typically involves adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. The endings change based on the subject pronoun:


Now that you understand the basics of conjugation, let's take a look at some irregular verbs in Georgian. The most common irregular verbs in the present tense are:
* '''I''': -ვ (v)


* "to be" (არის - aris)
* '''You (singular)''': -თ (t)
* "to have" (ჰყავს - hqavs)
* "to do" (აკეთებს - aketebs)
* "to go" (წასვლა - tsasvla)


Here's how to conjugate these verbs in the present tense:
* '''He/She/It''': -ს (s)
 
* '''We''': -ვ (v)
 
* '''You (plural/formal)''': -თ (t)
 
* '''They''': -ენ (en)
 
== More Examples of Regular Verbs
 
Now, let’s explore more examples of regular verbs conjugated in the present tense:
 
1. '''მზერა''' (mzera - to gaze)
 
2. '''სმენა''' (smena - to listen)
 
3. '''თანადგილი''' (tanadgili - to gather)
 
Here’s how they conjugate:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Verb !! Subject Pronoun !! Conjugated Form !! English Translation
 
|-
|-
| მე ვარ || me var || I am
 
| მზერა (mzera) || მე (me) || ვმზერავ (vmzerav) || I gaze
 
|-
|-
| შენ ხარ || shen khar || you are
 
|  || შენ (shen) || მზერავ (mzerav) || you gaze
 
|-
|-
| ის არის || is aris || he/she/it is
 
|  || ის (is) || მზერს (mzers) || he/she/it gazes
 
|-
|-
| ჩვენ ვართ || chven vart || we are
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვმზერთ (vmzert) || we gaze
 
|-
|-
| თქვენ ხართ || tkven khart || you are
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || მზერთ (mzeret) || you gaze (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ისინი არიან || isini arian || they are
 
|  || ისინი (isini) || მზერენ (mzeran) || they gaze
 
|-
 
| სმენა (smena) || მე (me) || ვუსმენ (vusmen) || I listen
 
|-
 
|  || შენ (shen) || უსმენ (usmen) || you listen
 
|-
 
|  || ის (is) || უსმენს (usmens) || he/she/it listens
 
|-
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვუსმენთ (vusment) || we listen
 
|-
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || უსმენთ (usment) || you listen (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
|  || ისინი (isini) || უსმენენ (usmenen) || they listen
 
|-
 
| თანადგილი (tanadgili) || მე (me) || ვთანადგილობ (vtanadgilib) || I gather
 
|-
 
|  || შენ (shen) || თანადგილობ (tanadgilib) || you gather
 
|-
 
|  || ის (is) || თანადგილობს (tanadgilibs) || he/she/it gathers
 
|-
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვთანადგილობთ (vtanadgilibt) || we gather
 
|-
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || თანადგილობთ (tanadgilibt) || you gather (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
|  || ისინი (isini) || თანადგილობენ (tanadgiliben) || they gather
 
|}
|}
=== Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense ===
Not all verbs in Georgian conform to the regular conjugation patterns. Some verbs are irregular and do not follow the standard endings. Here, we will focus on a few commonly used irregular verbs.
1. '''ყოფნა''' (qopna - to be)
2. '''მიცემა''' (mits'ema - to give)
3. '''ხატვა''' (khatva - to draw)
Let's take a look at how these verbs conjugate in the present tense:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Verb !! Subject Pronoun !! Conjugated Form !! English Translation
 
|-
|-
| მე მაქვს || me makvs || I have
 
| ყოფნა (qopna) || მე (me) || ვარ (var) || I am
 
|-
|-
| შენ გაქვს || shen gakvs || you have
 
|  || შენ (shen) || ხარ (khar) || you are
 
|-
|-
| ის ჰყავს || is hqavs || he/she/it has
 
|  || ის (is) || არის (aris) || he/she/it is
 
|-
|-
| ჩვენ გვქვს || chven gvkvs || we have
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვართ (vart) || we are
 
