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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kazakh|Kazakh]]  → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Attributive and Predicative Adjectives</div>
In the fascinating world of the Kazakh language, understanding how to effectively use adjectives is key to forming meaningful sentences. Adjectives not only add color and description to our language but also help convey emotions, characteristics, and detailed information about nouns. In this lesson, we will delve into two essential types of adjectives: '''attributive''' and '''predicative'''.
Attributive adjectives directly modify nouns, providing additional information before the noun. For example, in English, we might say "a beautiful flower" where "beautiful" describes the noun "flower." On the other hand, predicative adjectives are used with linking verbs to describe the subject of a sentence, as in "The flower is beautiful," where "beautiful" describes the subject "flower."


<div class="pg_page_title">Kazakh Grammar → Adjectives → Attributive and Predicative Adjectives</div>
This lesson aims to help you grasp the differences between these two types of adjectives in Kazakh, when to use each, and how they function within sentences. By the end of our time together, you will be equipped with practical examples and exercises, making you more confident in using Kazakh adjectives in your conversations.


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Kazakh language teacher with 20 years of experience, I always stress the importance of understanding adjectives and their various functions. In this lesson, we will focus on the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives in Kazakh, and when to use each.
=== Understanding Attributive Adjectives ===
 
Attributive adjectives are used directly before the nouns they describe. In Kazakh, they can appear in various forms depending on the case and number of the noun.  


== What are attributive and predicative adjectives? ==
==== Structure ====


Simply put, attributive adjectives come before the noun they describe, while predicative adjectives come after the linking verb and describe the subject of the sentence. Here are some examples in Kazakh:
In Kazakh, attributive adjectives typically precede the noun and agree with it in terms of number, case, and sometimes gender.  


=== Attributive Adjectives ===
Here is a simple structure:


An attributive adjective modifies a noun and comes before it. In Kazakh, the adjective agrees in case, number, and gender with the noun that it modifies. Here are some examples:
* Kazakh: '''[Attributive Adjective] + [Noun]'''
 
For example:
 
* '''красивый үй''' (a beautiful house)
 
==== Examples of Attributive Adjectives ====
 
Let's explore some examples of attributive adjectives in Kazakh.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| әдемі гүл || ädemi gül || beautiful flower
|-
| үлкен кітап || üklen kitap || big book
|-
| жаңа машина || jana mashina || new car
|-
| ақ көйлек || aq köylek || white shirt
|-
|-
| үлкен кічісіз күн || ülken kichisiz kü'n || big small-free sun
 
| тәтті алма || tättı alma || sweet apple
 
|-
|-
| алтын атындағы мектеп || altyn atyndağı mektep || school in-golden name
 
| кішкентай бала || kішkentay bala || small child
 
|-
|-
| балақайсы жапсырмайтын мұз || balakaysı japsırmaytın muz || banana that-not-spoiling
 
| қызыл алма || qızıl alma || red apple
 
|-
 
| ұзын жол || uzın jol || long road
 
|-
 
| қызықты фильм || qızıqty film || interesting movie
 
|-
 
| суық ауа || suıq aua || cold air
 
|}
|}


In the examples above, the attributive adjective precedes the noun and describes its qualities.
=== Understanding Predicative Adjectives ====
 
Predicative adjectives describe the subject of a sentence and are usually linked to the subject by a verb (often the verb "to be"). They provide information about the state or quality of the subject.
 
==== Structure ====
 
In Kazakh, the structure for predicative adjectives generally follows this format:
 
* Kazakh: '''[Noun] + [Linking Verb] + [Predicative Adjective]'''
 
For example:


=== Predicative Adjectives ===
* '''Гүл әдемі.''' (The flower is beautiful.)


A predicative adjective, on the other hand, is connected to the subject of the sentence via a linking verb or a copula, such as болу (to be) in Kazakh. Here are some examples:
==== Examples of Predicative Adjectives ====
 
Let's look at some examples of predicative adjectives in Kazakh.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Кітап үлкен. || Kitap üklen. || The book is big.
|-
| Машина жаңа. || Mashina jana. || The car is new.
|-
| Көйлек ақ. || Köylek aq. || The shirt is white.
|-
| Алма тәтті. || Alma tättı. || The apple is sweet.
|-
| Бала кішкентай. || Bala kішkentay. || The child is small.
|-
|-
| мол жаңа || mol ja'na || honey new
 
| Фильм қызықты. || Film qızıqty. || The movie is interesting.
 
|-
|-
| ол күн арығындағы қошбасшы || ol kü'n arığındağı qoşbaşşı || he sun in-heat driver
 
| Ауа суық. || Aua suıq. || The air is cold.
 
|-
|-
| көршілер азиялық || körşıler aziyalık || viewers Asian
 
| Жол ұзын. || Jol uzın. || The road is long.
 
|-
 
| Гүл қызыл. || Gül qızıl. || The flower is red.
 
|-
 
| Кішігірім бөлме. || Kışigirim bölme. || The room is small.
 
|}
|}


In the examples above, the predicative adjective follows the linking verb and describes the qualities of the subject.
=== Differences Between Attributive and Predicative Adjectives ====
 
To summarize the differences between attributive and predicative adjectives:


== When to use attributive and predicative adjectives ==
* '''Position''':


In general, attributive adjectives are used when the adjective needs to describe the noun in more detail, whereas predicative adjectives are used when we want to describe the subject of the sentence. Here are some examples:
* Attributive adjectives appear before the noun.


