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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Odia|Odia]]  → [[Language/Odia/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Odia/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Actions → Present Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Odia|Odia]]  → [[Language/Odia/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Odia/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Actions → Present Tense</div>


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<h1>Introduction</h1>
== Introduction ==
 
Welcome to the lesson on the present tense of Odia verbs! In this lesson, we will learn how to form and use the present tense in Odia. The present tense is used to talk about actions that are happening right now or actions that happen regularly. It is an essential part of everyday communication and will help you express yourself in various situations.
 
In this comprehensive lesson, we will cover the formation of the present tense, including the different verb endings based on gender and number. We will also explore the usage of the present tense in different contexts, such as describing habits, routines, and ongoing actions. Additionally, we will provide plenty of examples and exercises to practice what you have learned.
 
Let's dive into the world of the present tense in Odia!
 
== Formation of the Present Tense ==
 
To form the present tense in Odia, we generally add specific endings to the verb root. The endings vary depending on the gender and number of the subject. Let's take a look at the different endings for each gender and number:
 
=== Masculine Singular ===
 
In the masculine singular form, the verb ending is -ଉଛି (-uchi).
 
Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଖେଲଉଛି || khelauchi || I play
|-
| ପଢଉଛି || padhauchi || I read
|-
| ଲେଖଉଛି || lekhauchi || I write
|}
 
=== Feminine Singular ===
 
In the feminine singular form, the verb ending is -ଉଛିନ୍ତି (-uchinti).
 
Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଖେଲଉଛିନ୍ତି || khelauchinti || She plays
|-
| ପଢଉଛିନ୍ତି || padhauchinti || She reads
|-
| ଲେଖଉଛିନ୍ତି || lekhauchinti || She writes
|}
 
=== Neuter Singular ===
 
In the neuter singular form, the verb ending is -ଉଛିଛି (-uchhi).
 
Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଖେଲଉଛିଛି || khelauchhi || It plays
|-
| ପଢଉଛିଛି || padhauchhi || It reads
|-
| ଲେଖଉଛିଛି || lekhauchhi || It writes
|}
 
=== Plural ===
 
In the plural form, regardless of the gender, the verb ending is -ୟେ (-ye).
 
Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Odia !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ଖେଲଉଛିୟେ || khelauchhiye || They play
|-
| ପଢଉଛିୟେ || padhauchhiye || They read
|-
| ଲେଖଉଛିୟେ || lekhauchhiye || They write
|}
 
== Usage of the Present Tense ==
 
Now that we have learned how to form the present tense, let's explore its usage in different contexts.
 
=== Describing Habits and Routines ===
 
The present tense is commonly used to describe habits and routines. It allows us to talk about actions that we do regularly or repeatedly.
 
Here are a few examples:
 
* ମୋର ପରିବାରରେ ସକାଳରେ ବେଦ୍ଯ୍ୟ ଖାଇଥାଏ। (Mor paribarare sakalare bedyo khaithae.) - In my family, we eat breakfast in the morning.
 
* ମୁଁ ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ସାପ୍ତାହିକ ପତ୍ରିକା ପଢାଉଛି। (Mun pratinidin saptahika patrika padhauchi.) - I read a weekly magazine every day.
 
* ଆମର ପରିବାରରେ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ରାତିରେ ଭୋଜନ କରୁଥାଏ। (Amar paribarare sadharanatah rati re bhojan karuthae.) - In our family, we usually have dinner at night.
 
=== Expressing Ongoing Actions ===


<p>In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present tense of Odia verbs. The present tense is used to describe actions that are currently happening, habitual actions, or general truths. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use present tense verbs in simple sentences.</p>
The present tense is also used to talk about ongoing actions or actions that are happening right now.


<h2>Present Tense Verb Formation</h2>
Here are a few examples:


<p>In Odia, the present tense verb form is created by adding a suffix to the verb stem. The suffixes used depend on the type of verb, of which there are three:</p>
* ତାରଙ୍କର ମାଥାରେ ଆପାତକାଳୀନ ବର୍ଷା ପଡୁଥିଲେ। (Taraṅkara mathare apātakālīna barṣā paḍuthile.) - It was raining heavily on his head.