|-
|-
| თქვენ გაქვთ || tkven gakvt || you have
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || ხართ (khart) || you are (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ისინი ჰყავენ || isini hqaven || they have
 
|}
| || ისინი (isini) || არიან (arian) || they are
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| მე ვაკეთებ || me vaketebe || I do
 
| მიცემა (mits'ema) || მე (me) || ვმიცემ (vmits'em) || I give
 
|-
|-
| შენ აკეთე || shen akete || you do
 
|  || შენ (shen) || მიცემ (mits'em) || you give
 
|-
|-
| ის აკეთებს || is aketebs || he/she/it does
 
|  || ის (is) || მიცემს (mits'ems) || he/she/it gives
 
|-
|-
| ჩვენ ვაკეთებთ || chven vaketebeb || we do
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვმიცემთ (vmits'emt) || we give
 
|-
|-
| თქვენ აკეთებთ || tkven aketebebt || you do
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || მიცემთ (mits'emt) || you give (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ისინი აკეთებენ || isini aketebeen || they do
 
|}
| || ისინი (isini) || მიცემენ (mits'emen) || they give
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| მე ვარგა || me varga || I go
 
| ხატვა (khatva) || მე (me) || ვხატავ (vkh'at'av) || I draw
 
|-
|-
| შენ წავისვლე || shen tsavisvle || you go
 
|  || შენ (shen) || ხატავ (kh'at'av) || you draw
 
|-
|-
| ის წავისვლის || is tsavisvlis || he/she/it goes
 
|  || ის (is) || ხატავს (kh'at'avs) || he/she/it draws
 
|-
|-
| ჩვენ ვარგავთ || chven vargavt || we go
 
|  || ჩვენ (chven) || ვხატავთ (vkh'at'avt) || we draw
 
|-
|-
| თქვენ წავისვლეთ || tkven tsavisvlet || you go
 
|  || თქვენ (tkven) || ხატავთ (kh'at'avt) || you draw (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ისინი წავისვლენ || isini tsavisvlen || they go
 
|  || ისინი (isini) || ხატავენ (kh'at'aven) || they draw
 
|}
|}


==Negation in Present Tense==
=== Common Expressions Using the Present Tense ===
 
Now that you have a good handle on conjugating verbs in the present tense, let's look at some common expressions that utilize this tense. These expressions will help you to communicate more naturally in everyday situations.
 
1. '''მე მიყვარს''' (me miqvars - I love)


To create negative sentences in Georgian, we use the particle "არ" (ar) before the verb. Here's how to form negative sentences in the present tense:
2. '''შენ გიყვარს''' (shen giqvars - you love)


* 1st person (I, we): არ -ვ (-arv)
3. '''ის იტყვის''' (is itq'vis - he/she/it says)
* 2nd person (you): არ -ს (-ars)
* 3rd person (he, she, it, they): არ -ის (-aris)


To illustrate this, let's use the same verb "to speak" (ლაპარაკობს - laparakobs) and form negative sentences:
4. '''ჩვენ ვსვამთ''' (chven vsvamth - we drink)
 
5. '''თქვენ ხართ''' (tkven khart - you are)
 
Here’s a table with these expressions:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Expression !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
|-
| არ ვლაპარაკობ || arv laparakob || I do not speak
 
| მე მიყვარს (me miqvars) || me miqvars || I love
 
|-
|-
| არ ლაპარაკობ || ar laparakob || you do not speak
 
| შენ გიყვარს (shen giqvars) || shen giqvars || you love
 
|-
|-
| ის არ ლაპარაკობს || is ar laparakobs || he/she/it does not speak
 
| ის იტყვის (is itq'vis) || is itq'vis || he/she/it says
 
|-
|-
| არ ვლაპარაკობთ || arv laparakobt || we do not speak
 
| ჩვენ ვსვამთ (chven vsvamth) || chven vsvamth || we drink
 
|-
|-
| არ ლაპარაკობთ || ar laparakobt || you do not speak
 
|-
| თქვენ ხართ (tkven khart) || tkven khart || you are
| არ ლაპარაკობენ || ar laparakoben || they do not speak
 
|}
|}


==Conclusion==
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
To reinforce what you've learned, here are some practice exercises. Don’t worry; I’ll provide detailed solutions and explanations after each exercise to help clarify your understanding.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct present tense forms of the verbs in parentheses.
 
