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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Dari|Dari]]  → [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Dari/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Basic Prepositions</div>
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==Introduction to Basic Prepositions in Dari==
== Introduction ==


<p>Prepositions are an important part of any language as they help us to express time, place, and direction. In Dari, prepositions are used extensively to form meaningful sentences. In this lesson, we will learn the most common prepositions in Dari, their meanings, and how to use them correctly in sentences. Let's get started!</p>
In this lesson, we will delve into the topic of basic prepositions in the Dari language. Prepositions are essential in any language as they help us express location, time, and direction. Understanding and using prepositions correctly will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Dari. In this lesson, we will explore the most common prepositions in Dari, their meanings, and how to use them in sentences.


==What are Prepositions?==
== Basic Prepositions in Dari ==


<p>A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun and other words in a sentence. Prepositions are used to indicate position, direction, time, manner, or purpose.</p>
Dari, one of the official languages of Afghanistan, has a rich variety of prepositions to convey different meanings. Learning these prepositions will allow you to describe the location of objects, express time-related concepts, and indicate directions. Let's explore some of the basic prepositions in Dari along with their usage and examples.


<p>In Dari, prepositions are usually placed before the noun or pronoun they describe. In some cases, however, the preposition can also be placed at the end of the sentence.</p>
=== 1. برای (barāy) - For ===


==Common Prepositions in Dari==
The preposition "برای" (barāy) is used to express the purpose or reason for an action. It can also be translated as "for" in English. Take a look at the following examples:


<p>Here are some of the most commonly used prepositions in Dari along with their meanings and examples:</p>
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| من برای تاسو برنامه دارم. || Man barāy tāsū barnāmah dāram. || I have a plan for you.
|-
| این هدیه برای تو است. || Īn hadīye barāy tū ast. || This gift is for you.
|}


<table style="width:100%">
=== 2. در (dar) - In, At, On ===
  <tr>
    <th>Dari</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English Translation</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>به</td>
    <td>bé</td>
    <td>to</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>از</td>
    <td>az</td>
    <td>from</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>برای</td>
    <td>baráy</td>
    <td>for</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>در</td>
    <td>dar</td>
    <td>in, at</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>با</td>
    <td>bá</td>
    <td>with</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>روی</td>
    <td>ruy</td>
    <td>on, upon</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>پشت</td>
    <td>pasht</td>
    <td>behind</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>جلوی</td>
    <td>jelawí</td>
    <td>in front of, ahead of</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>در میان</td>
    <td>dar míyán</td>
    <td>in the middle of, among</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>بالای</td>
    <td>báláy</td>
    <td>above, over</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>زیر</td>
    <td>zír</td>
    <td>under, beneath</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>نزدیک</td>
    <td>nazdík</td>
    <td>near, close to</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>دور از</td>
    <td>dor áz</td>
    <td>far from</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>It is important to note that the meaning of a preposition can change based on the context in which it is used. Therefore, it is essential to understand the entire sentence to know the exact meaning of the preposition. </p>
The preposition "در" (dar) is a versatile preposition that can be translated as "in," "at," or "on" in English. Its usage depends on the context and the object it refers to. Here are a few examples:


==Using Prepositions in Sentences==
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| من در خانه هستم. || Man dar khāneh hastam. || I am at home.
|-
| کتاب روی میز است. || Ketāb rūy-e mīz ast. || The book is on the table.
|-
| ما در افغانستان زندگی می‌کنیم. || Mā dar Afghānestān zendegī mīkonim. || We live in Afghanistan.
|}


<p>Prepositions are used to describe the relationship between a noun and other words in a sentence. Here are some examples of how prepositions can be used in sentences:</p>
=== 3. بر (bar) - On, Upon ===


