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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Sindhi|Sindhi]]  → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Sindhi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Grammar Concepts → Adjectives and Adverbs</div>
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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


Welcome back to the Complete 0 to A1 Sindhi Course. In this lesson, we will be discussing the two important parts of speech in Sindhi grammar: adjectives and adverbs.
Welcome to the lesson on Sindhi adjectives and adverbs! In this lesson, we will explore the basics of adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi, including how to form them and how to use them in sentences. This topic is important in the context of the Sindhi language as adjectives and adverbs play a crucial role in describing and modifying nouns and verbs. By understanding and mastering adjectives and adverbs, you will be able to express yourself more accurately and vividly in Sindhi.
 
Throughout this lesson, we will provide numerous examples to illustrate each concept and ensure a thorough understanding. We will also include cultural information and interesting facts about Sindhi language and culture to make the learning experience more engaging and relatable. So, let's dive into the fascinating world of Sindhi adjectives and adverbs!


Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, while adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Understanding how to use adjectives and adverbs correctly is crucial to effectively communicating in Sindhi. By the end of this lesson, you will learn how to form and use adjectives and adverbs in simple sentences.
== Adjectives in Sindhi ==


== Adjectives in Sindhi Grammar ==
=== Forming Adjectives ===


In Sindhi, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe. Unlike languages such as English or French, adjectives are not declined in gender or number according to the noun they describe. Instead, adjectives in Sindhi usually take the same form regardless of the gender, number or case of the noun they describe. Let's look at some examples:
In Sindhi, adjectives are formed by adding suffixes to nouns. These suffixes change depending on the gender, number, and case of the noun they are modifying. Let's take a look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Sindhi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Sindhi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| اچی || acchi || Good
| चंदू || Chandu || beautiful
|-
|-
| کــــُـــــــــــــــدار || kudar || Smart
| प्यारो || Pyaro || lovely
|-
|-
| ســـُــــــــــرمايــن || surmayan || Beautiful
| ऊँठ || Oonth || tall
|-
|-
| ٻڌو || bhadho || Old
| रोटो || Roto || red
|}
|}


Note that adjectives are formed in the same way regardless of the gender and number of the noun. Additionally, Sindhi adjectives cannot be used alone as independent words. They must always modify a noun or pronoun in a sentence.
In the examples above, the adjectives चंदू (Chandu), प्यारो (Pyaro), ऊँठ (Oonth), and रोटो (Roto) are formed by adding the appropriate suffixes to the nouns they are modifying.
 
=== Using Adjectives in Sentences ===
 
Adjectives in Sindhi agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. Let's see how adjectives are used in sentences:
 
Example 1:
आहाटी घर प्यारो आहे.
(Aahati ghar pyaro aahe.)
Translation: The big house is beautiful.
 
In this example, the adjective प्यारो (pyaro) agrees with the noun घर (ghar) in gender and number. The adjective is in the feminine singular form to match the feminine singular noun घर (ghar).
 
Example 2:
ऊँठ लडको पाचस वर्षांचो आहे.
(Oonth ladko pachas varshanchyo aahe.)
Translation: The tall boy is fifty years old.
 
In this example, the adjective ऊँठ (oonth) agrees with the noun लडको (ladko) in gender and number. The adjective is in the masculine singular form to match the masculine singular noun लडको (ladko).
 
=== Comparison of Adjectives ===


== Adverbs in Sindhi Grammar ==
In Sindhi, adjectives can be compared using the comparative and superlative forms. Let's explore how to form these forms:


Adverbs, on the other hand, modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs in a sentence. They provide additional information on the manner, time, place or degree of an action, attribute or another adverb. In Sindhi, adverbs usually come after the word they modify.
Comparative form: To form the comparative form of an adjective, the suffix -तर (-tar) is added to the adjective. Here's an example:


Here are some examples of adverbs in Sindhi:
वाडो (Vado) - big
वाडोतर (Vadotar) - bigger
 
Superlative form: To form the superlative form of an adjective, the suffix -तम (-tam) is added to the adjective. Here's an example:
 
वाडो (Vado) - big
वाडोतम (Vadotam) - biggest
 
Let's see these forms in sentences:
 
Example 1:
हाती वाडोतर पुस्तक पढतो.
(Haati vadotar pustak padhto.)
Translation: The elephant reads the bigger book.
 
