Difference between revisions of "Language/Turkish/Culture/Housing"

Latest revision as of 16:21, 31 July 2024

◀️ Arts and Festivals — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Family and Relationships ▶️

Turkish → Culture → 0 to A1 Course → Housing

Welcome to the fascinating world of Turkish culture! In this lesson, we will dive into the intriguing topic of housing in Turkey. Understanding the types of housing and the customs surrounding them is essential not only for language learning but also for truly grasping the lifestyle and traditions of the Turkish people.

Turkey boasts a rich tapestry of architectural styles and living arrangements, shaped by its diverse geography, history, and cultural influences. From cozy village homes to urban apartments, each housing type tells a story about the people who inhabit them.

In this lesson, we will explore various aspects of housing in Turkey, including:

Different types of homes

Features of traditional and modern houses

Customs related to hospitality and family life

By the end of this lesson, you will not only expand your Turkish vocabulary but also gain insights into the cultural significance of housing in Turkey.

Types of Housing in Turkey[edit | edit source]

Turkey’s housing landscape is as diverse as its people. The types of housing vary significantly across different regions, influenced by climate, geography, and cultural traditions. Here are some common types of housing you will encounter in Turkey:

Traditional Houses[edit | edit source]

Traditional houses reflect the local customs and building materials available in various regions.

Turkish	Pronunciation	English
Konak	/koˈnak/	Mansion (typically large and ornate)
Yalı	/ˈjaːlɯ/	Waterside mansion (often found along the Bosphorus)
Taş Ev	/taʃ ev/	Stone house (characteristic of rural areas)
Ahşap Ev	/ahˈʃap ev/	Wooden house (common in coastal villages)
Kerpiç Ev	/kerˈpitʃ ev/	Adobe house (made from clay and straw)

Modern Apartments[edit | edit source]

With urbanization, modern apartments have become increasingly popular, especially in cities like Istanbul and Ankara.

Turkish	Pronunciation	English
Daire	/ˈda͡iɾe/	Apartment
Site	/siˈte/	Gated community
Rezidans	/ˈrezidans/	Residence (luxury apartment building)
Apartman	/aˈpaɾtman/	Apartment building
Loft	/lɔft/	Loft (open-concept apartment)

Customs Surrounding Housing[edit | edit source]

Housing in Turkey is not just about where people live; it is deeply intertwined with customs and social practices. The way homes are designed and how families interact within them reveal much about Turkish society.

Hospitality[edit | edit source]

Turkish culture places a high value on hospitality. Inviting guests into one’s home is a cherished tradition, often accompanied by delicious food and drink.

Turkish	Pronunciation	English
Misafir	/miˈsaːfiɾ/	Guest
Sofra	/ˈso.fɾa/	Dining table (often shared with guests)
Çay	/ʧaj/	Tea (commonly served to guests)
Tatlı	/taˈtɫɯ/	Dessert (often offered to guests)
Hoşgeldiniz	/hoʃ.ɡel.di.niz/	Welcome (a warm greeting for guests)

Family Life[edit | edit source]

Family is at the heart of Turkish culture, and homes often reflect this value. Multiple generations may live together, fostering close-knit relationships.

Turkish	Pronunciation	English
Aile	/ˈaɪ.le/	Family
Büyükanne	/byˈyːka.nɛ/	Grandmother
Büyükoğul	/byˈyːko.ʊɯ/	Grandson
Kardeş	/ˈkaɾ.deʃ/	Sibling
Kuzen	/kuˈzen/	Cousin

Vocabulary Expansion[edit | edit source]

Now that we've delved into the types of housing and customs, let’s expand your vocabulary further. Here are some essential terms related to housing:

Turkish	Pronunciation	English
Oda	/ˈo.da/	Room
Mutfak	/ˈmu.t͡s.fak/	Kitchen
Banyo	/ˈbaɲ.jo/	Bathroom
Salon	/saˈlon/	Living room
Balkon	/balˈkon/	Balcony

Common Expressions Related to Housing[edit | edit source]

Learning common expressions will help you communicate effectively in everyday situations related to housing. Here are some useful phrases:

Turkish	Pronunciation	English
Eviniz çok güzel!	/eˈvi.niz ˈʧok ˈɡy.zel/	Your house is very beautiful!
Burada oturuyorum.	/ˈbu.ɾa o.tuˈɾjuɾ.ɔm/	I live here.
Komşularımızla iyi geçiniyoruz.	/komˈʃu.la.ɾɯ.mɯz.la ˈi.ji ɡeˈt͡ʃi.ni.joɾuz/	We get along well with our neighbors.
Eviniz kaç odalı?	/eˈvi.niz ˈkaʧ oˈda.lɯ/	How many rooms does your house have?
Sizin eviniz nerede?	/siˈzin eˈvi.niz ˈne.ɾe.de/	Where is your house?