<ol>
* ମୋର ବନ୍ଦା ଘରରେ ଖେଳୁଛି। (Mor banda ghare kheluuchi.) - My brother is playing at home.
<li><b>ru-verbs:</b> These verbs end in -ରେ (-re) in their present tense forms. Some common examples of ru-verbs are:</li>
<ul>
<li>ଖାଇବା (khāibā) – to eat</li>
<li>ପଢିବା (paḍhibā) – to read</li>
<li>ଜାଣିବା (jāṇibā) – to know</li>
</ul>
<li><b>bu-verbs:</b> These verbs end in -ବେ (-be) in their present tense forms. Some common examples of bu-verbs are:</li>
<ul>
<li>ଥିବା (thibā) – to be</li>
<li>ଅଚଳା (acaḷā) – to stay</li>
<li>କରିବା (karibā) – to do</li>
</ul>
<li><b>tu-verbs:</b> These verbs end in -ଥିବା (-thibā) in their present tense forms. Some common examples of tu-verbs are:</li>
<ul>
<li>ପଡିବା (paṛibā) – to fall</li>
<li>ଚାଲିବା (cālibā) – to walk</li>
<li>ମିଳିବା (miḷibā) – to meet</li>
</ul>
</ol>


<h3>Verb Stem</h3>
* ତୁମର ପରିବାରରେ ଖେଳୁଛିନି। (Tumara paribarare kheluuchini.) - Your family is playing.


<p>Before adding the present tense suffix to a verb, you must first identify the verb stem. The stem is the part of the verb that comes before the tense suffix. To find the stem of a ru-verb, remove the -ଇବା (-ibā) ending from the infinitive form of the verb. For example:</p>
== Exercise: Forming Present Tense Verbs ==


<ul>
Now it's time for some practice! Let's form the present tense of the following verbs:
<li>ଖାଇବା (khāibā) – to eat → ଖା (khā) – stem</li>
<li>ପଢିବା (paḍhibā) – to read → ପଢ (paḍha) – stem</li>
<li>ଜାଣିବା (jāṇibā) – to know → ଜାଣ (jāṇa) – stem</li>
</ul>


<p>To find the stem of a bu-verb or tu-verb, remove the -ିବା (-ibā) ending from the infinitive form of the verb. Then, remove the final consonant of the stem. For example:</p>
* ଯାଇଥିବା (yāithibā) - to go
* ଆସିଥିବା (āsithibā) - to come
* କହିଥିବା (kahithibā) - to say


<ul>
Please write the present tense forms of these verbs for each gender and number.
<li>ଥିବା (thibā) – to be → ଥ (tha) – stem</li>
<li>ଅଚଳା (acaḷā) – to stay → ଅଚଳ (acaḷa) – stem → ଅଚଳ୍ (acaḷ) – stem (without final consonant)</li>
<li>ପଡିବା (paṛibā) – to fall → ପଡ (paṛa) – stem → ପଡ୍ (paṛ) – stem (without final consonant)</li>
</ul>


<h3>Present Tense Suffixes</h3>
Solution:


<p>Once you have identified the verb stem, you can add the appropriate present tense suffix to create the present tense verb form. The present tense suffixes are:</p>
* ଯାଉଛି (yāuchi) - I go
* ଯାଉଛିନ୍ତି (yāuchinti) - She goes
* ଯାଉଛିଛି (yāuchhi) - It goes
* ଯାଉଛିୟେ (yāuchhiye) - They go


<ol>
* ଆସୁଛି (āsuchi) - I come
<li><b>-ରେ (-re)</b> for ru-verbs</li>
* ଆସୁଛିନ୍ତି (āsuchinti) - She comes
<li><b>-ବେ (-be)</b> for bu-verbs</li>
* ଆସୁଛିଛି (āsuchhi) - It comes
<li><b>-ଥିବା (-thibā)</b> for tu-verbs</li>
* ଆସୁଛିୟେ (āsuchhiye) - They come
</ol>


