Difference between revisions of "Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Coordinating-and-Subordinating-Conjunctions"
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|[[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|◀️ Common Prepositions — Previous Lesson]] | |||
|[[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️]] | |||
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As a Greek language teacher, I have found that coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are a very important aspect of modern Greek grammar. These two types of conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. They are essential for expressing ideas and building complex sentences in modern Greek. In this lesson, you will learn how to use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in modern Greek, along with interesting cultural information and useful tips. | As a Greek language teacher, I have found that coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are a very important aspect of modern Greek grammar. These two types of conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. They are essential for expressing ideas and building complex sentences in modern Greek. In this lesson, you will learn how to use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in modern Greek, along with interesting cultural information and useful tips. | ||
<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]] & [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verbes-elliptiques,-impersonnels-et-irréguliers|Verbes elliptiques, impersonnels et irréguliers]].</span> | |||
== Coordinating Conjunctions == | == Coordinating Conjunctions == | ||
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two or more words, phrases, or independent clauses. There are seven coordinating conjunctions in modern Greek: "και" (kai), "ή" (i), "ούτε" (oute), "αλλά" (alla), "μα" (ma), "ή...ή" (i...i), and "άλλωστε" (alloste). | Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two or more words, phrases, or independent clauses. There are seven coordinating conjunctions in modern Greek: "και" (kai), "ή" (i), "ούτε" (oute), "αλλά" (alla), "μα" (ma), "ή...ή" (i...i), and "άλλωστε" (alloste). | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Έχω ένα σκύλο | | Έχω ένα σκύλο κι ένα γάτο || Ého éna skýlo ke éna gáto || I have a dog and a cat | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Τρώω κοτόπουλο | | Τρώω κοτόπουλο με ρύζι || Tróo kotópoulo ke rýzi || I am eating chicken and rice | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Πάω | | Πάω για κολύμπι και μετά φεύγω στο σινεμά || Páo na kolymbíso ke metá sto sinemá || I am going to swim and then to the cinema | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Τι θα πιεις; Καφέ ή τσάι; || Thélis kafé i tsái? || Do you want coffee or tea? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Σήμερα θα πάμε | | Σήμερα θα πάμε κινηματογράφο ή θέατρο; || Símera tha páme ston kinimatográfo i sto théatro? || Today, are we going to the cinema or the theater? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Ποια ταινία έχεις δει; αυτή ή την άλλη; || Mípos éheis dei aftí tin tenía i tin álli? || Have you seen this movie or the other one? | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Δε μου αρέσει ούτε ο καφές ούτε το τσάι || Den mou arései oúte o kafés, oúte to tsái || I don't like neither coffee, nor tea | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Δεν έχω πάρει | | Δεν έχω πάρει ακόμη δώρο ούτε για τη μαμά, ούτε για το μπαμπά μου. || Den ého párei akóma oúte to dόro gia ti mamá, oúte to dόro gia ton bampá || I haven't bought neither the present for my mum nor the present for my dad yet. | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Μου αρέσει το κόκκινο, αλλά το μπλε | | Μου αρέσει το κόκκινο χρώμα, αλλά το μπλε περισσότερο. || Mou arései to kókkino, allá to ble íne kalýtero || I like red, but blue is better | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Πήγα στο πάρτι, αλλά ήμουν πολύ κουρασμένος || Den píga sto párti, allá ímoun polý kourasménos || I didn't go to the party, but I was very tired | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Μα ο Θανάσης είναι πολύ γλυκούλης. || O Thanásis ma glikoúlis íne || Thanasis, he's really cute | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Μα δεν τρώω κρέας. || Den ma tróo kreas || I really don't eat meat | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Θα πιούμε καφέ, ή μπύρα; || Η tha páme gia kafé, ή tha páme gia mpyra || Either we go for coffee or we go for beer | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Σκέφτομαι να φάω μια σαλάτα ή πίτσα || Moreí na fáo ī mia saláta, ī mia pítsa || I can eat either a salad or a pizza | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Αυτή είναι σημαντική βλάβη, μα άλλωστε χρειαζόμαστε καινούργιο κινητό. || Den peirάzei aftí i vlάvi, alloste hriazómaste kainoúrgio kinítό || This problem doesn't matter, besides we need a new phone anyway | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Μπορείς να του βάλεις φθηνότερα ανταλλακτικά. 