Difference between revisions of "Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Compound-Prepositions-and-Postpositions"

Latest revision as of 00:49, 19 June 2023

◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Basic Nature Vocabulary ▶️

Kazakh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions and Postpositions → Compound Prepositions and Postpositions

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will delve into the intricacies of Kazakh grammar by exploring compound prepositions and postpositions. Building on the foundation of simple prepositions and postpositions, we will learn how to use these more complex structures in the construction of complex sentences. This topic is essential for understanding the nuances of the Kazakh language and expressing more sophisticated ideas. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of compound prepositions and postpositions, and be able to use them confidently in your own Kazakh communication.

Compound Prepositions and Postpositions[edit | edit source]

Compound prepositions and postpositions are formed by combining a simple preposition or postposition with another word or phrase. These combinations create new meanings and allow for a greater range of expression in Kazakh. Let's explore some common compound prepositions and postpositions and their usage in complex sentences.

Compound Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Compound prepositions are used to indicate relationships between objects, locations, or actions. They are formed by combining a simple preposition with a noun, pronoun, or adverb. Here are some examples:

Kazakh	Pronunciation	English Translation
арасында	arasında	between
ортасында	ortasında	in the middle of
департаулар арасында	departaular arasında	among the participants
артында	artında	behind
ортасында	ortasında	in the center of
алдында	aldynda	in front of
жануарлар арасында	januarlar arasında	among the animals

In the examples above, we can see how the compound prepositions modify the meaning of the simple prepositions. For instance, "арасында" (arasında) combines the simple preposition "ара" (ara) meaning "between" with the noun "сыйлықтар" (sıylıqtar) meaning "gifts" to create the compound preposition "сыйлықтар арасында" (sıylıqtar arasında), which means "between the gifts". Similarly, "артында" (artında) combines the simple preposition "арты" (artı) meaning "behind" with the noun "түрлер" (türler) meaning "species" to create the compound preposition "түрлер артында" (türler artında), which means "behind the species".

Compound prepositions can also be formed by combining a simple preposition with a pronoun or adverb. Here are some examples:

Kazakh	Pronunciation	English Translation
оның артында	onıñ artynda	behind him/her
оның алдында	onıñ aldynda	in front of him/her
сенің бірің арасында	seniñ biriñ arasında	between you and me
олардың ішінде	olardyñ ishinde	among them

In these examples, the simple prepositions "артында" (artında) and "алдында" (aldynda) are combined with the pronouns "оның" (onıñ) meaning "him/her" and "сенің" (seniñ) meaning "you" to create compound prepositions that indicate relationships between different individuals or groups.

Compound Postpositions[edit | edit source]

Compound postpositions are used to indicate relationships between verbs, adjectives, or nouns. They are formed by combining a simple postposition with a verb, adjective, or noun. Here are some examples:

Kazakh	Pronunciation	English Translation
әріппен	ärippen	with the letter
бірге	birge	together
бірге бастау	birge bastaý	to start together
арқылы	arqyly	through
арқылы өту	arqyly ötw	to pass through
артында	artında	after
артында бару	artında barw	to go after

In these examples, we can see how the compound postpositions modify the meaning of the simple postpositions. For example, "әріппен" (ärippen) combines the simple postposition "пен" (pen) meaning "with" with the noun "әріп" (ärip) meaning "letter" to create the compound postposition "әріппен" (ärippen), which means "with the letter". Similarly, "арқылы" (arqyly) combines the simple postposition "ы" (y) meaning "through" with the verb "өту" (ötü) meaning "to pass" to create the compound postposition "арқылы өту" (arqyly ötw), which means "to pass through".

Compound postpositions can also be formed by combining a simple postposition with a verb, adjective, or noun. Here are some examples:

Kazakh	Pronunciation	English Translation
алдында оқу	aldynda oqý	to read before
артында бару	artında barw	to go after
олардың ішінде	olardyñ ishinde	among them
қарсысында тұру	qarsysında twru	to stand against

In these examples, the simple postpositions "алдында" (aldynda) and "артында" (artında) are combined with the verbs "оқу" (oqý) meaning "to read" and "бару" (barw) meaning "to go" to create compound postpositions that indicate relationships between different actions or states.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The usage of compound prepositions and postpositions in Kazakh language varies across different regions and is influenced by historical factors. In the southern regions of Kazakhstan, for example, the compound preposition "арасында" (arasında) is commonly used to indicate "between", whereas in the northern regions, the compound preposition "артында" (artında) is preferred. This regional variation reflects the historical influence of different Turkic tribes and their dialects on the Kazakh language.