<p>Here are some examples:</p>
* କହୁଛି (kahuuchi) - I say
* କହୁଛିନ୍ତି (kahuuchinti) - She says
* କହୁଛିଛି (kahuuchhi) - It says
* କହୁଛିୟେ (kahuuchhiye) - They say


<table style="width:100%">
== Cultural Insight: Language Variation in Odia Verbs ==
<tr>
<th>Odia</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ଖାରେ </td>
<td>khā-re</td>
<td>I eat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ପଢିବେ </td>
<td>paḍhi-be</td>
<td>You read</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ଜାଣିବେ </td>
<td>jāṇi-be</td>
<td>He knows</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ଥାଇବା </td>
<td>thā-ibā</td>
<td>I am</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ଅଚଳାଇବେ</td>
<td>a-caḷā-i-be</td>
<td>You stay</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ପଡୁଥିବା </td>
<td>paṛu-thibā</td>
<td>He falls</td>
</tr>
</table>


<p>Notice that the subject is typically not explicitly stated in Odia sentences unless it is necessary for clarification or emphasis. Instead, the verb form itself indicates the subject.</p>
While the formation of the present tense verbs remains consistent throughout the Odia-speaking regions, there are some variations in the usage and understanding of verbs.


<h3>Irregular Verbs</h3>
In certain regions, especially the western parts of Odisha, the present tense of verbs is often influenced by the Sambalpuri dialect. Speakers from these regions may use slightly different verb endings or pronunciations. For example, instead of -ଉଛି (-uchi) for the masculine singular form, they might use -ଉଛିନ୍ (-uchin) or -ଉଛିନ୍ତିନ୍ (-uchintin). These variations add to the richness and diversity of the Odia language.


<p>Like in most languages, there are a few Odia verbs that are irregular in the present tense. They do not follow the standard pattern of adding a suffix to the verb stem. Here are some common irregular verbs in the present tense:</p>
It's fascinating to see how language evolves and adapts across different regions, reflecting the unique cultural heritage and history of each place. Embracing these variations allows us to appreciate the beauty and diversity of the Odia language.


<table style="width:100%">
== Conclusion ==
<tr>
<th>Odia</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ଆସିବା </td>
<td>ā-sibā</td>
<td>to come</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ଯାଇବା </td>
<td>jā-ibā</td>
<td>to go</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ହୋଇଥିବା </td>
<td>ho-i-thibā</td>
<td>to exist</td>
</tr>
</table>


<p>These verbs must be memorized since they do not follow the standard verb pattern. Fortunately, the number of irregular verbs in Odia is relatively small compared to other languages.</p>
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use the present tense of Odia verbs. This knowledge will enable you to express yourself accurately in various situations and describe ongoing actions or routines.


<h2>Present Tense Usage</h2>
Remember to practice using the present tense in your conversations and written exercises to reinforce your understanding. As you progress in your journey to learn Odia, continue exploring the rich cultural aspects of the language, including its regional variations and historical influences.


<p>Now that you know how to form present tense verbs, let's discuss when to use them. The present tense is used in the following situations:</p>
In the next lesson, we will delve into the past tense of Odia verbs. Stay tuned for more exciting language learning adventures!


<ol>
{{#seo:
<li><b>Actions happening right now:</b> The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment of speaking. For example:</li>
|title=Odia Grammar → Verbs and Actions → Present Tense
<ul>
|keywords=Odia grammar, Odia verbs, Odia present tense, Odia language, learning Odia
<li>ମୁଁ ଖାରେ । (muṅ khāre.) – I am eating.</li>
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present tense of Odia verbs. Explore the formation of the present tense, its usage, and cultural insights. Practice exercises included.
<li>ସମୟରେ ପଡ଼ିବେ । (sama-yare paṛi-be.) – You are reading now.</li>
}}
<li>ସତ୍ୟ କହିବା ପଡିବେ । (satya kahi-bā paḍhi-be.) – He is telling the truth.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Habitual actions:</b> The present tense can be used to describe actions that are generally true or habitual, such as daily routines or usual behaviors. For example:</li>
<ul>
<li>ପଡିବେ ଟିକେ ଚାଲିବେ । (paḍhi-be ṭike cāli-be.) – He reads and then walks.</li>
<li>ନିଦ୍ରା ଝୁମିବେ । (nidrā jhum-i-be.) – She sleeps regularly.</li>
<li>ସବୁଠୁ ଚାଲୁ ଥିବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ । (sa-bu-ṭhu cālu thibā kār-ya.) – The work is always ongoing.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>General truth:</b> The present tense can also be used to describe general truths or facts that are not limited by time. For example:</li>
<ul>
<li>ସତ