* Attributive: Қоштасы жеңіл, сондықтан сол ол келді. (The house is beautiful, so he came.)
* Predicative adjectives follow the noun and are linked by a verb.
* Predicative: Қош бір дос, ол мүмкіндіктер бойынша тұр. (A good friend stays by your side through the possibilities.)


As you can see in the examples above, attributive adjectives describe the noun (house) whereas predicative adjectives describe the subject (friend).
* '''Function''':


== Conclusion ==
* Attributive adjectives describe the noun directly.


Understanding the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives is important for mastering the Kazakh language. I hope this lesson has been helpful in clarifying the distinction between the two types of adjectives.
* Predicative adjectives provide information about the subject's state or quality.


* '''Agreement''':


<span class='maj'></span>
* Attributive adjectives must agree in case and number with the noun.
==Sources==
 
* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a615/0cec269bbf7344fd5c5073b85d927e61e976.pdf The Chinese and Kazakh Languages Comparative Study: Subject ...]
* Predicative adjectives do not change form based on the noun.
 
=== Practice Exercises ====
 
Now that we've covered the theory, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are some practice exercises to help you apply what you've learned.
 
==== Exercise 1: Identify the Adjective Type ====
 
Read the following sentences and identify whether the adjective is attributive or predicative.
 
1. '''Кітап қызықты.'''
 
2. '''Әдемі гүл.'''
 
3. '''Машина жаңа.'''
 
4. '''Бала кішкентай.'''
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Predicative
 
2. Attributive
 
3. Attributive
 
4. Predicative
 
==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.
 
1. Гүл ___ (әдемі).
 
2. Кітап ___ (үлкен).
 
3. Машина ___ (жана).
 
4. Бала ___ (кішкентай).
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Гүл әдемі.
 
2. Кітап үлкен.
 
3. Машина жаңа.
 
4. Бала кішкентай.
 
==== Exercise 3: Sentence Construction ====
 
Construct sentences using the following nouns and adjectives.
 
1. алма (тәтті)
 
2. жол (ұзын)
 
3. үй (красивый)
 
4. ауа (суық)
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Алма тәтті.
 
2. Жол ұзын.
 
3. Үй әдемі.
 
4. Ауа суық.
 
==== Exercise 4: Transformation ====
 
Transform the following attributive adjectives into predicative adjectives.
 
1. әдемі гүл
 
2. үлкен кітап
 
3. жаңа машина
 
4. кішкентай бала
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Гүл әдемі.
 
2. Кітап үлкен.
 
3. Машина жаңа.
 
4. Бала кішкентай.
 
==== Exercise 5: Translation Practice ====
 
Translate the following sentences from English to Kazakh.
 
1. The flower is beautiful.
 
2. The book is big.
 
3. The car is new.
 
4. The child is small.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Гүл әдемі.
 
2. Кітап үлкен.
 
3. Машина жаңа.
 
4. Бала кішкентай.
 
=== Conclusion ====
 
Understanding the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives is a crucial step in mastering the Kazakh language. With practice, you'll be able to construct sentences that are not only grammatically correct but also rich in detail and description. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher!


{{#seo:
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|keywords=Kazakh grammar, attributive adjectives, predicative adjectives, language learning
|title=Kazakh Grammar: Attributive and Predicative Adjectives
|description=In this lesson, you will understand the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives in Kazakh and when to use each.
 
|keywords=Kazakh language, attributive adjectives, predicative adjectives, grammar lesson, beginner Kazakh
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about attributive and predicative adjectives in Kazakh, including examples and practical exercises for beginners.
 
}}
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{{Kazakh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Kazakh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


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==Sources==
* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a615/0cec269bbf7344fd5c5073b85d927e61e976.pdf The Chinese and Kazakh Languages Comparative Study: Subject ...]




==Related Lessons==
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative-Degrees|Comparative and Superlative Degrees]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative-Degrees|Comparative and Superlative Degrees]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
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* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]


{{Kazakh-Page-Bottom}}
{{Kazakh-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Friendship-and-Socializing|◀️ Friendship and Socializing — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative-Degrees|Next Lesson — Comparative and Superlative Degrees ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 06:19, 1 August 2024

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Kazakh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Attributive and Predicative Adjectives

In the fascinating world of the Kazakh language, understanding how to effectively use adjectives is key to forming meaningful sentences. Adjectives not only add color and description to our language but also help convey emotions, characteristics, and detailed information about nouns. In this lesson, we will delve into two essential types of adjectives: attributive and predicative.

Attributive adjectives directly modify nouns, providing additional information before the noun. For example, in English, we might say "a beautiful flower" where "beautiful" describes the noun "flower." On the other hand, predicative adjectives are used with linking verbs to describe the subject of a sentence, as in "The flower is beautiful," where "beautiful" describes the subject "flower."

