Language/Georgian/Grammar/Plurals

Georgian Grammar - Plurals

Hi Georgian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be exploring the use of plurals in Georgian grammar. Plurals are used when we are referring to more than one thing or person, and it is important to understand the rules associated with plurals in Georgian.

With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: The Conjugation System, Future Tense, Conjugation of the verb “to have” in the future tense & The postposition of the Dative.

Plural Forms

In Georgian, there are several ways in which to form plurals. These include:

Adding "-eb"

One of the most common ways of forming plurals in Georgian is to add the suffix "-eb" to the end of a noun. For example:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
კაცები (k'atsebi)	k'at-seb-i	men
წელები (tselebi)	tse-leb-i	years
ენები (enebi)	e-neb-i	languages

Changing the Vowel Sound

Another way to form plurals is by changing the vowel sound within the noun. For example:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
ბავშვები (bavshvebi)	bav-shv-eb-i	children
მამები (mamebi)	ma-meb-i	fathers
ცხოვრები (tskhovrebi)	ts-khov-reb-i	residents

Irregular Plurals

There are a few nouns in Georgian that have irregular plurals, which must be memorized individually. For example:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
კაცები (orbebi)	or-beb-i	wolves
კონი (k'oni)	k'o-ni	horses
ვენახები (venakh'ebi)	ve-na-kh'eb-i	windows

Additionally, some nouns do not change form in the plural. For example:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
ჯანმრთელები (janmrt'elebi)	jan-mrte-leb-i	doctors
პრეზიდენტები (prezident'ebi)	pre-zi-den-t'eb-i	presidents

Plural Personal Pronouns

While plural forms of nouns are essential to communication, plural forms of personal pronouns can be equally important. In Georgian, plural personal pronouns typically follow the same formation as plural nouns. For example:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
ჩვენ (chven)	ch-ven	we
თქვენ (tkven)	tk-ven	you (plural)
ისინი (isini)	i-si-ni	they

Dialogue

To help you better understand how to use plurals in Georgian, let's see an example dialogue between two people:

• Person 1: ეს წიგნები საცავში არ არიან. (Es ts'ignebi sats'avshi ar ari-an.) (These books are not in the box.)
• Person 2: ეს წიგნები რომელნიც? (Es ts'ignebi romel-nits?) (Which books?)
• Person 1: ეს წიგნები მთავარ რეპეტიციისთვისაა. (Es ts'ignebi mt'avari repetitsiistvisaa.) (These books are for the main library.)

Practice

Now that we have reviewed the rules associated with forming plurals in Georgian, let's practice by translating the following sentences into Georgian:

1. The cats are outside. 2. Which trees? 3. The teachers are here. 4. The flowers are beautiful.

Conclusion

Plurals are essential in communication, and in Georgian, they are formed through adding "-eb," changing the vowel sound or by irregular means. Practicing plurals with nouns and personal pronouns can be a fun and exciting way to improve your Georgian skills. Remember, to improve your Georgian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

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➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources

• Georgian grammar - Wikipedia
• Georgian Plural
• Georgian/Nouns - Wikibooks, open books for an open world

• Georgian Language
• Pronouns in Georgian language

Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: Georgian Grammar → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparison, Accusative Case, “to be” ყოფნა Present Tense & Present Tense.

Other Lessons

• Preverbs and their functions
• Expression “traveling by...”
• Participles of medial verbs
• Conditional Mood
• Future Tense
• Conjugation verbs Present, Past and Future
• The postposition of the Instrumental
• Vocative case markers “—ო” and “—ვ”
• “to be” ყოფნა Present Tense
• The postposition of the Dative