1. მე (წერა) __________ წერილი.
 
2. შენ (მოსმენა) __________ კარგი მუსიკა.


Congratulations, you've learned the basics of present tense conjugation in Georgian! Keep practicing to improve your skills and see how the language comes to life.
3. ის (ყოფნა) __________ ექიმი.


4. ჩვენ (ხატვა) __________ სურათი.
5. თქვენ (მიცემა) __________ წიგნი.
==== Solutions to Exercise 1 ====
1. მე ვწერ (me vts'er) წერილი. - I write a letter.
2. შენ უსმენ (shen usmen) კარგი მუსიკა. - You listen to good music.
3. ის არის (is aris) ექიმი. - He/She is a doctor.
4. ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) სურათი. - We draw a picture.
5. თქვენ მიცემთ (tkven mits'emth) წიგნი. - You give a book.
==== Exercise 2: Conjugate the Verbs ====
Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.
1. '''მოსმენა''' (to listen)
2. '''წერა''' (to write)
3. '''ხატვა''' (to draw)
==== Solutions to Exercise 2 ====
1. '''მოსმენა''' (mossmena):
* მე ვუსმენ (me vusmen) - I listen
* შენ უსმენ (shen usmen) - you listen
* ის უსმენს (is usmens) - he/she/it listens
* ჩვენ ვუსმენთ (chven vusment) - we listen
* თქვენ უსმენთ (tkven usment) - you listen (plural/formal)
* ისინი უსმენენ (isini usmenen) - they listen
2. '''წერა''' (ts'ero):
* მე ვწერ (me vts'er) - I write
* შენ წერ (shen ts'er) - you write
* ის წერს (is ts'ers) - he/she/it writes
* ჩვენ ვწერთ (chven vts'ert) - we write
* თქვენ წერით (tkven ts'ert) - you write (plural/formal)
* ისინი წერენ (isini ts'eren) - they write
3. '''ხატვა''' (khatva):
* მე ვხატავ (me vkh'at'av) - I draw
* შენ ხატავ (shen kh'at'av) - you draw
* ის ხატავს (is kh'at'avs) - he/she/it draws
* ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) - we draw
* თქვენ ხატავთ (tkven kh'at'avt) - you draw (plural/formal)
* ისინი ხატავენ (isini kh'at'aven) - they draw
==== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ====
Translate the following sentences into Georgian.
1. I am happy.
2. You give me a book.
3. They listen to music.
4. We draw a picture.
5. She writes a letter.
==== Solutions to Exercise 3 ====
1. მე ბედნიერი ვარ (me bednieri var).
2. შენ მიცემ (shen mits'em) წიგნი.
3. ისინი უსმენენ (isini usmenen) მუსიკა.
4. ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) სურათი.
5. ის წერს (is ts'ers) წერილი.
==== Exercise 4: Identify the Verb ====
Identify the verb in each sentence and state its present tense form.
1. მე ვწერ წერილი.
2. შენ უსმენ კარგ მუსიკას.
3. ისინი ხატავენ სურათებს.
4. ის არის ექიმი.
==== Solutions to Exercise 4 ====
1. Verb: ვწერ (vts'er) - I write.
2. Verb: უსმენ (usmen) - You listen.
3. Verb: ხატავენ (kh'at'aven) - They draw.
4. Verb: არის (aris) - He/She/It is.
==== Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences ====
Using the verbs provided, create your own sentences in the present tense.