This lesson aims to help you grasp the differences between these two types of adjectives in Kazakh, when to use each, and how they function within sentences. By the end of our time together, you will be equipped with practical examples and exercises, making you more confident in using Kazakh adjectives in your conversations.

Understanding Attributive Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Attributive adjectives are used directly before the nouns they describe. In Kazakh, they can appear in various forms depending on the case and number of the noun.

Structure[edit | edit source]

In Kazakh, attributive adjectives typically precede the noun and agree with it in terms of number, case, and sometimes gender.

Here is a simple structure:

  • Kazakh: [Attributive Adjective] + [Noun]

For example:

  • красивый үй (a beautiful house)

Examples of Attributive Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Let's explore some examples of attributive adjectives in Kazakh.

Kazakh Pronunciation English
әдемі гүл ädemi gül beautiful flower
үлкен кітап üklen kitap big book
жаңа машина jana mashina new car
ақ көйлек aq köylek white shirt
тәтті алма tättı alma sweet apple
кішкентай бала kішkentay bala small child
қызыл алма qızıl alma red apple
ұзын жол uzın jol long road
қызықты фильм qızıqty film interesting movie
суық ауа suıq aua cold air

Understanding Predicative Adjectives =[edit | edit source]

Predicative adjectives describe the subject of a sentence and are usually linked to the subject by a verb (often the verb "to be"). They provide information about the state or quality of the subject.

Structure[edit | edit source]

In Kazakh, the structure for predicative adjectives generally follows this format:

  • Kazakh: [Noun] + [Linking Verb] + [Predicative Adjective]

For example:

  • Гүл әдемі. (The flower is beautiful.)

Examples of Predicative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Let's look at some examples of predicative adjectives in Kazakh.

Kazakh Pronunciation English
Кітап үлкен. Kitap üklen. The book is big.
Машина жаңа. Mashina jana. The car is new.
Көйлек ақ. Köylek aq. The shirt is white.
Алма тәтті. Alma tättı. The apple is sweet.
Бала кішкентай. Bala kішkentay. The child is small.
Фильм қызықты. Film qızıqty. The movie is interesting.
Ауа суық. Aua suıq. The air is cold.
Жол ұзын. Jol uzın. The road is long.
Гүл қызыл. Gül qızıl. The flower is red.
Кішігірім бөлме. Kışigirim bölme. The room is small.

Differences Between Attributive and Predicative Adjectives =[edit | edit source]

To summarize the differences between attributive and predicative adjectives:

  • Position:
  • Attributive adjectives appear before the noun.
  • Predicative adjectives follow the noun and are linked by a verb.
  • Function:
  • Attributive adjectives describe the noun directly.
  • Predicative adjectives provide information about the subject's state or quality.
  • Agreement:
  • Attributive adjectives must agree in case and number with the noun.
  • Predicative adjectives do not change form based on the noun.

Practice Exercises =[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the theory, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are some practice exercises to help you apply what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Identify the Adjective Type[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify whether the adjective is attributive or predicative.

1. Кітап қызықты.

2. Әдемі гүл.

3. Машина жаңа.

4. Бала кішкентай.

Answers:

1. Predicative

2. Attributive

3. Attributive

4. Predicative

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.

1. Гүл ___ (әдемі).

2. Кітап ___ (үлкен).

3. Машина ___ (жана).

4. Бала ___ (кішкентай).

Answers:

1. Гүл әдемі.

2. Кітап үлкен.

3. Машина жаңа.

4. Бала кішкентай.

Exercise 3: Sentence Construction[edit | edit source]

Construct sentences using the following nouns and adjectives.

1. алма (тәтті)

2. жол (ұзын)

3. үй (красивый)

4. ауа (суық)

Answers:

1. Алма тәтті.

2. Жол ұзын.

3. Үй әдемі.

4. Ауа суық.

Exercise 4: Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the following attributive adjectives into predicative adjectives.

1. әдемі гүл

2. үлкен кітап

3. жаңа машина

4. кішкентай бала

Answers:

1. Гүл әдемі.

2. Кітап үлкен.

3. Машина жаңа.

4. Бала кішкентай.

Exercise 5: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Kazakh.

1. The flower is beautiful.

2. The book is big.

3. The car is new.

4. The child is small.

Answers:

1. Гүл әдемі.

2. Кітап үлкен.

3. Машина жаңа.

4. Бала кішкентай.

Conclusion =[edit | edit source]

Understanding the difference between attributive and predicative adjectives is a crucial step in mastering the Kazakh language. With practice, you'll be able to construct sentences that are not only grammatically correct but also rich in detail and description. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher!

Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Kazakh Pronunciation


Greetings and Basic Expressions


Kazakh Cases


Food and Drink


Verbs


Traditions and Customs


Family and Relationships


Adjectives


Traveling and Directions


Pronouns


Shopping and Consumerism


Art and Literature


Adverbs


Health and Medical Emergencies


Sports and Recreation


Prepositions and Postpositions


Nature and Environment

Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Friendship and Socializing — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Comparative and Superlative Degrees ▶️

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