In this example, the comparative form वाडोतर (vadotar) is used to compare the size of the books.
 
Example 2:
तिण वाडोतम पर्वत आहे.
(Tin vadotam parvat aahe.)
Translation: The third mountain is the biggest.
 
In this example, the superlative form वाडोतम (vadotam) is used to indicate that the third mountain is the biggest.
 
== Adverbs in Sindhi ==
 
=== Forming Adverbs ===
 
Adverbs in Sindhi are formed by adding the suffix -जो (-jo) to adjectives. Let's take a look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Sindhi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Sindhi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| پٺــــــــو || petho || afterwards
| प्यारो || Pyaro || lovely
| प्यारोजो || Pyarojo || lovely (adverb)
|-
|-
| سڀتـــــــــــا || sabta || Always
| ऊँठ || Oonth || tall
| ऊँठजो || Oonthjo || tall (adverb)
|-
|-
| جــــــــــنهن || janaan || Already
| घंटो || Ghanto || late
|-
| घंटोजो || Ghantojo || late (adverb)
| واقعـــــا || wakiaa || Really
|}
|}


In Sindhi, adverbs are not declined according to the tense or mood of the verb they modify. They remain the same in all tenses, moods, and persons.
In the examples above, the adverbs प्यारोजो (Pyarojo), ऊँठजो (Oonthjo), and घंटोजो (Ghantojo) are formed by adding the suffix -जो (-jo) to the corresponding adjectives.
 
=== Using Adverbs in Sentences ===
 
Adverbs in Sindhi modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Let's see how adverbs are used in sentences:
 
Example 1:
वहिणी चंदू गातो.
(Vahini chandu gato.)
Translation: The girl sings beautifully.
 
In this example, the adverb चंदू (chandu) modifies the verb गातो (gato) to indicate that the girl sings beautifully.
 
Example 2:
तिण धीरे ऊँठ चालतो.
(Tin dheere oonth chalato.)
Translation: The turtle walks slowly.
 
In this example, the adverb धीरे (dheere) modifies the adjective ऊँठ (oonth) to indicate that the turtle walks slowly.


== Formation of Adjectives and Adverbs in Sindhi ==
Example 3:
तिण खूप घंटो आलो.
(Tin khup ghanto alo.)
Translation: He came very late.


As we have seen above, adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi do not decline in gender or number. Instead, they are formed using suffixes or particles. Here are some common suffixes and particles used to form adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi:
In this example, the adverb खूप (khup) modifies the adverb घंटो (ghanto) to indicate that he came very late.


=== Suffixes Used to Form Adjectives ===
== Cultural Insights ==


- ''-يل (yel)'' – adds an abstract or figurative meaning to a word; for example, "جامه" (jamaho) means "shirt", but "جامه‌يــــــل" (jamayel) means "official attire" or "costume."
The usage and understanding of adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi language may vary across different regions. Regional dialects and cultural influences can impact the choice of adjectives and adverbs used in everyday conversations. For example, in rural areas, traditional Sindhi adjectives and adverbs that have been passed down through generations may still be commonly used, while in urban areas, more modern adjectives and adverbs influenced by other languages may be prevalent. This cultural diversity adds richness and depth to the Sindhi language.
- ''-وــــــن (wan)'' – adds the meaning of "full of" or "having"; for example, "رَنڻــــوُن" (ranwan) means "colorful", or "full of colors."
- ''-ــکـــــــــو (ko)'' – used to describe physical and emotional states or conditions; for example, "ميوٽ" (miyut) means "dead," but "ميوٽـــــــــــکـــــــــــو" (miyutko) means "depressed."


Interesting Fact: Sindhi poetry is known for its beautiful imagery and creative use of adjectives and adverbs. Poets often use vivid and descriptive language to evoke emotions and paint a picture in the minds of the readers. Many famous Sindhi poets have contributed to the rich literary tradition of Sindhi language, showcasing the power and versatility of adjectives and adverbs in their poetry.