1. (წერა)
2. (მოსმენა)
3. (ხატვა)
==== Solutions to Exercise 5 ====
1. Example: მე ვწერ წერილი. (I write a letter.)
2. Example: შენ უსმენ მუსიკას. (You listen to music.)
3. Example: ის ხატავს სურათი. (He/She draws a picture.)
==== Exercise 6: Match the Subjects ====
Match the subjects with the correct present tense verb form.
1. მე
2. შენ
3. ის
4. ჩვენ
5. თქვენ
6. ისინი
a. ხარ 
b. არიან 
c. ვწერთ 
d. წერ 
e. ვწერ 
f. უსმენენ 
==== Solutions to Exercise 6 ====
1. მე - e. ვწერ (vts'er)
2. შენ - d. წერ (ts'er)
3. ის - a. ხარ (khar)
4. ჩვენ - c. ვწერთ (vts'ert)
5. თქვენ - f. უსმენთ (usment)
6. ისინი - b. არიან (arian)
==== Exercise 7: Fill in the Correct Form ====
Fill in the correct present tense form of the verb in parentheses.
1. მე (მიცემა) __________ წიგნი.
2. შენ (წერა) __________ წერილი.
3. ის (ხატვა) __________ სურათი.
==== Solutions to Exercise 7 ====
1. მე ვმიცემ (vmits'em) წიგნი. - I give a book.
2. შენ წერ (ts'er) წერილი. - You write a letter.
3. ის ხატავს (kh'at'avs) სურათი. - He/She draws a picture.
==== Exercise 8: Correct the Mistakes ====
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. მე ხარ ბედნიერი.
2. შენ მიცემ წიგნია.
3. ის უსმენ მუსიკა.
==== Solutions to Exercise 8 ====
1. Corrected: მე ვარ (me var) ბედნიერი. - I am happy.
2. Corrected: შენ მიცემ (shen mits'em) წიგნს. - You give a book.
3. Corrected: ის უსმენს (is usmens) მუსიკას. - He/She listens to music.
==== Exercise 9: Verb Conjugation Exercise ====
Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.
1. '''მოწერა''' (to send)
2. '''მოხსნა''' (to remove)
==== Solutions to Exercise 9 ====
1. '''მოწერა''' (mots'era):
* მე ვმოწერ (me vmots'er) - I send
* შენ წერ (shen ts'er) - you send
* ის წერს (is ts'ers) - he/she/it sends
* ჩვენ ვწერთ (chven vts'ert) - we send
* თქვენ წერით (tkven ts'ert) - you send (plural/formal)
* ისინი წერენ (isini ts'eren) - they send
2. '''მოხსნა''' (mokhsna):
* მე ვმოხსნი (me vmokhsni) - I remove
* შენ მოხსნი (shen mokhsni) - you remove
* ის მოხსნის (is mokhsnis) - he/she/it removes
* ჩვენ ვმოხსნით (chven vmokhsnit) - we remove
* თქვენ მოხსნით (tkven mokhsnit) - you remove (plural/formal)
* ისინი მოიხსნიან (isini mokhsnian) - they remove
==== Exercise 10: Create Questions ====
Create questions in the present tense using the verbs provided.
1. (წერა)
2. (მოსმენა)
3. (ხატვა)
==== Solutions to Exercise 10 ====
1. '''შენ წერ?''' (Shen ts'er?) - Are you writing?
2. '''შენ უსმენ?''' (Shen usmen?) - Are you listening?
3. '''შენ ხატავ?''' (Shen kh'at'av?) - Are you drawing?
Congratulations on completing this lesson on the present tense in Georgian! You've covered a lot of ground, and with practice, you'll soon be using these forms with confidence in your conversations. Remember, practice makes perfect.