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==Videos==
 
===Present Indefinite Tense in Odia - 2 ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i9KNnEY98A</youtube>








==Videos==
==Sources==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsZvUZoWsjo english grammar tense in odia|| english grammar class for osssc ...]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_grammar Odia grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbj2hIBM4Yg Odia Tense Chart Part 1|| Basic English Grammar - YouTube]


===Present Indefinite Tense in Odia - 2 ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i9KNnEY98A</youtube>




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* [[Language/Odia/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Odia/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Odia/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns|Possessive Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Odia/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns|Possessive Pronouns]]


{{Odia-Page-Bottom}}
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<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Odia/Vocabulary/Ordering-in-a-Restaurant|◀️ Ordering in a Restaurant — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Odia/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 15:42, 22 June 2023

◀️ Ordering in a Restaurant — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Odia-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Odia → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Actions → Present Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on the present tense of Odia verbs! In this lesson, we will learn how to form and use the present tense in Odia. The present tense is used to talk about actions that are happening right now or actions that happen regularly. It is an essential part of everyday communication and will help you express yourself in various situations.

In this comprehensive lesson, we will cover the formation of the present tense, including the different verb endings based on gender and number. We will also explore the usage of the present tense in different contexts, such as describing habits, routines, and ongoing actions. Additionally, we will provide plenty of examples and exercises to practice what you have learned.

Let's dive into the world of the present tense in Odia!

Formation of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

To form the present tense in Odia, we generally add specific endings to the verb root. The endings vary depending on the gender and number of the subject. Let's take a look at the different endings for each gender and number:

Masculine Singular[edit | edit source]

In the masculine singular form, the verb ending is -ଉଛି (-uchi).

Here are a few examples:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଖେଲଉଛି khelauchi I play
ପଢଉଛି padhauchi I read
ଲେଖଉଛି lekhauchi I write

Feminine Singular[edit | edit source]

In the feminine singular form, the verb ending is -ଉଛିନ୍ତି (-uchinti).

Here are a few examples:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଖେଲଉଛିନ୍ତି khelauchinti She plays
ପଢଉଛିନ୍ତି padhauchinti She reads
ଲେଖଉଛିନ୍ତି lekhauchinti She writes

Neuter Singular[edit | edit source]

In the neuter singular form, the verb ending is -ଉଛିଛି (-uchhi).

Here are a few examples:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଖେଲଉଛିଛି khelauchhi It plays
ପଢଉଛିଛି padhauchhi It reads
ଲେଖଉଛିଛି lekhauchhi It writes

Plural[edit | edit source]

In the plural form, regardless of the gender, the verb ending is -ୟେ (-ye).

Here are a few examples:

Odia Pronunciation English
ଖେଲଉଛିୟେ khelauchhiye They play
ପଢଉଛିୟେ padhauchhiye They read
ଲେଖଉଛିୟେ lekhauchhiye They write

Usage of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Now that we have learned how to form the present tense, let's explore its usage in different contexts.

Describing Habits and Routines[edit | edit source]

The present tense is commonly used to describe habits and routines. It allows us to talk about actions that we do regularly or repeatedly.