Interesting Fact: The compound preposition "олардың ішінде" (olardyñ ishinde) meaning "among them" is often used in Kazakh oral tradition to describe the inclusion and diversity within a group. This reflects the nomadic heritage of the Kazakh people, who have historically lived in close-knit communities and valued inclusivity.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now let's put our knowledge of compound prepositions and postpositions to practice with some exercises.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate compound preposition or postposition.

1. Кітаптар ___________ жерде тұрды. (арасында / артында) 2. Сенің бірің ___________ менің арасында. (арасында / артында) 3. Мекенің ___________ қала арасында. (арасында / артында) 4. Мектеп ___________ жерде тұр. (арасында / артында)

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Kazakh.

1. I am standing behind the tree. 2. The cat is running between the houses. 3. We are going after the bus. 4. He is reading before eating.

Exercise Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1:

1. Кітаптар __арасында__ жерде тұрды. 2. Сенің бірің __арасында__ менің арасында. 3. Мекенің __арасында__ қала арасында. 4. Мектеп __арасында__ жерде тұр.

Exercise 2:

1. Мен ағаштық __артында__ тұрмын. 2. Мысықтар __арасында__ үріп жатыр. 3. Біз автобустан __артында__ баратын жатамыз. 4. Ол жеме __алдында__ оқып жатады.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have explored the world of compound prepositions and postpositions in the Kazakh language. We have learned how these structures are formed by combining simple prepositions and postpositions with nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Through examples and exercises, we have practiced using compound prepositions and postpositions to express a wide range of relationships and meanings. By mastering this aspect of Kazakh grammar, you will be able to construct more nuanced and complex sentences in your communication. Keep practicing and exploring the rich grammar of the Kazakh language, and you will continue to progress on your journey to fluency.

Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Kazakh Pronunciation

Greetings and Basic Expressions

Kazakh Cases

Food and Drink

Verbs

Traditions and Customs

Family and Relationships

Adjectives

Traveling and Directions

Pronouns

Shopping and Consumerism

Art and Literature

Adverbs

Health and Medical Emergencies

Sports and Recreation

Prepositions and Postpositions

Simple Prepositions
Compound Prepositions and Postpositions

Nature and Environment

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Basic Nature Vocabulary ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Simple-Prepositions|◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Basic-Nature-Vocabulary|Next Lesson — Basic Nature Vocabulary ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Kazakh-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kazakh|Kazakh]]  → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Postpositions → Compound Prepositions and Postpositions</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">Kazakh Grammar → Prepositions and Postpositions → Compound Prepositions and Postpositions</div>
 __TOC__
-In the previous lesson, we discussed the basics of prepositions and postpositions in Kazakh. In this lesson, we will dive deeper and explore compound prepositions and postpositions and their usage in complex sentences.
+== Introduction ==
+In this lesson, we will delve into the intricacies of Kazakh grammar by exploring compound prepositions and postpositions. Building on the foundation of simple prepositions and postpositions, we will learn how to use these more complex structures in the construction of complex sentences. This topic is essential for understanding the nuances of the Kazakh language and expressing more sophisticated ideas. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of compound prepositions and postpositions, and be able to use them confidently in your own Kazakh communication.
+== Compound Prepositions and Postpositions ==
+Compound prepositions and postpositions are formed by combining a simple preposition or postposition with another word or phrase. These combinations create new meanings and allow for a greater range of expression in Kazakh. Let's explore some common compound prepositions and postpositions and their usage in complex sentences.
-== Compound Prepositions ==
+=== Compound Prepositions ===
-Compound prepositions are created by combining two or more words to form a single preposition. They are used to convey more specific meanings and are commonly used in complex sentence structures. Here are some examples:
+Compound prepositions are used to indicate relationships between objects, locations, or actions. They are formed by combining a simple preposition with a noun, pronoun, or adverb. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+|-
+| арасында || arasında || between
+|-
+| ортасында || ortasında || in the middle of
+|-
+| департаулар арасында || departaular arasında || among the participants
+|-
+| артында || artında || behind
 |-
-| қарама-қаршы || qarama-qarshy || opposite to
+| ортасында || ortasında || in the center of
 |-
-| бойынша || boiynsha || about, concerning
+| алдында || aldynda || in front of
 |-
-| арқылы || arqyly || through, by means of
+| жануарлар арасында || januarlar arasında || among the animals
+|}
+In the examples above, we can see how the compound prepositions modify the meaning of the simple prepositions. For instance, "арасында" (arasında) combines the simple preposition "ара" (ara) meaning "between" with the noun "сыйлықтар" (sıylıqtar) meaning "gifts" to create the compound preposition "сыйлықтар арасында" (sıylıqtar arasında), which means "between the gifts". Similarly, "артында" (artında) combines the simple preposition "арты" (artı) meaning "behind" with the noun "түрлер" (türler) meaning "species" to create the compound preposition "түрлер артында" (türler artında), which means "behind the species".
+Compound prepositions can also be formed by combining a simple preposition with a pronoun or adverb. Here are some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 |-
-| бірге || birge || together with
+| оның артында || onıñ artynda || behind him/her
 |-
-| қарсыласа || qarsylasa || in spite of
+| оның алдында || onıñ aldynda || in front of him/her
 |-
-| астында || astynda || under, beneath
+| сенің бірің арасында || seniñ biriñ arasında || between you and me
 |-
-| жанында || zhaninda || next to, beside
+| олардың ішінде || olardyñ ishinde || among them
 |}
-Note that there are no specific rules for creating compound prepositions. They are formed based on common usage and convention.
+In these examples, the simple prepositions "артында" (artında) and "алдында" (aldynda) are combined with the pronouns "оның" (onıñ) meaning "him/her" and "сенің" (seniñ) meaning "you" to create compound prepositions that indicate relationships between different individuals or groups.
-== Compound Postpositions ==
+=== Compound Postpositions ===
-Compound postpositions are formed in the same way as compound prepositions, but they come after the noun or pronoun they modify. Here are some examples:
+Compound postpositions are used to indicate relationships between verbs, adjectives, or nouns. They are formed by combining a simple postposition with a verb, adjective, or noun. Here are some examples:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+|-
+| әріппен || ärippen || with the letter
 |-
-| ішінде || ishinde || inside
+| бірге || birge || together
 |-
-| туралы || turaly || about, concerning
+| бірге бастау || birge bastaý || to start together
 |-
-| бойынша || boiynsha || according to
+| арқылы || arqyly || through
+|-
+| арқылы өту || arqyly ötw || to pass through
+|-
+| артында || artında || after
+|-
+| артында бару || artında barw || to go after
+|}
+In these examples, we can see how the compound postpositions modify the meaning of the simple postpositions. For example, "әріппен" (ärippen) combines the simple postposition "пен" (pen) meaning "with" with the noun "әріп" (ärip) meaning "letter" to create the compound postposition "әріппен" (ärippen), which means "with the letter". Similarly, "арқылы" (arqyly) combines the simple postposition "ы" (y) meaning "through" with the verb "өту" (ötü) meaning "to pass" to create the compound postposition "арқылы өту" (arqyly ötw), which means "to pass through".
+Compound postpositions can also be formed by combining a simple postposition with a verb, adjective, or noun. Here are some examples:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 |-
-| арқылы || arqyly || behind