<span link>Congratulations on finishing this lesson! Explore these related pages to keep learning: [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Transitive-Verbs-VS-Intransitive-Verbs|Transitive Verbs VS Intransitive Verbs]] & [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adjectives-Degrees|Adjectives Degrees]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Georgian Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense
 
|keywords=Georgian grammar, verbs, tenses, present tense
|title=Georgian Grammar: Present Tense
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate verbs in the present tense in Georgian. Follow our step-by-step guide and practice regularly to enhance your skills.
 
|keywords=Georgian language, present tense, verb conjugation, Georgian grammar, learning Georgian
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate verbs in the present tense in Georgian, along with examples and practice exercises to reinforce your understanding.
 
}}
}}


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==Videos==
===Learn Georgian - Class 1 Verbs Present Tense 2/4 - Grammar ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=seAUM-t9gPE</youtube>
===Learn Georgian - Class 1 Verbs Present Tense 1/4 - Examples ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QuktgvLzxc</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://ling-app.com/ka/georgian-verbs/ 15+ Basic Georgian Verbs: Easiest Guide - Ling App]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_grammar Georgian grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://jimholroydgeorgian.wordpress.com/2018/07/22/georgian-verbs/ Georgian Verbs – The Reluctant Georgian Learner]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Infinitives|Infinitives]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Infinitives|Infinitives]]


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==Sources==
* [https://ling-app.com/ka/georgian-verbs/ 15+ Basic Georgian Verbs: Easiest Guide - Ling App]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_grammar Georgian grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://jimholroydgeorgian.wordpress.com/2018/07/22/georgian-verbs/ Georgian Verbs – The Reluctant Georgian Learner]


==Videos==


===Learn Georgian - Class 1 Verbs Present Tense 2/4 - Grammar ...===
{{Georgian-Page-Bottom}}
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=seAUM-t9gPE</youtube>


===Learn Georgian - Class 1 Verbs Present Tense 1/4 - Examples ...===
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|[[Language/Georgian/Culture/Table-Manners|◀️ Table Manners — Previous Lesson]]
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|[[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 15:11, 1 August 2024

◀️ Table Manners — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Georgian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

Welcome to this exciting lesson on the Present Tense in Georgian! Understanding how to express actions happening now is vital for effective communication in any language. In Georgian, the present tense is not just about "what is happening"; it also conveys habitual actions and general truths. As you embark on this journey, you'll find that learning the present tense opens up a whole new dimension of expressing yourself in Georgian.

In this lesson, we will explore the structure of the Georgian present tense, how to conjugate regular verbs, and some common irregular verbs. We will also provide plenty of examples to help you grasp the concepts, along with exercises to solidify your understanding.

Here’s a quick overview of what you'll learn today:

1. Understanding the Present Tense in Georgian

2. Regular Verb Conjugation

3. Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense

4. Common Expressions Using the Present Tense

5. Practice Exercises

Understanding the Present Tense in Georgian[edit | edit source]

In Georgian, the present tense is formed differently than in English. While English often relies on auxiliary verbs, Georgian uses specific endings based on the subject of the sentence. The present tense is used to indicate actions that are currently happening, habitual actions, and general truths.

Before diving into conjugation, let’s take a look at how the present tense works in Georgian.

  • Subject Pronouns: The subject pronouns in Georgian are quite straightforward. Here’s a quick list:
  • მე (me) - I
  • შენ (shen) - you (singular, informal)
  • ის (is) - he/she/it
  • ჩვენ (chven) - we
  • თქვენ (tkven) - you (plural or formal)
  • ისინი (isini) - they

Regular Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Regular verbs in Georgian typically follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the present tense. Let's take the verb "წერო" (ts'ero - to write) as an example. Here's how it conjugates:

Subject Pronoun Conjugated Form English Translation
მე (me) ვწერ (vts'er) I write
შენ (shen) წერ (ts'er) you write
ის (is) წერს (ts'ers) he/she/it writes
ჩვენ (chven) ვწერთ (vts'ert) we write
თქვენ (tkven) წერთ (ts'ert) you write (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) წერენ (ts'eren) they write