<ul>
The preposition "بر" (bar) is used to indicate that something is located on or upon something else. It can be translated as "on" or "upon" in English. Let's look at some examples:
  <li>من به کلاس می روم. (Man bé kelás mirawam.) - I am going to the class.</li>
  <li>آنها با دوستانشان ملاقات می کنند. (Ánhā bá dóstánashán meláqát mikonand.) - They are meeting with their friends.</li>
  <li>کتاب روی میز است. (Ketáb ruy miz ast.) - The book is on the table.</li>
  <li>ما در خانه می نشینیم. (Má dar kháneh mí neshínum.) - We are sitting at home.</li>
  <li>آن دختر در مدرسه می خواند. (Án dokhtar dar madrese mi kháwand.) - That girl is studying in school.</li>
</ul>


<p>As you can see from the examples above, prepositions are an essential part of sentence construction in Dari. They help to convey the correct meaning and convey the relationship between the noun and other words in the sentence. </p>
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| کاغذ بر میز است. || Kāghaz bar mīz ast. || The paper is on the table.
|-
| ما بر کوه قدم می‌زنیم. || Mā bar kūh qadam mīzanīm. || We walk on the mountain.
|}


==Conclusion==
=== 4. درباره (darbāre) - About ===


<p>In this lesson, we learned about the most common prepositions used in Dari, their meanings, and how to use them correctly in sentences. It is essential to understand the meaning of prepositions to form meaningful sentences correctly. In the next lesson, we will learn about conjunctions, which are used to connect words, phrases, and clauses in sentences. </p>
The preposition "درباره" (darbāre) is used to express the subject or topic of a conversation or discussion. It can be translated as "about" in English. Here are a few examples:


{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ما درباره فیلم صحبت می‌کنیم. || Mā darbāre film sohbat mīkonim. || We are talking about the movie.
|-
| او درباره کتاب می‌نویسد. || Ū darbāre ketāb mīnevīsad. || He/she is writing about the book.
|}


<span link>Well done on mastering this lesson! Don't miss these related pages to expand your knowledge: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Gender|Gender]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Verb-Conjugation|Basic Verb Conjugation]].</span>
=== 5. بین (bīn) - Between, Among ===
{{#seo:
 
|title=Dari Grammar: Prepositions and Conjunctions | Learn Prepositions and Conjunctions in Dari
The preposition "بین" (bīn) is used to indicate a position or relationship between two or more objects or people. It can be translated as "between" or "among" in English. Let's see some examples:
|keywords=Dari prepositions, Dari conjunctions, prepositions in Dari, how to use prepositions in Dari, Learn Prepositions and Conjunctions in Dari
 
|description=Learn the most common Dari prepositions their meanings how to use them in sentences to express location, time, and direction. Use Dari conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and sentences. Get to the complete A1 level with this Dari course!
{| class="wikitable"
}}
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| کتاب بین دو میز است. || Ketāb bīn do mīz ast. || The book is between two tables.
|-
| او بین دوستان قرار دارد. || Ū bīn dustān qarār dārad. || He/she is among friends.
|}
 
=== 6. روی (rūy) - On, Onto ===
 
The preposition "روی" (rūy) is used to indicate that something is located on or onto something else. It can be translated as "on" or "onto" in English. Let's look at some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| کاسه روی میز است. || Kāse rūy mīz ast. || The cup is on the table.
|-
| او کتاب را روی میز می‌گذارد. || Ū ketāb rā rūy mīz mīgozārad. || He/she puts the book on the table.
|}
 
=== 7. برای‌رسانی (barāy-rasānī) - To, Towards ===
 
The preposition "برای‌رسانی" (barāy-rasānī) is used to indicate movement or direction towards something or someone. It can be translated as "to" or "towards" in English. Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| من به کتابخانه می‌روم. || Man be ketābkhāneh mīrum. || I am going to the library.
|-
| او به من می‌خندد. || Ū be man mīkhandid. || He/she is smiling at me.
|}
 
=== 8. داخل (dākhel) - Inside, Into ===
 
The preposition "داخل" (dākhel) is used to indicate movement or position inside something or somewhere. It can be translated as "inside" or "into" in English. Let's see some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ما داخل خانه هستیم. || Mā dākhel khāneh hastīm. || We are inside the house.
|-
| او کتاب را داخل کیف می‌گذارد. || Ū ketāb rā dākhel kīf mīgozārad. || He/she puts the book into the bag.
|}
 
