Language/Kirghiz/Grammar/Noun-Cases

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Kirghiz → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Nouns and Pronouns → Noun Cases

Welcome to our lesson on Kirghiz noun cases! As we continue our journey through the "Complete 0 to A1 Kirghiz Course," it's time to dive into the world of noun cases. In this lesson, we will explore the different noun cases in Kirghiz, such as nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. We will also practice using them in sentences and learn more about Kirghiz culture and interesting facts along the way. So, let's get started!

Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Pronouns & Questions.

Introduction to Kirghiz Noun Cases

Kirghiz is an inflected language, which means that the form of a word changes according to its grammatical function in a sentence. One way this happens is through noun cases. In Kirghiz, there are six primary noun cases:

1. Nominative case 2. Accusative case 3. Genitive case 4. Dative case 5. Locative case 6. Ablative case

In this lesson, we will cover the first four noun cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. These cases are essential for expressing various relationships between the nouns and other words in a sentence. Understanding and using these cases correctly will help you create clear and accurate sentences in Kirghiz.

Nominative Case

The nominative case is the simplest one among all the noun cases as it is the basic form of a noun. It represents the subject of a sentence or the doer of an action. In Kirghiz, the nominative case has no specific endings, but there are certain rules for forming the plural form.

To form the plural form of a noun in the nominative case, you can add the suffix "-лар" or "-лер," depending on the last vowel of the word. If the last vowel is "а," "ы," or "о," use "-лар." If the last vowel is "е," "и," or "у," use "-лер."

Examples:

Kirghiz	Pronunciation	English
адам	/adam/	person
адамдар	/adamdar/	people
китеп	/kitep/	book
китептер	/kitaptar/	books

Using Nominative Case in Sentences

Let's take a look at some examples of sentences using the nominative case.

Kirghiz	Pronunciation	English
Мен китеп окуям.	/Men kitep okuyam./	I read a book.
Бул көчө кенеш.	/Bul köçö kenesh./	This street is wide.
Адамдар жогоркууларга көтөрүлөр.	/Adamdar jogorkuularga kötörülör./	People are lifted to heights.

Accusative Case

The accusative case is used to represent the direct object of a sentence, the receiver of an action. In Kirghiz, the accusative case is formed by adding the suffix "-и" or "-ни" to the nominative form of a noun. The choice of suffix depends on the last consonant of the nominative form: if the noun ends with a vowel, add "-ни," and if the noun ends with a consonant, add "-и."

Examples:

Kirghiz	Pronunciation	English
сүйлөш (friend, nominative)	/süilösh/	сүйлөшни (friend, accusative)
калган (chair, nominative)	/kalgan/	калганды (chair, accusative)

Using Accusative Case in Sentences

Here are some examples of sentences using the accusative case.

Kirghiz	Pronunciation	English
Мен калганды алдым.	/Men kalgandy aldyrn./	I took the chair.
Асыл китептеги кат жазды.	/Asyl kitaptelgi kat yazdy./	Asyl wrote a letter in the book.
адамдар жогоркууларга көтөрүлөр.	/Adamdar jogorkuularga kötörülör./	People are lifted to heights.

Genitive Case

The genitive case is used to indicate possession or relationship between two nouns. In Kirghiz, the genitive case is formed by adding the suffix "-нин" or "-дин" to the nominative form of a noun. The choice of suffix depends on the last consonant of the nominative form: if the noun ends with a vowel, add "-нин," and if the noun ends with consonant, add "-дин."

Examples:

Kirghiz	Pronunciation	English
атанын (father's, genitive)	/atanyn/	ата (father, nominative)
бала (child, nominative)	/bala/	баланын (child's, genitive)

Using Genitive Case in Sentences

Here are some examples of sentences using the genitive case.

Kirghiz	Pronunciation	English
Атанын айылы.	/Atanyn ayíly./	The father's village.
Эне (mother, nominative)	/hne/	Эненин (mother's, genitive)

Table of Contents - Kirghiz Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb Order
• Negation

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Cardinal Numbers
• Ordinal Numbers
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Noun Cases
• Personal Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationship Status

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense

  ---

Food and Dining

• Meals and Ingredients
• Ordering at a Restaurant

  ---

Kirghiz Customs and Traditions

• Holidays and Celebrations
• Traditional Clothing

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Asking for Directions

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Adjective Agreement
• Comparative and Superlative

  ---

Weather and Seasons

• Seasons
• Weather Conditions

  ---

Kirghiz Literature and Music

• Famous Writers and Poets
• Traditional Music and Instruments

Other Lessons

• Gender
• Questions
• Future Tense
• Personal pronouns
• How to Use Be
• Give your Opinion
• Nouns
• Pronouns
• 0 to A1 Course
• Comparative and Superlative

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