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Revision as of 18:57, 29 March 2023
| Next Lesson — Pronunciation Rules ▶️ |
As a Georgian language teacher with more than 20 years of experience, I am excited to be teaching you the basics of Georgia's unique and beautiful language. In this lesson, you will learn about the consonant and vowel sounds in Georgian.
Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: Using personal pronouns as the subject & Present Tense.
Consonants
One of the most notable features of Georgian language is its set of consonants, some of which are rare in other languages.
Here is a table of the basic consonant sounds in Georgian:
| Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ბ | b | book |
| გ | g | go |
| დ | d | day |
| ვ | v | van |
| ზ | z | zebra |
| თ | tʰ | star |
| კ | kʼ | skip |
| ლ | l | love |
| მ | m | man |
| ნ | n | nimble |
| ო | ɔ | dog |
| პ | pʰ | span |
| ჟ | ʒ | treasure |
| რ | r | right |
| ს | s | sing |
| ტ | tʼ | stop |
| უ | u | fool |
| ფ | p | pin |
| ქ | k | kite |
| ღ | ɣ | guest |
| ყ | qʼ | cue |
| შ | ʃ | show |
| ჩ | tʃ | chance |
| ც | ts | sits |
| ძ | dz | adze |
| წ | tsʼ | bats |
| ჭ | tʃʼ | church |
| ხ | x | Scottish loch |
| ჯ | dʒ | jam |
| ჰ | h | hat |
Note that some of these, like ღ [ɣ] and ყ [qʼ], are uncommon in other languages. As you continue your Georgian studies, you'll learn to master these unique consonant sounds.
Vowels
Georgian has five vowel sounds, all of which can be either short or long. The difference between the short and long versions of each vowel can change the meaning of a word.
Here is a table of the basic vowel sounds in Georgian:
| Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ა | a | father |
| ე | ɛ | bed |
| ი | i | jeep |
| ო | ɔ | dog |
| უ | u | fool |
In Georgian language, "ე" sound also has a nasalized variation “ე̃” , and "ო" sound can also be nasalized to "ო̃".
It is important to pay close attention to the length and nasalization of vowels as you learn them. This will help you avoid mistakes while speaking Georgian.
Diphthongs
Georgian has two diphthongs, which are combinations of two vowel sounds pronounced as one syllable:
- აი [ɑj] as in "kaipai" (how) - ეუ [ɛu] as in "meore" (second)
It is important to note that these diphthongs are not common in everyday Georgian language conversation.
In conclusion, mastering Georgian consonant and vowel sounds is an essential step to obtaining proficiency in the language. As you continue your studies, remember to pay close attention to the nuances of pronunciation and practice frequently. Happy learning!
Other Lessons
- Future Tense
- “to be” ყოფნა Present Tense
- Adverbs produced from Adjectives
- Conditional Mood
- Plurals
- Noun Gender
- The emphatic “ა”
- The postposition “ თან”
- Nouns
- Participles of medial verbs
Sources
- Georgian language - Wikipedia
- Georgian | A Comprehensive Grammar | Tinatin Bolkvadze, Dodona ...
- Georgian grammar - Wikipedia
| Next Lesson — Pronunciation Rules ▶️ |