'Αλλωστε τα γνήσια ανταλλακτικά είναι ακριβά. || Den boreís na tou váleis fthinótera antallaktiká, alloste ta kalá antallaktiká íne akrivá || You can't put cheaper spare parts, besides the good ones are expensive. | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ξέρω που μένεις || Xéro pu méneis || I know where you live | | Ξέρω που μένεις. || Xéro pu méneis || I know where you live | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ο | | Ο κύριος που ήρθε είναι ο διευθυντής || O ándras pu írthe íne o diefthyntís || The man who came is the director | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Λέει ότι δεν πρόλαβε || | | Λέει ότι δεν πρόλαβε. || Lèi oti den prôlave || He says that he didn't have time | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Το δώρο που έφερες είναι ωραίο, αλλά δεν χρειαζόταν | | Το δώρο που έφερες είναι ωραίο, αλλά δεν χρειαζόταν. Σημαντικό είναι το ότι ήρθες. || To dóro pou éferes íne óraio, allá den hriazótan enó oti írthes íne to simantikó || The present that you brought is nice, but we didn't need it while the fact that you came is what is important | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Αν έρθεις αργότερα, θα χαρώ | | Αν μπορέσεις να έρθεις αργότερα, θα χαρώ πολύ = If you could come later, I will be very happy | ||
{{Modern-greek-1453-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}} | {{Modern-greek-1453-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}} | ||
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<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span> | <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span> | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Declension-patterns-for-Greek-nouns|Declension patterns for Greek nouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Adverbs-and-Adverbial-Phrases|Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Various-Greek-linguistic-terms|Various Greek linguistic terms]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Les-numéraux-ordinaux--cardinaux|Les numéraux ordinaux cardinaux]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Writing-and-spelling|Writing and spelling]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Interjections|Interjections]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Syllabification|Syllabification]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Greek-adverbs-through-examples|Greek adverbs through examples]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Paronyms-and-Homonyms|Paronyms and Homonyms]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verbs-ending-in-«–ίζω»|Verbs ending in «–ίζω»]] | |||
{{Modern-greek-1453-Page-Bottom}} | {{Modern-greek-1453-Page-Bottom}} | ||
<span links></span> | |||
<span pgnav> | |||
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav" | |||
|[[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|◀️ Common Prepositions — Previous Lesson]] | |||
|[[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Vocabulary/Family-Members|Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️]] | |||
|} | |||
</span> | |||
|} |
Latest revision as of 22:13, 31 March 2023
◀️ Common Prepositions — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️ |
As a Greek language teacher, I have found that coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are a very important aspect of modern Greek grammar. These two types of conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. They are essential for expressing ideas and building complex sentences in modern Greek. In this lesson, you will learn how to use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in modern Greek, along with interesting cultural information and useful tips.
Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: Personal pronouns & Verbes elliptiques, impersonnels et irréguliers.
Coordinating Conjunctions[edit | edit source]
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two or more words, phrases, or independent clauses. There are seven coordinating conjunctions in modern Greek: "και" (kai), "ή" (i), "ούτε" (oute), "αλλά" (alla), "μα" (ma), "ή...ή" (i...i), and "άλλωστε" (alloste).
Using "και" (kai)[edit | edit source]
"Και" (kai) means "and" in English. It is the most commonly used coordinating conjunction in modern Greek. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Έχω ένα σκύλο κι ένα γάτο | Ého éna skýlo ke éna gáto | I have a dog and a cat |
Τρώω κοτόπουλο με ρύζι | Tróo kotópoulo ke rýzi | I am eating chicken and rice |
Πάω για κολύμπι και μετά φεύγω στο σινεμά | Páo na kolymbíso ke metá sto sinemá | I am going to swim and then to the cinema |
Note that the two words or phrases that are being connected with "και" (kai) have to be of the same part of speech.