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that you've learned about housing in Turkey, let's put your knowledge to the test with some exercises. Remember to think about the vocabulary and expressions we've covered.

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match[edit | edit source]

Match the Turkish word with its English translation.

1. Daire

2. Mutfak

3. Balkon

4. Aile

5. Yalı

a) Kitchen

b) Apartment

c) Balcony

d) Family

e) Waterside mansion

Solutions:

1 - b

2 - a

3 - c

4 - d

5 - e

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct Turkish word.

1. Benim _____ çok büyük. (My _____ is very big.)

2. Misafirlerim için _____ hazırladım. (I prepared _____ for my guests.)

3. Komşularımızla iyi _____ sağlıyoruz. (We maintain good _____ with our neighbors.)

4. Eviniz _____ güzel! (Your house is _____ beautiful!)

5. _____ eviniz nerede? (Where is _____ house?)

Solutions:

1. evim

2. yemek

3. ilişkiler

4. çok

5. Sizin

Exercise 3: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following words.

1. Daire

2. Misafir

3. Sofra

4. Balkon

5. Aile

Example solutions:

1. Ben bir dairede yaşıyorum. (I live in an apartment.)

2. Misafirlerim geldi. (My guests have arrived.)

3. Sofra çok güzel görünüyor. (The dining table looks very nice.)

4. Balkon çok geniş. (The balcony is very spacious.)

5. Ailemle birlikte yaşıyorum. (I live with my family.)

Exercise 4: True or False[edit | edit source]

Read the statements and write true (Doğru) or false (Yanlış).

1. A "yali" is a type of apartment. (Yanlış)

2. Turkish people often invite guests into their homes. (Doğru)

3. "Oda" means living room. (Yanlış)

4. A "daire" can be a large mansion. (Yanlış)

5. Family is important in Turkish culture. (Doğru)

Solutions:

1. Yanlış

2. Doğru

3. Yanlış

4. Yanlış

5. Doğru

Exercise 5: Describe Your House[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph describing your house in Turkish, using at least five different vocabulary words from this lesson.

Example solution:

Benim evim geniş bir daire. Mutfak çok ferah, salon da rahat. İki odam var ve balkonumdan güzel bir manzara var. Ailemle birlikte yaşıyorum.

Exercise 6: Role Play[edit | edit source]

In pairs, practice a role play where one person is a guest and the other is a host. Use at least three phrases from the vocabulary section.

Example scenario:

Host: Hoşgeldiniz! Eviniz çok güzel!

Guest: Teşekkür ederim! Burada oturuyorum.

Host: Sofra hazır, buyurun!

Exercise 7: Listening Exercise[edit | edit source]

Listen to a short audio clip about a family’s home in Turkey. Answer the following questions based on what you heard:

1. How many rooms are in the house?

2. What is the main feature of the kitchen?

3. Do they have a balcony?

Solutions will depend on the audio content provided.

Exercise 8: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

In small groups, discuss the following questions:

1. What do you think is the most important feature of a home?

2. How do you feel about living with family?

3. What is your favorite type of housing? Why?

Encourage students to use vocabulary from the lesson in their discussions.

Exercise 9: Picture Description[edit | edit source]

Bring in pictures of different types of housing (traditional and modern). Describe the pictures in Turkish, using vocabulary from the lesson.

Exercise 10: Cultural Reflection[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph reflecting on how housing customs in Turkey compare to those in your own culture. Use at least three vocabulary words from the lesson.

Example solution:

In my culture, families often live separately, unlike in Turkey where many generations live together. Hospitality is also important, and guests are usually offered food and drink just like in Turkey.

By engaging in these exercises, you will solidify your understanding of housing in Turkey and improve your Turkish language skills. Remember, practice makes perfect!

As we wrap up this lesson, I hope you feel more connected to Turkish culture and confident in your vocabulary related to housing. Keep practicing, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson to reinforce your knowledge!