=== Particles Used to Form Adverbs ===
== Practice Exercises ==


- ''هـــــــي (hey)'' – adds the meaning of "there" or "at that place," as in "اھـــي" (ahi), meaning "there."
Now that we have learned about Sindhi adjectives and adverbs, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises:
- ''ـــــــــــن (an)'' – used to add the meaning of "thus" or "in this way," as in "سڀان" (saban), meaning "all," whereas "سڀــــــــــن" (saban) means "in this way" or "thus."
- ''هـــــــا (ha)'' – used to add the meaning of "already" or "just," as in "هــــــل پونو بارڻــــــــــت (heil pono baranat)", meaning "he has already plowed the field"


== Using Adjectives and Adverbs in Sentences ==
Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate adjectives:


In Sindhi, adjectives always come after the noun they modify. When multiple adjectives are used, they come in the order of the following categories: color, size, appearance, shape, age, origin, material, and purpose.
1. तिण ______ घर आहे. (vado)
2. वहिणी _______ गाते. (chandu)
3. आहाटी ________ किताब वाचते. (pyaro)
4. इतनी ________ लडकी सांगती. (sundar)
5. तिण _______ रंग वाली साडी घालती. (hara)


For example, instead of "a green long dress," Sindhi would say "لَـــائـــل گهٽــــو ڪپڙو" (lail ghatta kapro), implying that the dress is long then green.
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate adverbs:


Adverbs, on the other hand, come after the verb they modify. Here is an example:
1. सुबह _______ उठते हैं. (jaldi)
2. वहिणी _______ चालती है. (dhire)
3. वह _______ गाता है. (pyaro)
4. तिण _______ खेलते हैं. (majedar)
5. उस _______ बोलता है. (sukoon se)


- "توهان وَٽُوجِ وَاڌَي ٿٺــــــــا" (tohan watooji wajay theenda) - meaning "You sang beautifully"
Solutions:
Exercise 1:
1. तिण वाडो घर आहे. (Tin vado ghar aahe.)
2. वहिणी चंदू गाते. (Vahini chandu gate.)
3. आहाटी प्यारो किताब वाचते. (Aahati pyaro kitab vachate.)
4. इतनी सुंदर लडकी सांगती. (Itani sundar ladki sangati.)
5. तिण हरा रंग वाली साडी घालती. (Tin hara rang vali sadi ghalati.)


Note how the adverb ''وَاڌَي (wajay)'' has been placed after the verb ''وٽــــُوجِ (watooji),'' meaning "sang."
Exercise 2:
1. सुबह जल्दी उठते हैं. (Subah jaldi uthte hain.)
2. वहिणी धीरे चालती है. (Vahini dheere chalati hai.)
3. वह प्यारो गाता है. (Vah pyaro gata hai.)
4. तिण मजेदार खेलते हैं. (Tin majedar khelte hain.)
5. उस सुकून से बोलता है. (Us sukoon se bolti hai.)


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==


In this lesson, we have discussed Sindhi adjectives and adverbs, how to form them, and how to use them in sentences. You have learned about common suffixes and particles used to form adjectives and adverbs, the order of adjectives in a sentence, and where to place adverbs in relation to verbs. You can now use these concepts to construct simple sentences with ease. Keep practicing and come back to the next lesson where we will be discussing Sindhi verbs and tenses.
Congratulations! You have successfully learned about Sindhi adjectives and adverbs. In this lesson, we explored how to form adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi, and how to use them in sentences. We also delved into the cultural aspects of Sindhi language and shared interesting facts about adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi poetry.
 
By mastering adjectives and adverbs, you can enhance your Sindhi language skills and express yourself more accurately and vividly. Remember to practice using adjectives and adverbs in your daily conversations to reinforce your learning. Keep up the great work, and continue your journey towards mastering the Sindhi language!