=== 9. پشت (posht) - Behind ===
 
The preposition "پشت" (posht) is used to indicate the position or location behind something or someone. It can be translated as "behind" in English. Let's look at some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ما پشت در هستیم. || Mā posht dar hastīm. || We are behind the door.
|-
| او پشت کتابخانه است. || Ū posht-e ketābkhāneh ast. || He/she is behind the library.
|}
 
=== 10. جلو (jelo) - In Front of ===
 
The preposition "جلو" (jelo) is used to indicate the position or location in front of something or someone. It can be translated as "in front of" in English. Here are a few examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| کتاب جلو میز است. || Ketāb jelo mīz ast. || The book is in front of the table.
|-
| او جلو کلاس قرار دارد. || Ū jelo kelās qarār dārad. || He/she is in front of the class.
|}
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
Understanding the cultural context of language is essential for effective communication. In Afghanistan, Dari is spoken by a significant portion of the population and carries cultural nuances specific to the region. Here are some cultural insights related to the use of prepositions in Dari:
 
1. Social Etiquette: When referring to someone older or in a higher position, it is common to add the preposition "در" (dar) before their name as a sign of respect. For example, "در حاجی صاحب" (dar Hājī Sāheb) means "Mr. Hājī" or "Hājī Sir."
 
2. Religious References: Dari, being one of the official languages of Afghanistan, carries religious significance as well. Prepositions such as "به" (be) meaning "to" or "towards" are often used to express devotion or reverence towards God or religious figures.
 
3. Traditional Practices: In traditional Afghan culture, it is customary to welcome guests with warm hospitality. The preposition "به" (be) is used when inviting someone into your home, as in "به خانه ما خوش آمدید" (be khāne-ye mā khosh āmaded), meaning "Welcome to our home."
 
4. Historical Influences: Afghanistan has a rich history with various cultural influences from neighboring countries. For instance, the preposition "به‌سوی" (be-suī) meaning "towards" is derived from Persian and reflects the historical and cultural connections between the two languages.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now that we have explored the basic prepositions in Dari, it's time to practice using them in sentences. Complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:
 
1. من برای تو __ نامه نوشتم. (barāy)
2. کتاب __ روی میز است. (در)
3. ما بین __ میز نشسته‌ایم. (دو)
4. او درباره فیلم __ صحبت می‌کند. (در)
5. کاغذ __ میز است. (بر)
6. من به کتابخانه __ می‌روم. (برای‌رسانی)
7. او کتاب را __ کیف می‌گذارد. (داخل)
8. ما پشت __ در هستیم. (جلو)
9. کتاب __ جلو میز است. (در)
10. او __ کلاس قرار دارد. (پشت)
 
== Solutions ==
 
Here are the solutions to the practice exercises:
 
1. من برای تو نامه نوشتم. (barāy)
2. کتاب در روی میز است. (در)
3. ما بین دو میز نشسته‌ایم. (دو)
4. او درباره فیلم صحبت می‌کند. (در)
5. کاغذ بر میز است. (بر)
6. من به کتابخانه می‌روم. (برای‌رسانی)
7. او کتاب را داخل کیف می‌گذارد. (داخل)
8. ما پشت در جلو هستیم. (جلو)
9. کتاب در جلو میز است. (در)
10. او پشت کلاس قرار دارد. (پشت)
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have completed the lesson on basic prepositions in Dari. Prepositions are an essential part of any language, allowing us to express location, time, and direction. By mastering the usage of prepositions in Dari, you will be able to communicate more effectively and confidently. Keep practicing and exploring the nuances of the Dari language to further enhance your language skills.