Table of Contents - Turkish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Turkish Alphabet

Basic Grammar

Complex Grammar

Everyday Phrases

Numbers and Time

Turkish Culture

Daily Life

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Arts and Festivals — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Family and Relationships ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Turkish/Culture/Arts-and-Festivals|◀️ Arts and Festivals — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Turkish/Culture/Family-and-Relationships|Next Lesson — Family and Relationships ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Turkish-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Turkish|Turkish]]  → [[Language/Turkish/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Housing</div>
+Welcome to the fascinating world of Turkish culture! In this lesson, we will dive into the intriguing topic of housing in Turkey. Understanding the types of housing and the customs surrounding them is essential not only for language learning but also for truly grasping the lifestyle and traditions of the Turkish people.
+Turkey boasts a rich tapestry of architectural styles and living arrangements, shaped by its diverse geography, history, and cultural influences. From cozy village homes to urban apartments, each housing type tells a story about the people who inhabit them.
+In this lesson, we will explore various aspects of housing in Turkey, including:
+* Different types of homes
+* Features of traditional and modern houses
+* Customs related to hospitality and family life
+By the end of this lesson, you will not only expand your Turkish vocabulary but also gain insights into the cultural significance of housing in Turkey.
-<div class="pg_page_title">Turkish Culture → Daily Life → Housing</div>
 __TOC__
-As a Turkish language teacher, I am excited to continue sharing my knowledge with my students. In this lesson, we will be discussing housing in Turkish culture. Housing in Turkey is diverse and varies based on the city, region, and socioeconomic status.
+=== Types of Housing in Turkey ===
+Turkey’s housing landscape is as diverse as its people. The types of housing vary significantly across different regions, influenced by climate, geography, and cultural traditions. Here are some common types of housing you will encounter in Turkey:
+==== Traditional Houses ====
+Traditional houses reflect the local customs and building materials available in various regions.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Konak || /koˈnak/ || Mansion (typically large and ornate)
+|-
+| Yalı || /ˈjaːlɯ/ || Waterside mansion (often found along the Bosphorus)
+|-
+| Taş Ev || /taʃ ev/ || Stone house (characteristic of rural areas)
+|-
+| Ahşap Ev || /ahˈʃap ev/ || Wooden house (common in coastal villages)
+|-
+| Kerpiç Ev || /kerˈpitʃ ev/ || Adobe house (made from clay and straw)
+|}
+==== Modern Apartments ====
+With urbanization, modern apartments have become increasingly popular, especially in cities like Istanbul and Ankara.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Daire || /ˈda͡iɾe/ || Apartment
+|-
+| Site || /siˈte/ || Gated community
+|-
+| Rezidans || /ˈrezidans/ || Residence (luxury apartment building)
+|-
+| Apartman || /aˈpaɾtman/ || Apartment building
+|-
+| Loft || /lɔft/ || Loft (open-concept apartment)
+|}
+=== Customs Surrounding Housing ===
+Housing in Turkey is not just about where people live; it is deeply intertwined with customs and social practices. The way homes are designed and how families interact within them reveal much about Turkish society.
+==== Hospitality ====
+Turkish culture places a high value on hospitality. Inviting guests into one’s home is a cherished tradition, often accompanied by delicious food and drink.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Misafir || /miˈsaːfiɾ/ || Guest
+|-
+| Sofra || /ˈso.fɾa/ || Dining table (often shared with guests)
+|-
+| Çay || /ʧaj/ || Tea (commonly served to guests)
+|-
+| Tatlı || /taˈtɫɯ/ || Dessert (often offered to guests)
+|-
+| Hoşgeldiniz || /hoʃ.ɡel.di.niz/ || Welcome (a warm greeting for guests)
+|}
+==== Family Life ====
+Family is at the heart of Turkish culture, and homes often reflect this value. Multiple generations may live together, fostering close-knit relationships.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Aile || /ˈaɪ.le/ || Family
+|-
+| Büyükanne || /byˈyːka.nɛ/ || Grandmother
+|-
+| Büyükoğul || /byˈyːko.ʊɯ/ || Grandson
+|-
+| Kardeş || /ˈkaɾ.deʃ/ || Sibling
+|-
+| Kuzen || /kuˈzen/ || Cousin
+|}
+=== Vocabulary Expansion ===
+Now that we've delved into the types of housing and customs, let’s expand your vocabulary further. Here are some essential terms related to housing:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Oda || /ˈo.da/ || Room
+|-
+| Mutfak || /ˈmu.t͡s.fak/ || Kitchen
+|-
+| Banyo || /ˈbaɲ.jo/ || Bathroom
+|-
-== Types of Housing ==
+| Salon || /saˈlon/ || Living room
-Turkish housing ranges from traditional Ottoman-style houses to modern apartments in high-rise buildings. Here are some common types of housing in Turkey:
-* Ev: House
+|-