Here are a few examples:

  • ମୋର ପରିବାରରେ ସକାଳରେ ବେଦ୍ଯ୍ୟ ଖାଇଥାଏ। (Mor paribarare sakalare bedyo khaithae.) - In my family, we eat breakfast in the morning.
  • ମୁଁ ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ସାପ୍ତାହିକ ପତ୍ରିକା ପଢାଉଛି। (Mun pratinidin saptahika patrika padhauchi.) - I read a weekly magazine every day.
  • ଆମର ପରିବାରରେ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ରାତିରେ ଭୋଜନ କରୁଥାଏ। (Amar paribarare sadharanatah rati re bhojan karuthae.) - In our family, we usually have dinner at night.

Expressing Ongoing Actions[edit | edit source]

The present tense is also used to talk about ongoing actions or actions that are happening right now.

Here are a few examples:

  • ତାରଙ୍କର ମାଥାରେ ଆପାତକାଳୀନ ବର୍ଷା ପଡୁଥିଲେ। (Taraṅkara mathare apātakālīna barṣā paḍuthile.) - It was raining heavily on his head.
  • ମୋର ବନ୍ଦା ଘରରେ ଖେଳୁଛି। (Mor banda ghare kheluuchi.) - My brother is playing at home.
  • ତୁମର ପରିବାରରେ ଖେଳୁଛିନି। (Tumara paribarare kheluuchini.) - Your family is playing.

Exercise: Forming Present Tense Verbs[edit | edit source]

Now it's time for some practice! Let's form the present tense of the following verbs:

  • ଯାଇଥିବା (yāithibā) - to go
  • ଆସିଥିବା (āsithibā) - to come
  • କହିଥିବା (kahithibā) - to say

Please write the present tense forms of these verbs for each gender and number.

Solution:

  • ଯାଉଛି (yāuchi) - I go
  • ଯାଉଛିନ୍ତି (yāuchinti) - She goes
  • ଯାଉଛିଛି (yāuchhi) - It goes
  • ଯାଉଛିୟେ (yāuchhiye) - They go
  • ଆସୁଛି (āsuchi) - I come
  • ଆସୁଛିନ୍ତି (āsuchinti) - She comes
  • ଆସୁଛିଛି (āsuchhi) - It comes
  • ଆସୁଛିୟେ (āsuchhiye) - They come
  • କହୁଛି (kahuuchi) - I say
  • କହୁଛିନ୍ତି (kahuuchinti) - She says
  • କହୁଛିଛି (kahuuchhi) - It says
  • କହୁଛିୟେ (kahuuchhiye) - They say

Cultural Insight: Language Variation in Odia Verbs[edit | edit source]

While the formation of the present tense verbs remains consistent throughout the Odia-speaking regions, there are some variations in the usage and understanding of verbs.

In certain regions, especially the western parts of Odisha, the present tense of verbs is often influenced by the Sambalpuri dialect. Speakers from these regions may use slightly different verb endings or pronunciations. For example, instead of -ଉଛି (-uchi) for the masculine singular form, they might use -ଉଛିନ୍ (-uchin) or -ଉଛିନ୍ତିନ୍ (-uchintin). These variations add to the richness and diversity of the Odia language.

It's fascinating to see how language evolves and adapts across different regions, reflecting the unique cultural heritage and history of each place. Embracing these variations allows us to appreciate the beauty and diversity of the Odia language.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use the present tense of Odia verbs. This knowledge will enable you to express yourself accurately in various situations and describe ongoing actions or routines.

Remember to practice using the present tense in your conversations and written exercises to reinforce your understanding. As you progress in your journey to learn Odia, continue exploring the rich cultural aspects of the language, including its regional variations and historical influences.

In the next lesson, we will delve into the past tense of Odia verbs. Stay tuned for more exciting language learning adventures!

Table of Contents - Odia Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Odia Alphabet


Odia Syllables and Words


Basic Greetings and Phrases


Simple Sentences


Numbers and Time


Questions and Interrogatives


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Descriptions


Food and Dining


Verbs and Actions


Travel and Transportation


Pronouns and Possession


Weather and Seasons


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Odia Festivals and Celebrations


Odia Art and Music

Videos[edit | edit source]

Present Indefinite Tense in Odia - 2 ...[edit | edit source]



Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Ordering in a Restaurant — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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