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==Sources==
* [http://mylanguages.org/dari_prepositions.php Dari Prepositions]
* [https://www.iam-afghanistan.org/lcp/downloads/dari-grammar.pdf A Learner's Grammar of Dari]
* [http://learn101.org/dari_grammar.php Dari Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
 




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==Sources==
* [http://mylanguages.org/dari_prepositions.php Dari Prepositions]
* [https://www.iam-afghanistan.org/lcp/downloads/dari-grammar.pdf A Learner's Grammar of Dari]
* [http://learn101.org/dari_grammar.php Dari Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]


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<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Dari/Vocabulary/Eating-Out|◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Dari/Grammar/Conjunctions|Next Lesson — Conjunctions ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 04:35, 22 June 2023

◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Conjunctions ▶️

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Dari → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Basic Prepositions

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will delve into the topic of basic prepositions in the Dari language. Prepositions are essential in any language as they help us express location, time, and direction. Understanding and using prepositions correctly will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Dari. In this lesson, we will explore the most common prepositions in Dari, their meanings, and how to use them in sentences.

Basic Prepositions in Dari[edit | edit source]

Dari, one of the official languages of Afghanistan, has a rich variety of prepositions to convey different meanings. Learning these prepositions will allow you to describe the location of objects, express time-related concepts, and indicate directions. Let's explore some of the basic prepositions in Dari along with their usage and examples.

1. برای (barāy) - For[edit | edit source]

The preposition "برای" (barāy) is used to express the purpose or reason for an action. It can also be translated as "for" in English. Take a look at the following examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
من برای تاسو برنامه دارم. Man barāy tāsū barnāmah dāram. I have a plan for you.
این هدیه برای تو است. Īn hadīye barāy tū ast. This gift is for you.

2. در (dar) - In, At, On[edit | edit source]

The preposition "در" (dar) is a versatile preposition that can be translated as "in," "at," or "on" in English. Its usage depends on the context and the object it refers to. Here are a few examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
من در خانه هستم. Man dar khāneh hastam. I am at home.
کتاب روی میز است. Ketāb rūy-e mīz ast. The book is on the table.
ما در افغانستان زندگی می‌کنیم. Mā dar Afghānestān zendegī mīkonim. We live in Afghanistan.

3. بر (bar) - On, Upon[edit | edit source]

The preposition "بر" (bar) is used to indicate that something is located on or upon something else. It can be translated as "on" or "upon" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
کاغذ بر میز است. Kāghaz bar mīz ast. The paper is on the table.
ما بر کوه قدم می‌زنیم. Mā bar kūh qadam mīzanīm. We walk on the mountain.

4. درباره (darbāre) - About[edit | edit source]

The preposition "درباره" (darbāre) is used to express the subject or topic of a conversation or discussion. It can be translated as "about" in English. Here are a few examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
ما درباره فیلم صحبت می‌کنیم. Mā darbāre film sohbat mīkonim. We are talking about the movie.
او درباره کتاب می‌نویسد. Ū darbāre ketāb mīnevīsad. He/she is writing about the book.

5. بین (bīn) - Between, Among[edit | edit source]

The preposition "بین" (bīn) is used to indicate a position or relationship between two or more objects or people. It can be translated as "between" or "among" in English. Let's see some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
کتاب بین دو میز است. Ketāb bīn do mīz ast. The book is between two tables.
او بین دوستان قرار دارد. Ū bīn dustān qarār dārad. He/she is among friends.

6. روی (rūy) - On, Onto[edit | edit source]

The preposition "روی" (rūy) is used to indicate that something is located on or onto something else. It can be translated as "on" or "onto" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
کاسه روی میز است. Kāse rūy mīz ast. The cup is on the table.
او کتاب را روی میز می‌گذارد. Ū ketāb rā rūy mīz mīgozārad. He/she puts the book on the table.

7. برای‌رسانی (barāy-rasānī) - To, Towards[edit | edit source]

The preposition "برای‌رسانی" (barāy-rasānī) is used to indicate movement or direction towards something or someone. It can be translated as "to" or "towards" in English. Here are a few examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
من به کتابخانه می‌روم. Man be ketābkhāneh mīrum. I am going to the library.
او به من می‌خندد. Ū be man mīkhandid. He/she is smiling at me.