+| алдында оқу || aldynda oqý || to read before
 |-
-| шешесінше || sheshesinshe || as soon as
+| артында бару || artında barw || to go after
 |-
-| дейін || deyin || until, up to
+| олардың ішінде || olardyñ ishinde || among them
 |-
-| жайына || zhaiyna || next to, beside
+| қарсысында тұру || qarsysında twru || to stand against
 |}
-Again, there are no specific rules for forming compound postpositions. They are formed based on common usage and convention.
+In these examples, the simple postpositions "алдында" (aldynda) and "артында" (artında) are combined with the verbs "оқу" (oqý) meaning "to read" and "бару" (barw) meaning "to go" to create compound postpositions that indicate relationships between different actions or states.
+== Cultural Insights ==
+The usage of compound prepositions and postpositions in Kazakh language varies across different regions and is influenced by historical factors. In the southern regions of Kazakhstan, for example, the compound preposition "арасында" (arasında) is commonly used to indicate "between", whereas in the northern regions, the compound preposition "артында" (artında) is preferred. This regional variation reflects the historical influence of different Turkic tribes and their dialects on the Kazakh language.
+Interesting Fact: The compound preposition "олардың ішінде" (olardyñ ishinde) meaning "among them" is often used in Kazakh oral tradition to describe the inclusion and diversity within a group. This reflects the nomadic heritage of the Kazakh people, who have historically lived in close-knit communities and valued inclusivity.
+== Practice Exercises ==
+Now let's put our knowledge of compound prepositions and postpositions to practice with some exercises.
+Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate compound preposition or postposition.
+. Кітаптар ___________ жерде тұрды. (арасында / артында)
+. Сенің бірің ___________ менің арасында. (арасында / артында)
+. Мекенің ___________ қала арасында. (арасында / артында)
+. Мектеп ___________ жерде тұр. (арасында / артында)
-== Usage in Complex Sentences ==
+Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Kazakh.
-Compound prepositions and postpositions are commonly used in complex sentence structures in Kazakh. Here are some examples:
+. I am standing behind the tree.
+. The cat is running between the houses.
+. We are going after the bus.
+. He is reading before eating.
-* Осы жерде қарама-қаршы қоршамай жүрдік. (Osı jerde qarama-qarshy qorshamay jyrdik.) - We walked without looking opposite to this place.
+== Exercise Solutions ==
-* Олар тағы бір-бірімен бірге уақыт өтірді. (Olar taghy bir-birimn birge uaqty otirdi.) - They spent time together again.
-* Нақты өткенімен біз сабаққа келмегеніміз күні тәртіпке келмейді. (Naqty atkemyzmen biz sabaqqa kelmehenimiz kuny tertypke kelmedі.) - We don't go according to schedule if we aren't on time.
-* Бекітемінің арқылы мен өлеңдер туралы толық ақпарат алғанмыз. (Bekitemіnіng arqyly men oleNder turaly tolyq aqparat alghanmyz.) - Through Bekitemin, we learned complete information about funerals.
-As you can see from the examples, compound prepositions and postpositions are used to convey more specific meanings in complex sentence structures. It is important to master their usage in order to communicate effectively in Kazakh.
+Exercise 1:
-== Summary ==
+. Кітаптар __арасында__ жерде тұрды.
+. Сенің бірің __арасында__ менің арасында.
+. Мекенің __арасында__ қала арасында.
+. Мектеп __арасында__ жерде тұр.
-In this lesson, we explored compound prepositions and postpositions in Kazakh and their usage in complex sentences. We learned that compound prepositions are formed by combining two or more words to form a single preposition, while compound postpositions come after the noun or pronoun they modify. We also saw some examples of their usage in complex sentence structures. It is important to practice these concepts in order to effectively communicate in Kazakh.
+Exercise 2:
-== Sources ==
+. Мен ағаштық __артында__ тұрмын.
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language Kazakh Language]
+. Мысықтар __арасында__ үріп жатыр.
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_grammar Kazakh Grammar]
+. Біз автобустан __артында__ баратын жатамыз.
+. Ол жеме __алдында__ оқып жатады.
+== Conclusion ==
+In this lesson, we have explored the world of compound prepositions and postpositions in the Kazakh language. We have learned how these structures are formed by combining simple prepositions and postpositions with nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Through examples and exercises, we have practiced using compound prepositions and postpositions to express a wide range of relationships and meanings. By mastering this aspect of Kazakh grammar, you will be able to construct more nuanced and complex sentences in your communication. Keep practicing and exploring the rich grammar of the Kazakh language, and you will continue to progress on your journey to fluency.
 {{#seo:
 |title=Kazakh Grammar → Prepositions and Postpositions → Compound Prepositions and Postpositions
-|keywords=Kazakh, grammar, prepositions, postpositions, compound prepositions, compound postpositions
+|keywords=Kazakh grammar, compound prepositions, compound postpositions, Kazakh language, complex sentences, regional variations
-|description=Discover the compound prepositions and postpositions in Kazakh and their usage in complex sentences in this lesson of the Complete 0 to A1 Kazakh Course.
+|description=In this lesson, you will delve into the intricacies of Kazakh grammar by exploring compound prepositions and postpositions. Building on the foundation of simple prepositions and postpositions, you will learn how to use these more complex structures in the construction of complex sentences.
 }}
@@ Line 87: / Line 157: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Kazakh-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
-==Related Lessons==
+==Other Lessons==
 * [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
 * [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Attributive-and-Predicative-Adjectives|Attributive and Predicative Adjectives]]
@@ Line 99: / Line 173: @@
 * [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Stress-and-Intonation|Stress and Intonation]]
 * [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
 {{Kazakh-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Simple-Prepositions|◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Basic-Nature-Vocabulary|Next Lesson — Basic Nature Vocabulary ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>