Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Nouns

Iranian Persian Grammar - Nouns

Hi Iranian Persian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be discussing one of the fundamental parts of speech in Iranian Persian: Nouns. Nouns are the building blocks of sentences, and they are used to identify people, places, things, and concepts. We will be discussing the different types of nouns, how they are used in sentences, and some cultural information related to Iranian Persian language. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how Iranian Persian nouns work, how to use them in your sentences, and be able to apply them in your everyday communication in the language. Let's get started with the basics!

Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Lesson 22: Complex sentences and ..., Conditional Mood, Lesson 14: Past tense of regular verbs & How to say goodbye.

Types of Nouns

In Iranian Persian, there are two types of nouns:

Common Nouns

Common nouns refer to any person, place, thing, or idea that is not specific or does not have a name. For example, in English, the word "book" is a common noun. It does not refer to any specific book, but rather to books in general.

In Iranian Persian, common nouns are referred to as "اسم های عام" (asme-haaye aam). They are typically written in lower case letters and can be made up of one or more words. For example:

Farsi	Pronunciation	English
کتاب	"ketaab"	Book

Proper Nouns

Proper nouns, on the other hand, refer to a specific person, place, thing, or idea that has a name. For example, in English, the word "Harry Potter" is a proper noun. It refers to a specific character and cannot be used to refer to any other person or thing.

In Iranian Persian, proper nouns are referred to as "اسم های خاص" (asme-haaye khaas). They are always written with a capital letter and usually consist of one word. Some examples include:

Farsi	Pronunciation	English
آرش	"Aarash"	Arash

Gender and Number

In Iranian Persian, nouns have gender and number. This means that they can be either masculine or feminine and singular or plural.

Gender

Determining the gender of a noun is an important part of understanding the language. For example, in Iranian Persian, the pronouns used to describe a person or object depend on the gender of the noun.

In general, nouns that end with "ه" (pronounced "e" in some cases) are feminine, while those that do not end with "ه" are masculine. However, there are some exceptions to this rule.

Number

Nouns in Iranian Persian can also be singular or plural. To form the plural of a noun, the ending vowels of the word are typically changed. For example:

Singular	Plural
کتاب	کتاب ها ("ketaab-haa")

Sometimes the plural form of a noun may not follow any specific rules, so it is best to memorize the plural forms along with the singular forms.

Possession

One interesting aspect of Iranian Persian is that nouns do not change to reflect possession. Instead, the word "دار" (daar) is added to the end of the noun in order to show possession. For example:

Farsi	Pronunciation	English
خانه دار	"khane-daar"	Homeowner

Cultural Information

Iranian Persian has a rich culture and history, and many of the nouns in the language reflect that. For example, there are many Persian loanwords that are used in English today, such as "pajama" and "tulip." Additionally, many Persian names have become popular around the world, such as Cyrus and Darius.

It is also worth noting that there are many famous Iranian poets and writers who have helped shape the Persian language. Some of the most well-known include Rumi, Hafez, and Saadi.

Dialogue

Person 1: ماشین رنگ چیه؟ ("maashin rang chiye?" - What color is the car?) Person 2: رنگ سفیده. ("rang-e sefid-e" - It's white in color.)

Person 1: شما کدام شهرها را دیدی؟ ("shoma kadom shahr-haa raa didi?" - Which cities have you seen?) Person 2: من شیراز و تهران را دیدم. ("man Shiraz va Tehran raa didam" - I have seen Shiraz and Tehran.)

Conclusion

In this lesson, we covered the basics of Iranian Persian nouns. We learned about the two types of Nouns, how they can be used in sentences, and some important cultural information around the language. To continue improving your Iranian Persian Grammar, you can use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions! Don't forget to check out the [Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar|Grammar]] section on the Iranian Persian page for more learning purposes.

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➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources

• Persian Language
• Persian Nouns
• Iranian Culture

Well done on mastering this lesson! Don't miss these related pages to expand your knowledge: Formal and informal, Future Tense, Past Tense & Lesson 20: Using the imperative mood.

Other Lessons

• Prepositions
• How to Use be
• Less
• Sentense Structure
• Most commonly used Adjective
• How to Use Have
• Plurals
• Common Mistakes
• Persian Grammar
• Plural