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[[Category:Sindhi-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Videos==
 
===Adjective Kinds of adjective and Degrees of adjectives/Sindhi ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1-VQ2X19DA</youtube>








==Videos==
==Sources==
* [http://www.learnsindhi.com/html5/grammar/Adjective Sindhi Grammar - Adjective - Learn Sindhi Language]
* [https://basitmpathanblog.wordpress.com/sindhi-grammar/ SINDHI GRAMMAR سنڌي گرامر | BASIT PATHAN]
* [https://learnsindhi.com/html5/grammar/Adverb Sindhi Grammar - Adverb - Learn Sindhi Language]


===Adjective Kinds of adjective and Degrees of adjectives/Sindhi ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1-VQ2X19DA</youtube>




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==Sources==
* [http://www.learnsindhi.com/html5/grammar/Adjective Sindhi Grammar - Adjective - Learn Sindhi Language]
* [https://basitmpathanblog.wordpress.com/sindhi-grammar/ SINDHI GRAMMAR سنڌي گرامر | BASIT PATHAN]
* [https://learnsindhi.com/html5/grammar/Adverb Sindhi Grammar - Adverb - Learn Sindhi Language]


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Revision as of 17:39, 22 June 2023

◀️ Nouns and Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Verbs and Tenses ▶️

Sindhi-Language-PolyglotClub.png
SindhiGrammar0 to A1 Course → Basic Grammar Concepts → Adjectives and Adverbs

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on Sindhi adjectives and adverbs! In this lesson, we will explore the basics of adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi, including how to form them and how to use them in sentences. This topic is important in the context of the Sindhi language as adjectives and adverbs play a crucial role in describing and modifying nouns and verbs. By understanding and mastering adjectives and adverbs, you will be able to express yourself more accurately and vividly in Sindhi.

Throughout this lesson, we will provide numerous examples to illustrate each concept and ensure a thorough understanding. We will also include cultural information and interesting facts about Sindhi language and culture to make the learning experience more engaging and relatable. So, let's dive into the fascinating world of Sindhi adjectives and adverbs!

Adjectives in Sindhi

Forming Adjectives

In Sindhi, adjectives are formed by adding suffixes to nouns. These suffixes change depending on the gender, number, and case of the noun they are modifying. Let's take a look at some examples:

Sindhi Pronunciation English
चंदू Chandu beautiful
प्यारो Pyaro lovely
ऊँठ Oonth tall
रोटो Roto red

In the examples above, the adjectives चंदू (Chandu), प्यारो (Pyaro), ऊँठ (Oonth), and रोटो (Roto) are formed by adding the appropriate suffixes to the nouns they are modifying.

Using Adjectives in Sentences

Adjectives in Sindhi agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. Let's see how adjectives are used in sentences:

Example 1: आहाटी घर प्यारो आहे. (Aahati ghar pyaro aahe.) Translation: The big house is beautiful.

In this example, the adjective प्यारो (pyaro) agrees with the noun घर (ghar) in gender and number. The adjective is in the feminine singular form to match the feminine singular noun घर (ghar).

Example 2: ऊँठ लडको पाचस वर्षांचो आहे. (Oonth ladko pachas varshanchyo aahe.) Translation: The tall boy is fifty years old.

In this example, the adjective ऊँठ (oonth) agrees with the noun लडको (ladko) in gender and number. The adjective is in the masculine singular form to match the masculine singular noun लडको (ladko).

Comparison of Adjectives

In Sindhi, adjectives can be compared using the comparative and superlative forms. Let's explore how to form these forms:

Comparative form: To form the comparative form of an adjective, the suffix -तर (-tar) is added to the adjective. Here's an example:

वाडो (Vado) - big वाडोतर (Vadotar) - bigger

Superlative form: To form the superlative form of an adjective, the suffix -तम (-tam) is added to the adjective. Here's an example:

वाडो (Vado) - big वाडोतम (Vadotam) - biggest

Let's see these forms in sentences:

Example 1: हाती वाडोतर पुस्तक पढतो. (Haati vadotar pustak padhto.) Translation: The elephant reads the bigger book.

In this example, the comparative form वाडोतर (vadotar) is used to compare the size of the books.

Example 2: तिण वाडोतम पर्वत आहे. (Tin vadotam parvat aahe.) Translation: The third mountain is the biggest.

In this example, the superlative form वाडोतम (vadotam) is used to indicate that the third mountain is the biggest.

