Language/Tajik/Grammar/Using-Adverbs

Tajik → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjectives and Adverbs → Using Adverbs

Adverbs are an essential part of Tajik language. They are used to give more information about the verb in a sentence. Just like adjectives, adverbs play a crucial role in making the language more descriptive and helping to convey the message clearly. In this lesson, we will learn how to use adverbs in Tajik and also see some examples.

Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: Adjectives & How to Use Be.

What are Adverbs?

Adverbs are words that describe or modify the verbs in a sentence. They tell us how, when or where something happened. They add more detail to the verb and help to create more complex sentences. For example

• Шумо зуд гап задед - You speak quickly.

The adverb "зуд" (quickly) modifies the verb "гап задед" (speak), telling us how you speak.

Adverbs are flexible and can be placed in different parts of a sentence. In Tajik, an adverb typically follows the verb it modifies, but it isn't always the case.

Types of Adverbs

There are many types of adverbs in Tajik language, but let's focus on five major types:

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of manner describe how an action is performed. They are often formed by adding the suffix "-ан" to the adjective. Here are some examples:

Tajik	Pronunciation	English
истода - чизефтан	istoda - chizeftan	to stand - straighten
гирифта - тошак кардан	girifta - toshak kardan	to pick up - carefully
дидан - якдигарро	didan - yakdigarro	to look - closely

Note how the suffix "-ан" is added to the adjectives "чизефтан" (straighten), "тошак кардан" (pick up), and "якдигар" (closely) to form the corresponding adverbs "чизефтанан" (straight), "тошак карданан" (carefully), and "якдигарро" (closely).

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of time describe when an action happened. Some examples include:

• рӯзии нав - today
• соати ҳафт - every week
• дар зимистон - in winter

Adverbs of time do not follow any particular pattern or use any specific suffix.

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of place describe where an action takes place. Some common examples include:

• дар дарсхона - in the classroom
• берӯн аз хона - outside the house
• дар ёдгоруҳ - in a museum

Just like adverbs of time, these adverbs have no specific pattern in their formation.

Adverbs of degree

Adverbs of degree describe the intensity or quantity of an action. In Tajik language, they are often formed by adding the suffix "-тар" to the adjective, which signifies "more" or "most." For example:

Tajik	Pronunciation	English
бузург - бузургтар	buzurg - buzurgtar	big - bigger
хубсурат - хубсураттар	khubsurat - khubsurattar	beautiful - more beautiful
гарм - гармтар	garm - garmtar	hot - hotter

Note how the suffix "-тар" is added to the adjectives "бузург" (big), "хубсурат" (beautiful) and "гарм" (hot) to form the corresponding adverbs "бузургтар" (bigger), "хубсураттар" (more beautiful), and "гармтар" (hotter).

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of frequency describe how often an action is performed. They are often formed by adding the suffix "-онда" to the numeral. For example:

• хонаҳои ҷудои бисёронда - many houses
• аз ғузаштагон онда - after ten times
• якрамз онда - once a year

Note how the suffix "-онда" is added to numerals in "бисёр" (many), "дас" (ten), and "рамз" (year) to form the corresponding adverbs "бисёронда" (many times), "ондасӣ" (after ten times), and "ондайи солӣ" (once a year).

How to Use Adverbs in a Sentence

As previously mentioned, adverbs usually follow the verb they modify, but they can sometimes appear before or after the verb depending on the sentence structure. For example:

• Ман зуд бошта меравам - I walk quickly. (adverb follows the verb)
• Зуд ман бошта меравам - Quickly, I walk. (adverb appears before the subject)

When there is more than one adverb in a sentence, they are usually arranged in the following order: manner, place, time, and frequency. However, Tajik language is flexible and allows for adverbs to be placed in different positions. For example:

• Ман зуд бошта дар бозор меравам - I quickly walk in the market. (manner + place)
• Ман зуд бошта дар зимистон дар бозор меравам - I quickly walk in the market in winter. (manner + place + time)

Practice Sentences

Here are some practice sentences using adverbs.

• Ман хеле зуд хӯрдам - I ate very quickly.
• Ту дарсхонаи мо додан ба ман зуд дохил шудаи - You quickly entered into our classroom.
• У дар китобхона бисёронда ёдгор кард - She often studied in the library.

As you continue to learn Tajik language, you will encounter many more different types of adverbs. Keep practicing, keep learning, and keep exploring the richness and beauty of Tajik language!

Table of Contents - Tajik Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Alphabet and Pronunciation

• Introduction to the Tajik Alphabet
• Vowels and Consonants

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb Order
• Negation in Sentences

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-20
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Gender and Plurality of Nouns
• Personal Pronouns

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Describing Relationships

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Using Adjectives
• Using Adverbs

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Foods
• Eating and Drinking

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Asking for Directions

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Using Prepositions
• Using Conjunctions

  ---

Shopping and Money

• Shopping Vocabulary
• Money and Currency

  ---

Tajik Customs and Traditions

• Holidays and Celebrations
• Etiquette and Social Norms

Other Lessons

• Subject Object Verb Order
• Gender and Plurality of Nouns
• Using Conjunctions
• Personal pronouns
• Personal Pronouns
• 0 to A1 Course
• Questions
• Vowels and Consonants
• Negation in Sentences