== Conjugation Pattern

The pattern for regular verbs typically involves adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. The endings change based on the subject pronoun:

  • I: -ვ (v)
  • You (singular): -თ (t)
  • He/She/It: -ს (s)
  • We: -ვ (v)
  • You (plural/formal): -თ (t)
  • They: -ენ (en)

== More Examples of Regular Verbs

Now, let’s explore more examples of regular verbs conjugated in the present tense:

1. მზერა (mzera - to gaze)

2. სმენა (smena - to listen)

3. თანადგილი (tanadgili - to gather)

Here’s how they conjugate:

Verb Subject Pronoun Conjugated Form English Translation
მზერა (mzera) მე (me) ვმზერავ (vmzerav) I gaze
შენ (shen) მზერავ (mzerav) you gaze
ის (is) მზერს (mzers) he/she/it gazes
ჩვენ (chven) ვმზერთ (vmzert) we gaze
თქვენ (tkven) მზერთ (mzeret) you gaze (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) მზერენ (mzeran) they gaze
სმენა (smena) მე (me) ვუსმენ (vusmen) I listen
შენ (shen) უსმენ (usmen) you listen
ის (is) უსმენს (usmens) he/she/it listens
ჩვენ (chven) ვუსმენთ (vusment) we listen
თქვენ (tkven) უსმენთ (usment) you listen (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) უსმენენ (usmenen) they listen
თანადგილი (tanadgili) მე (me) ვთანადგილობ (vtanadgilib) I gather
შენ (shen) თანადგილობ (tanadgilib) you gather
ის (is) თანადგილობს (tanadgilibs) he/she/it gathers
ჩვენ (chven) ვთანადგილობთ (vtanadgilibt) we gather
თქვენ (tkven) თანადგილობთ (tanadgilibt) you gather (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) თანადგილობენ (tanadgiliben) they gather

Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Not all verbs in Georgian conform to the regular conjugation patterns. Some verbs are irregular and do not follow the standard endings. Here, we will focus on a few commonly used irregular verbs.

1. ყოფნა (qopna - to be)

2. მიცემა (mits'ema - to give)

3. ხატვა (khatva - to draw)

Let's take a look at how these verbs conjugate in the present tense:

Verb Subject Pronoun Conjugated Form English Translation
ყოფნა (qopna) მე (me) ვარ (var) I am
შენ (shen) ხარ (khar) you are
ის (is) არის (aris) he/she/it is
ჩვენ (chven) ვართ (vart) we are
თქვენ (tkven) ხართ (khart) you are (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) არიან (arian) they are
მიცემა (mits'ema) მე (me) ვმიცემ (vmits'em) I give
შენ (shen) მიცემ (mits'em) you give
ის (is) მიცემს (mits'ems) he/she/it gives
ჩვენ (chven) ვმიცემთ (vmits'emt) we give
თქვენ (tkven) მიცემთ (mits'emt) you give (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) მიცემენ (mits'emen) they give
ხატვა (khatva) მე (me) ვხატავ (vkh'at'av) I draw
შენ (shen) ხატავ (kh'at'av) you draw
ის (is) ხატავს (kh'at'avs) he/she/it draws
ჩვენ (chven) ვხატავთ (vkh'at'avt) we draw
თქვენ (tkven) ხატავთ (kh'at'avt) you draw (plural/formal)
ისინი (isini) ხატავენ (kh'at'aven) they draw

Common Expressions Using the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a good handle on conjugating verbs in the present tense, let's look at some common expressions that utilize this tense. These expressions will help you to communicate more naturally in everyday situations.