Adverbs in Sindhi

Forming Adverbs

Adverbs in Sindhi are formed by adding the suffix -जो (-jo) to adjectives. Let's take a look at some examples:

Sindhi Pronunciation English
प्यारो Pyaro lovely प्यारोजो Pyarojo lovely (adverb)
ऊँठ Oonth tall ऊँठजो Oonthjo tall (adverb)
घंटो Ghanto late घंटोजो Ghantojo late (adverb)

In the examples above, the adverbs प्यारोजो (Pyarojo), ऊँठजो (Oonthjo), and घंटोजो (Ghantojo) are formed by adding the suffix -जो (-jo) to the corresponding adjectives.

Using Adverbs in Sentences

Adverbs in Sindhi modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Let's see how adverbs are used in sentences:

Example 1: वहिणी चंदू गातो. (Vahini chandu gato.) Translation: The girl sings beautifully.

In this example, the adverb चंदू (chandu) modifies the verb गातो (gato) to indicate that the girl sings beautifully.

Example 2: तिण धीरे ऊँठ चालतो. (Tin dheere oonth chalato.) Translation: The turtle walks slowly.

In this example, the adverb धीरे (dheere) modifies the adjective ऊँठ (oonth) to indicate that the turtle walks slowly.

Example 3: तिण खूप घंटो आलो. (Tin khup ghanto alo.) Translation: He came very late.

In this example, the adverb खूप (khup) modifies the adverb घंटो (ghanto) to indicate that he came very late.

Cultural Insights

The usage and understanding of adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi language may vary across different regions. Regional dialects and cultural influences can impact the choice of adjectives and adverbs used in everyday conversations. For example, in rural areas, traditional Sindhi adjectives and adverbs that have been passed down through generations may still be commonly used, while in urban areas, more modern adjectives and adverbs influenced by other languages may be prevalent. This cultural diversity adds richness and depth to the Sindhi language.

Interesting Fact: Sindhi poetry is known for its beautiful imagery and creative use of adjectives and adverbs. Poets often use vivid and descriptive language to evoke emotions and paint a picture in the minds of the readers. Many famous Sindhi poets have contributed to the rich literary tradition of Sindhi language, showcasing the power and versatility of adjectives and adverbs in their poetry.

Practice Exercises

Now that we have learned about Sindhi adjectives and adverbs, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises:

Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate adjectives:

1. तिण ______ घर आहे. (vado) 2. वहिणी _______ गाते. (chandu) 3. आहाटी ________ किताब वाचते. (pyaro) 4. इतनी ________ लडकी सांगती. (sundar) 5. तिण _______ रंग वाली साडी घालती. (hara)

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate adverbs:

1. सुबह _______ उठते हैं. (jaldi) 2. वहिणी _______ चालती है. (dhire) 3. वह _______ गाता है. (pyaro) 4. तिण _______ खेलते हैं. (majedar) 5. उस _______ बोलता है. (sukoon se)

Solutions: Exercise 1: 1. तिण वाडो घर आहे. (Tin vado ghar aahe.) 2. वहिणी चंदू गाते. (Vahini chandu gate.) 3. आहाटी प्यारो किताब वाचते. (Aahati pyaro kitab vachate.) 4. इतनी सुंदर लडकी सांगती. (Itani sundar ladki sangati.) 5. तिण हरा रंग वाली साडी घालती. (Tin hara rang vali sadi ghalati.)

Exercise 2: 1. सुबह जल्दी उठते हैं. (Subah jaldi uthte hain.) 2. वहिणी धीरे चालती है. (Vahini dheere chalati hai.) 3. वह प्यारो गाता है. (Vah pyaro gata hai.) 4. तिण मजेदार खेलते हैं. (Tin majedar khelte hain.) 5. उस सुकून से बोलता है. (Us sukoon se bolti hai.)

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully learned about Sindhi adjectives and adverbs. In this lesson, we explored how to form adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi, and how to use them in sentences. We also delved into the cultural aspects of Sindhi language and shared interesting facts about adjectives and adverbs in Sindhi poetry.

By mastering adjectives and adverbs, you can enhance your Sindhi language skills and express yourself more accurately and vividly. Remember to practice using adjectives and adverbs in your daily conversations to reinforce your learning. Keep up the great work, and continue your journey towards mastering the Sindhi language!

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