Language/Kirghiz/Grammar/Adjective-Agreement

Kirghiz → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjectives and Adverbs → Adjective Agreement

In this lesson, we will learn about adjective agreement in Kirghiz, one of the fundamental aspects of Kirghiz grammar. By the end of this lesson, you will learn how to correctly use adjectives in Kirghiz, including agreement with nouns in gender, number, and case, and practice using them in sentences.

Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: Future Tense & Personal Pronouns.

Introduction to Adjective Agreement

In Kirghiz, adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. This means that when you use an adjective to describe a noun, the form of the adjective has to match the noun in gender (masculine or feminine), number (singular or plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative, etc.). This agreement ensures that the meaning of the sentence is clear and unambiguous.

Now let's dive into how this works in Kirghiz.

Gender Agreement

Kirghiz is an interesting language because it does not have a strict grammatical gender system like some other languages. That means that adjectives do not generally have specific masculine or feminine forms. Instead, they typically have a single form that can be used with both masculine and feminine nouns.

Take a look at these examples:

Kirghiz	Pronunciation	English
жашыр сүйгөн	jashyr süygön	green tree
жашыр күндүк	jashyr kündük	green dress

In both examples, the adjective "жашыр" (green) is used to describe both the masculine noun "сүйгөн" (tree) and the feminine noun "күндүк" (dress). Notice that the same form of the adjective is used in both cases, showing that there is no gender agreement in Kirghiz adjectives.

Number Agreement

When it comes to number agreement, Kirghiz adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in number, meaning that they take singular or plural forms depending on the noun. The plural form of an adjective is usually created by adding the plural suffix "-лар/-лер" to its singular form.

Here are some examples of number agreement in Kirghiz:

Kirghiz	Pronunciation	English
жакшы китеп	jakshy kitep	good book
жакшы китептер	jakshy kitepter	good books

In this case, the adjective "жакшы" (good) is used to describe both the singular noun "китеп" (book) and its plural form "китептер" (books). Notice that the adjective also changes its form to match the number of the noun, adding the plural suffix "-лар/-лер" to its singular form, resulting in "жакшы китептер" (good books).

Case Agreement

Kirghiz also requires adjectives to agree with the nouns they modify in case, which means that adjectives take various case endings depending on the noun. There are six different cases in Kirghiz: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, and locative.

Here are some examples illustrating case agreement in Kirghiz:

Kirghiz	Pronunciation	English
анык китепті	anyk kitepti	(I see) the clear book
анык китептен	anyk kitepten	(I take) from the clear book

In this case, the adjective "анык" (clear) is used to describe the noun "китеп" (book) in both the accusative case (анык китепті) and the ablative case (анык китептен). Notice that the adjective also takes the appropriate case endings to agree with the noun.

Exercises

Now that you have learned about adjective agreement in Kirghiz, let's practice using them in sentences. Try to complete the following sentences by choosing the correct form of the adjective from the options given in parentheses. Remember to consider gender, number, and case agreement.

• Men _____ столдо жатам. (жакшы, жакшылар) (I sit at the good table)
• Сиз _____ китептердин иштертоштор. (анык, аныктар) (You are the readers of the clear books)
• Улар _____ вокзалга барам. (улуу, улуулар) (They go to the big station)

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have now learned about adjective agreement in Kirghiz, including gender, number, and case agreement. This knowledge will help you build more complex and accurate sentences in Kirghiz. Keep practicing, and you'll continue to improve your Kirghiz language skills.

Don't forget to check out the next lesson in this series, "Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs."

Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: Comparative and Superlative & Questions.

Table of Contents - Kirghiz Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb Order
• Negation

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Cardinal Numbers
• Ordinal Numbers
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Noun Cases
• Personal Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationship Status

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense

  ---

Food and Dining

• Meals and Ingredients
• Ordering at a Restaurant

  ---

Kirghiz Customs and Traditions

• Holidays and Celebrations
• Traditional Clothing

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Asking for Directions

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Adjective Agreement
• Comparative and Superlative

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Weather and Seasons

• Seasons
• Weather Conditions

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Kirghiz Literature and Music

• Famous Writers and Poets
• Traditional Music and Instruments

Other Lessons

• Conditional Mood
• How to Use Be
• Give your Opinion
• Noun Cases
• Personal pronouns
• Gender
• Adjectives
• How to Use Have
• 0 to A1 Course
• Comparative and Superlative