-* Apartman: Apartment building
-* Konut: Residences
-* Kira: Renting
-In Istanbul, for example, most residential buildings are high-rise apartments. In rural areas, you'll find more traditional-style houses made from stone or mud bricks.
+| Balkon || /balˈkon/ || Balcony
-== Customs Surrounding Housing ==
+|}
-There are several customs in Turkey revolving around housing:
-* Turks prefer to live close to their family and friends, so it's common to see extended families living in the same apartment building.
+=== Common Expressions Related to Housing ===
-* It is customary for guests to remove their shoes when entering a home in Turkey.
-* Turkish homes typically have a separate room for guests (called the "misafir odası").
-* It is also common for Turkish homes to have a separate room for women (called the "zenan odası"), where female guests might gather to socialize without men present.
-== Turkish Vocabulary Related to Housing ==
+Learning common expressions will help you communicate effectively in everyday situations related to housing. Here are some useful phrases:
-Here are some useful Turkish vocabulary words to help you talk about housing:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| Ev || ev || House
+| Eviniz çok güzel! || /eˈvi.niz ˈʧok ˈɡy.zel/ || Your house is very beautiful!
 |-
-| Daire || daire || Apartment
+| Burada oturuyorum. || /ˈbu.ɾa o.tuˈɾjuɾ.ɔm/ || I live here.
 |-
-| Bina || seen-ah || Building
+| Komşularımızla iyi geçiniyoruz. || /komˈʃu.la.ɾɯ.mɯz.la ˈi.ji ɡeˈt͡ʃi.ni.joɾuz/ || We get along well with our neighbors.
 |-
-| Kiralık || kee-rah-luhk || For rent
+| Eviniz kaç odalı? || /eˈvi.niz ˈkaʧ oˈda.lɯ/ || How many rooms does your house have?
 |-
-| Satılık || sah-tuh-luhk || For sale
+| Sizin eviniz nerede? || /siˈzin eˈvi.niz ˈne.ɾe.de/ || Where is your house?
 |}
-== Interesting Facts ==
+=== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ===
-Did you know that the harem quarters in Ottoman homes were considered the most private areas, and only women were allowed inside? The word "harem" actually means "forbidden" in Arabic.
+Now that you've learned about housing in Turkey, let's put your knowledge to the test with some exercises. Remember to think about the vocabulary and expressions we've covered.
+==== Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match ====
+Match the Turkish word with its English translation.
+. Daire
+. Mutfak
+. Balkon
+. Aile
+. Yalı
+* a) Kitchen
+* b) Apartment
+* c) Balcony
+* d) Family
+* e) Waterside mansion
+''Solutions:''
+- b
+- a
+- c
+- d
+- e
+==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
+Fill in the blanks with the correct Turkish word.
+. Benim _____ çok büyük. (My _____ is very big.)
+. Misafirlerim için _____ hazırladım. (I prepared _____ for my guests.)
+. Komşularımızla iyi _____ sağlıyoruz. (We maintain good _____ with our neighbors.)
+. Eviniz _____ güzel! (Your house is _____ beautiful!)
+. _____ eviniz nerede? (Where is _____ house?)
+''Solutions:''
+. evim
+. yemek
+. ilişkiler
+. çok
+. Sizin
+==== Exercise 3: Create Sentences ====
+Create sentences using the following words.
+. Daire
+. Misafir
+. Sofra
+. Balkon
+. Aile
+''Example solutions:''
+. Ben bir dairede yaşıyorum. (I live in an apartment.)
+. Misafirlerim geldi. (My guests have arrived.)
+. Sofra çok güzel görünüyor. (The dining table looks very nice.)
+. Balkon çok geniş. (The balcony is very spacious.)
+. Ailemle birlikte yaşıyorum. (I live with my family.)
+==== Exercise 4: True or False ====
+Read the statements and write true (Doğru) or false (Yanlış).
+. A "yali" is a type of apartment. (Yanlış)
+. Turkish people often invite guests into their homes. (Doğru)
+. "Oda" means living room. (Yanlış)
+. A "daire" can be a large mansion. (Yanlış)
+. Family is important in Turkish culture. (Doğru)
+''Solutions:''
+. Yanlış
+. Doğru
+. Yanlış
+. Yanlış
+. Doğru
+==== Exercise 5: Describe Your House ====
+Write a short paragraph describing your house in Turkish, using at least five different vocabulary words from this lesson.
+''Example solution:''
+Benim evim geniş bir daire. Mutfak çok ferah, salon da rahat. İki odam var ve balkonumdan güzel bir manzara var. Ailemle birlikte yaşıyorum.
+==== Exercise 6: Role Play ====
-== Conclusion ==
+In pairs, practice a role play where one person is a guest and the other is a host. Use at least three phrases from the vocabulary section.
-This concludes our lesson on housing in Turkish culture. I hope that you enjoyed learning about the different types of housing, customs surrounding it, and relevant vocabulary. Don't forget to practice your Turkish with native speakers and immerse yourself in the language as much as possible.
-== Sources ==
+''Example scenario:''
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey Turkey]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_architecture Ottoman Architecture]
+Host: Hoşgeldiniz! Eviniz çok güzel!
+Guest: Teşekkür ederim! Burada oturuyorum.
+Host: Sofra hazır, buyurun!
+==== Exercise 7: Listening Exercise ====
+Listen to a short audio clip about a family’s home in Turkey. Answer the following questions based on what you heard:
+. How many rooms are in the house?
+. What is the main feature of the kitchen?
+. Do they have a balcony?
+''Solutions will depend on the audio content provided.''
+==== Exercise 8: Group Discussion ====
+In small groups, discuss the following questions:
+. What do you think is the most important feature of a home?
+. How do you feel about living with family?
+. What is your favorite type of housing? Why?
+''Encourage students to use vocabulary from the lesson in their discussions.''
+==== Exercise 9: Picture Description ====
+Bring in pictures of different types of housing (traditional and modern). Describe the pictures in Turkish, using vocabulary from the lesson.
+==== Exercise 10: Cultural Reflection ====
+Write a short paragraph reflecting on how housing customs in Turkey compare to those in your own culture. Use at least three vocabulary words from the lesson.
+''Example solution:''
+In my culture, families often live separately, unlike in Turkey where many generations live together. Hospitality is also important, and guests are usually offered food and drink just like in Turkey.
+By engaging in these exercises, you will solidify your understanding of housing in Turkey and improve your Turkish language skills. Remember, practice makes perfect!
+As we wrap up this lesson, I hope you feel more connected to Turkish culture and confident in your vocabulary related to housing. Keep practicing, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson to reinforce your knowledge!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Turkish Culture: Daily Life - Housing Lesson
-|keywords=Turkish culture, housing in Turkey, traditional Ottoman-style houses, apartment building, useful Turkish vocabulary words
+|title=Understanding Housing in Turkish Culture
-|description=Learn about traditional Ottoman-style houses, apartment buildings, useful Turkish vocabulary words to help you talk about housing and more in this lesson about Turkish culture: Daily Life - Housing.
+|keywords=Turkish housing, Turkish culture, types of housing, Turkish vocabulary, hospitality, family life
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the types of housing in Turkey, the customs surrounding them, and expand your Turkish vocabulary related to housing.
 }}
-{{Turkish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Turkish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 64: / Line 409: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Turkish-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.allaboutturkey.com/turkish-houses.html Traditional Turkish Houses | All About Turkey]
+* [https://www.propertyturkey.com/blog-turkey/turkish-culture-and-traditions-in-the-home Turkish Culture and Traditions in the Home- Property Turkey]
+* [https://sancar.org/ Sancar Turkish Center – Sharing & Connecting the Turkish Culture]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/Cinema|Cinema]]
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/Religion|Religion]]
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/Best-Places-to-Visit-in-Turkey|Best Places to Visit in Turkey]]
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/History|History]]
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/Symbols-of-Bursa|Symbols of Bursa]]
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/History-and-Geography|History and Geography]]
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/Cuisine|Cuisine]]
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/Education|Education]]
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/Marriage-in-Turkey|Marriage in Turkey]]
+* [[Language/Turkish/Culture/Transportation-and-Travel|Transportation and Travel]]
 {{Turkish-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Turkish/Culture/Arts-and-Festivals|◀️ Arts and Festivals — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Turkish/Culture/Family-and-Relationships|Next Lesson — Family and Relationships ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>

Difference between revisions of "Language/Turkish/Culture/Housing"

Latest revision as of 16:21, 31 July 2024

Types of Housing in Turkey[edit | edit source]

Traditional Houses[edit | edit source]

Modern Apartments[edit | edit source]

Customs Surrounding Housing[edit | edit source]

Hospitality[edit | edit source]

Family Life[edit | edit source]

Vocabulary Expansion[edit | edit source]

Common Expressions Related to Housing[edit | edit source]

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match[edit | edit source]

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Exercise 3: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Exercise 4: True or False[edit | edit source]

Exercise 5: Describe Your House[edit | edit source]

Exercise 6: Role Play[edit | edit source]

Exercise 7: Listening Exercise[edit | edit source]

Exercise 8: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

Exercise 9: Picture Description[edit | edit source]

Exercise 10: Cultural Reflection[edit | edit source]

Table of Contents - Turkish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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