1. მე მიყვარს (me miqvars - I love)

2. შენ გიყვარს (shen giqvars - you love)

3. ის იტყვის (is itq'vis - he/she/it says)

4. ჩვენ ვსვამთ (chven vsvamth - we drink)

5. თქვენ ხართ (tkven khart - you are)

Here’s a table with these expressions:

Expression Pronunciation English Translation
მე მიყვარს (me miqvars) me miqvars I love
შენ გიყვარს (shen giqvars) shen giqvars you love
ის იტყვის (is itq'vis) is itq'vis he/she/it says
ჩვენ ვსვამთ (chven vsvamth) chven vsvamth we drink
თქვენ ხართ (tkven khart) tkven khart you are

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

To reinforce what you've learned, here are some practice exercises. Don’t worry; I’ll provide detailed solutions and explanations after each exercise to help clarify your understanding.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct present tense forms of the verbs in parentheses.

1. მე (წერა) __________ წერილი.

2. შენ (მოსმენა) __________ კარგი მუსიკა.

3. ის (ყოფნა) __________ ექიმი.

4. ჩვენ (ხატვა) __________ სურათი.

5. თქვენ (მიცემა) __________ წიგნი.

Solutions to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. მე ვწერ (me vts'er) წერილი. - I write a letter.

2. შენ უსმენ (shen usmen) კარგი მუსიკა. - You listen to good music.

3. ის არის (is aris) ექიმი. - He/She is a doctor.

4. ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) სურათი. - We draw a picture.

5. თქვენ მიცემთ (tkven mits'emth) წიგნი. - You give a book.

Exercise 2: Conjugate the Verbs[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.

1. მოსმენა (to listen)

2. წერა (to write)

3. ხატვა (to draw)

Solutions to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. მოსმენა (mossmena):

  • მე ვუსმენ (me vusmen) - I listen
  • შენ უსმენ (shen usmen) - you listen
  • ის უსმენს (is usmens) - he/she/it listens
  • ჩვენ ვუსმენთ (chven vusment) - we listen
  • თქვენ უსმენთ (tkven usment) - you listen (plural/formal)
  • ისინი უსმენენ (isini usmenen) - they listen

2. წერა (ts'ero):

  • მე ვწერ (me vts'er) - I write
  • შენ წერ (shen ts'er) - you write
  • ის წერს (is ts'ers) - he/she/it writes
  • ჩვენ ვწერთ (chven vts'ert) - we write
  • თქვენ წერით (tkven ts'ert) - you write (plural/formal)
  • ისინი წერენ (isini ts'eren) - they write

3. ხატვა (khatva):

  • მე ვხატავ (me vkh'at'av) - I draw
  • შენ ხატავ (shen kh'at'av) - you draw
  • ის ხატავს (is kh'at'avs) - he/she/it draws
  • ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) - we draw
  • თქვენ ხატავთ (tkven kh'at'avt) - you draw (plural/formal)
  • ისინი ხატავენ (isini kh'at'aven) - they draw

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Georgian.

1. I am happy.

2. You give me a book.

3. They listen to music.

4. We draw a picture.

5. She writes a letter.

Solutions to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. მე ბედნიერი ვარ (me bednieri var).

2. შენ მიცემ (shen mits'em) წიგნი.

3. ისინი უსმენენ (isini usmenen) მუსიკა.

4. ჩვენ ვხატავთ (chven vkh'at'avt) სურათი.

5. ის წერს (is ts'ers) წერილი.

Exercise 4: Identify the Verb[edit | edit source]

Identify the verb in each sentence and state its present tense form.

1. მე ვწერ წერილი.

2. შენ უსმენ კარგ მუსიკას.

3. ისინი ხატავენ სურათებს.

4. ის არის ექიმი.

Solutions to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. Verb: ვწერ (vts'er) - I write.

2. Verb: უსმენ (usmen) - You listen.

3. Verb: ხატავენ (kh'at'aven) - They draw.

4. Verb: არის (aris) - He/She/It is.

Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the verbs provided, create your own sentences in the present tense.

1. (წერა)

2. (მოსმენა)

3. (ხატვა)

Solutions to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. Example: მე ვწერ წერილი. (I write a letter.)