8. داخل (dākhel) - Inside, Into[edit | edit source]

The preposition "داخل" (dākhel) is used to indicate movement or position inside something or somewhere. It can be translated as "inside" or "into" in English. Let's see some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
ما داخل خانه هستیم. Mā dākhel khāneh hastīm. We are inside the house.
او کتاب را داخل کیف می‌گذارد. Ū ketāb rā dākhel kīf mīgozārad. He/she puts the book into the bag.

9. پشت (posht) - Behind[edit | edit source]

The preposition "پشت" (posht) is used to indicate the position or location behind something or someone. It can be translated as "behind" in English. Let's look at some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
ما پشت در هستیم. Mā posht dar hastīm. We are behind the door.
او پشت کتابخانه است. Ū posht-e ketābkhāneh ast. He/she is behind the library.

10. جلو (jelo) - In Front of[edit | edit source]

The preposition "جلو" (jelo) is used to indicate the position or location in front of something or someone. It can be translated as "in front of" in English. Here are a few examples:

Dari Pronunciation English Translation
کتاب جلو میز است. Ketāb jelo mīz ast. The book is in front of the table.
او جلو کلاس قرار دارد. Ū jelo kelās qarār dārad. He/she is in front of the class.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Understanding the cultural context of language is essential for effective communication. In Afghanistan, Dari is spoken by a significant portion of the population and carries cultural nuances specific to the region. Here are some cultural insights related to the use of prepositions in Dari:

1. Social Etiquette: When referring to someone older or in a higher position, it is common to add the preposition "در" (dar) before their name as a sign of respect. For example, "در حاجی صاحب" (dar Hājī Sāheb) means "Mr. Hājī" or "Hājī Sir."

2. Religious References: Dari, being one of the official languages of Afghanistan, carries religious significance as well. Prepositions such as "به" (be) meaning "to" or "towards" are often used to express devotion or reverence towards God or religious figures.

3. Traditional Practices: In traditional Afghan culture, it is customary to welcome guests with warm hospitality. The preposition "به" (be) is used when inviting someone into your home, as in "به خانه ما خوش آمدید" (be khāne-ye mā khosh āmaded), meaning "Welcome to our home."

4. Historical Influences: Afghanistan has a rich history with various cultural influences from neighboring countries. For instance, the preposition "به‌سوی" (be-suī) meaning "towards" is derived from Persian and reflects the historical and cultural connections between the two languages.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have explored the basic prepositions in Dari, it's time to practice using them in sentences. Complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:

1. من برای تو __ نامه نوشتم. (barāy) 2. کتاب __ روی میز است. (در) 3. ما بین __ میز نشسته‌ایم. (دو) 4. او درباره فیلم __ صحبت می‌کند. (در) 5. کاغذ __ میز است. (بر) 6. من به کتابخانه __ می‌روم. (برای‌رسانی) 7. او کتاب را __ کیف می‌گذارد. (داخل) 8. ما پشت __ در هستیم. (جلو) 9. کتاب __ جلو میز است. (در) 10. او __ کلاس قرار دارد. (پشت)

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions to the practice exercises:

1. من برای تو نامه نوشتم. (barāy) 2. کتاب در روی میز است. (در) 3. ما بین دو میز نشسته‌ایم. (دو) 4. او درباره فیلم صحبت می‌کند. (در) 5. کاغذ بر میز است. (بر) 6. من به کتابخانه می‌روم. (برای‌رسانی) 7. او کتاب را داخل کیف می‌گذارد. (داخل) 8. ما پشت در جلو هستیم. (جلو) 9. کتاب در جلو میز است. (در) 10. او پشت کلاس قرار دارد. (پشت)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have completed the lesson on basic prepositions in Dari. Prepositions are an essential part of any language, allowing us to express location, time, and direction. By mastering the usage of prepositions in Dari, you will be able to communicate more effectively and confidently. Keep practicing and exploring the nuances of the Dari language to further enhance your language skills.

Table of Contents - Dari Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Articles


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Dari-speaking Countries and Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negations


Weather and Seasons


Past and Future Tenses


Dari Literature and Media


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Conjunctions ▶️

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