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Revision as of 17:51, 29 March 2023

◀️ Korean Pronunciation — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Hello and Goodbye ▶️

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Korean Grammar → Korean Alphabets → Subject and Object Markers

By the end of this lesson, you will know how to use the subject and object markers and create subject-object-verb sentences. You will also get introduced to Korean sentence structure.


Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: Plurals & Conditional Sentences.

Korean Sentence Structure

Korean sentence structure is generally subject-object-verb, meaning that the subject of the sentence is followed by the object, which is then followed by the verb. This is different from English, which typically follows a subject-verb-object structure.

There are some exceptions to this rule, such as when using adverbs, prepositions or conjunctions. It is important to remember that the subject and object markers are crucial for understanding the Korean sentence structure.

Subject Markers

The subject markers in Korean are "이/가" (i/ga). They are used to mark the subject of the sentence. "이" is used after vowels, and "가" is used after consonants. Knowing which one to use can take some practice, but it becomes easier with time.

Here are some examples:

Korean Pronunciation English
저는 jeo-neun I
사과가 sa-gwa-ga the apple
학생이 hak-saeng-i the student
배가 bae-ga stomach

Note that in English, the equivalent of the subject marker is simply the subject pronoun.

Object Markers

The object markers in Korean are "을/를" (eul/reul). They are used to mark the object of the sentence. "을" is used after vowels, and "를" is used after consonants.

Here are some examples:

Korean Pronunciation English
책을 chaek-eul the book
사람을 sa-ram-eul the person
물을 mul-eul water
고양이를 go-yang-i-reul the cat

Note that in English, the equivalent of the object marker is simply the object noun.

Subject-Object-Verb Sentences

In Korean, subject-object-verb (SOV) word order is the most common. Here are some examples of SOV sentences using the subject and object markers:

  • 저는 고양이를 좋아해요. (jeo-neun go-yang-i-reul jo-a-hae-yo.) - I like cats.
  • 엄마가 물을 마셨어요. (eom-ma-ga mul-eul ma-syeoss-eo-yo.) - Mom drank water.
  • 학생이 책을 읽어요. (hak-saeng-i chaek-eul il-geo-yo.) - The student reads the book.

It is important to note that by adding the object marker, it is clear which noun is the object of the sentence. Without the object marker, the meaning can become ambiguous.

Using 모든 (modeun) and 각 (gak) with Subject and Object Markers

Sometimes, when you want to specify "all" or "each" of something, you can use 모든 (modeun) or 각 (gak) with the subject or object marker.

Here are some examples:

  • 모든 학생이 시험을 볼 거예요. (modeun hak-saeng-i si-heom-eul bol geo-ye-yo.) - All students will take the test.
  • 각 부모님은 자녀를 사랑합니다. (gak bu-mo-nim-eun ja-nyeo-reul sa-rang-ham-ni-da.) - Each parent loves their child.

Practice

Here are some sentences for you to try and analyze the subject and object markers:

1. 눈이 너무 아파요. 2. 엄마가 밥을 해 주셨어요. 3. 나는 노래를 잘 못해요.

Can you identify which word is the subject and which word is the object?

Sources

Table of Contents - Korean Course - 0 to A1


Korean Alphabets


Greetings and Introductions


Korean Culture and Customs


Sentence Building


Daily Routine


Korean Pop Culture


Describing People and Things


Food and Drinks


Korean Traditions


Verb Tenses


Travel and Sightseeing


Korean Arts and Crafts


Conjunctions and Connectors


Health and Body


Korean Nature

Videos

Korean Topic, Subject, and Object Markers - YouTube

Other Lessons


◀️ Korean Pronunciation — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Hello and Goodbye ▶️

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