2. Example: შენ უსმენ მუსიკას. (You listen to music.)

3. Example: ის ხატავს სურათი. (He/She draws a picture.)

Exercise 6: Match the Subjects[edit | edit source]

Match the subjects with the correct present tense verb form.

1. მე

2. შენ

3. ის

4. ჩვენ

5. თქვენ

6. ისინი

a. ხარ

b. არიან

c. ვწერთ

d. წერ

e. ვწერ

f. უსმენენ

Solutions to Exercise 6[edit | edit source]

1. მე - e. ვწერ (vts'er)

2. შენ - d. წერ (ts'er)

3. ის - a. ხარ (khar)

4. ჩვენ - c. ვწერთ (vts'ert)

5. თქვენ - f. უსმენთ (usment)

6. ისინი - b. არიან (arian)

Exercise 7: Fill in the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

Fill in the correct present tense form of the verb in parentheses.

1. მე (მიცემა) __________ წიგნი.

2. შენ (წერა) __________ წერილი.

3. ის (ხატვა) __________ სურათი.

Solutions to Exercise 7[edit | edit source]

1. მე ვმიცემ (vmits'em) წიგნი. - I give a book.

2. შენ წერ (ts'er) წერილი. - You write a letter.

3. ის ხატავს (kh'at'avs) სურათი. - He/She draws a picture.

Exercise 8: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. მე ხარ ბედნიერი.

2. შენ მიცემ წიგნია.

3. ის უსმენ მუსიკა.

Solutions to Exercise 8[edit | edit source]

1. Corrected: მე ვარ (me var) ბედნიერი. - I am happy.

2. Corrected: შენ მიცემ (shen mits'em) წიგნს. - You give a book.

3. Corrected: ის უსმენს (is usmens) მუსიკას. - He/She listens to music.

Exercise 9: Verb Conjugation Exercise[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.

1. მოწერა (to send)

2. მოხსნა (to remove)

Solutions to Exercise 9[edit | edit source]

1. მოწერა (mots'era):

  • მე ვმოწერ (me vmots'er) - I send
  • შენ წერ (shen ts'er) - you send
  • ის წერს (is ts'ers) - he/she/it sends
  • ჩვენ ვწერთ (chven vts'ert) - we send
  • თქვენ წერით (tkven ts'ert) - you send (plural/formal)
  • ისინი წერენ (isini ts'eren) - they send

2. მოხსნა (mokhsna):

  • მე ვმოხსნი (me vmokhsni) - I remove
  • შენ მოხსნი (shen mokhsni) - you remove
  • ის მოხსნის (is mokhsnis) - he/she/it removes
  • ჩვენ ვმოხსნით (chven vmokhsnit) - we remove
  • თქვენ მოხსნით (tkven mokhsnit) - you remove (plural/formal)
  • ისინი მოიხსნიან (isini mokhsnian) - they remove

Exercise 10: Create Questions[edit | edit source]

Create questions in the present tense using the verbs provided.

1. (წერა)

2. (მოსმენა)

3. (ხატვა)

Solutions to Exercise 10[edit | edit source]

1. შენ წერ? (Shen ts'er?) - Are you writing?

2. შენ უსმენ? (Shen usmen?) - Are you listening?

3. შენ ხატავ? (Shen kh'at'av?) - Are you drawing?

Congratulations on completing this lesson on the present tense in Georgian! You've covered a lot of ground, and with practice, you'll soon be using these forms with confidence in your conversations. Remember, practice makes perfect.

Table of Contents - Georgian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Sounds


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Cases


Family and Relationships


Food and Drink


Verbs and Tenses


Transportation and Directions


Holidays and Celebrations


Adjectives and Adverbs


Shopping and Services


Arts and Entertainment


Prepositions


Work and Employment


Georgian History and Geography

Videos[edit | edit source]

Learn Georgian - Class 1 Verbs Present Tense 2/4 - Grammar ...[edit | edit source]

Learn Georgian - Class 1 Verbs Present Tense 1/4 - Examples ...[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Table Manners — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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