Using "ή" (i)[edit | edit source]
"Ή" (i) means "or" in English. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Τι θα πιεις; Καφέ ή τσάι; | Thélis kafé i tsái? | Do you want coffee or tea? |
Σήμερα θα πάμε κινηματογράφο ή θέατρο; | Símera tha páme ston kinimatográfo i sto théatro? | Today, are we going to the cinema or the theater? |
Ποια ταινία έχεις δει; αυτή ή την άλλη; | Mípos éheis dei aftí tin tenía i tin álli? | Have you seen this movie or the other one? |
Using "ούτε" (oute)[edit | edit source]
"Ούτε" (oute) means "neither/nor" in English. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Δε μου αρέσει ούτε ο καφές ούτε το τσάι | Den mou arései oúte o kafés, oúte to tsái | I don't like neither coffee, nor tea |
Δεν έχω πάρει ακόμη δώρο ούτε για τη μαμά, ούτε για το μπαμπά μου. | Den ého párei akóma oúte to dόro gia ti mamá, oúte to dόro gia ton bampá | I haven't bought neither the present for my mum nor the present for my dad yet. |
Using "αλλά" (alla)[edit | edit source]
"Αλλά" (alla) means "but" in English. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Μου αρέσει το κόκκινο χρώμα, αλλά το μπλε περισσότερο. | Mou arései to kókkino, allá to ble íne kalýtero | I like red, but blue is better |
Πήγα στο πάρτι, αλλά ήμουν πολύ κουρασμένος | Den píga sto párti, allá ímoun polý kourasménos | I didn't go to the party, but I was very tired |
Using "μα" (ma)[edit | edit source]
"Μα" (ma) means "but" in English. However, in modern Greek, it is usually used to emphasize or confirm something. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Μα ο Θανάσης είναι πολύ γλυκούλης. | O Thanásis ma glikoúlis íne | Thanasis, he's really cute |
Μα δεν τρώω κρέας. | Den ma tróo kreas | I really don't eat meat |
Using "ή...ή" (i...i)[edit | edit source]
"Ή...ή" (i...i) means "either/or" in English. It is similar to "ή" (i), but both choices are included. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Θα πιούμε καφέ, ή μπύρα; | Η tha páme gia kafé, ή tha páme gia mpyra | Either we go for coffee or we go for beer |
Σκέφτομαι να φάω μια σαλάτα ή πίτσα | Moreí na fáo ī mia saláta, ī mia pítsa | I can eat either a salad or a pizza |
Using "άλλωστε" (alloste)[edit | edit source]
"Άλλωστε" (alloste) means "besides" in English. It is used to indicate that the argument or idea being presented is just one of many factors. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Αυτή είναι σημαντική βλάβη, μα άλλωστε χρειαζόμαστε καινούργιο κινητό. | Den peirάzei aftí i vlάvi, alloste hriazómaste kainoúrgio kinítό | This problem doesn't matter, besides we need a new phone anyway |
Μπορείς να του βάλεις φθηνότερα ανταλλακτικά. 'Αλλωστε τα γνήσια ανταλλακτικά είναι ακριβά. | Den boreís na tou váleis fthinótera antallaktiká, alloste ta kalá antallaktiká íne akrivá | You can't put cheaper spare parts, besides the good ones are expensive. |
Subordinating Conjunctions[edit | edit source]
Subordinating conjunctions join a subordinate clause to an independent clause. The subordinate clause cannot stand on its own but must be part of a larger sentence. There are several subordinating conjunctions in modern Greek.
Using "που" (pu)[edit | edit source]
"Που" (pu) means "that" or "which" in English. It is used to introduce a subordinate clause. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Ξέρω που μένεις. | Xéro pu méneis | I know where you live |
Ο κύριος που ήρθε είναι ο διευθυντής | O ándras pu írthe íne o diefthyntís | The man who came is the director |
Using "ότι" (oti)[edit | edit source]
"Ότι" (oti) also means "that" in English but it is used more often than "που" (pu). It is also used to introduce a subordinate clause. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Λέει ότι δεν πρόλαβε. | Lèi oti den prôlave | He says that he didn't have time |
Το δώρο που έφερες είναι ωραίο, αλλά δεν χρειαζόταν. Σημαντικό είναι το ότι ήρθες. | To dóro pou éferes íne óraio, allá den hriazótan enó oti írthes íne to simantikó | The present that you brought is nice, but we didn't need it while the fact that you came is what is important |
Using "αν" (an)[edit | edit source]
"Αν" (an) means "if" in English. It is also used to introduce a subordinate clause. Here are some examples:
Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Αν μπορέσεις να έρθεις αργότερα, θα χαρώ πολύ = If you could come later, I will be very happy
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
|