Language/Hindi/Grammar/Adjectives-and-Adverbs

Hindi Grammar → Introduction to Hindi Grammar → Adjectives and Adverbs

Introduction

Namaste! As a Hindi language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am excited to introduce you to the world of adjectives and adverbs in Hindi. In this lesson, we will explore how to use adjectives and adverbs in Hindi, including their placement within sentences, degrees of comparison, and agreement with nouns. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of how to use these important parts of speech in everyday communication.

Adjectives

Adjectives are words used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun in a sentence. In Hindi, adjectives are known as "विशेषण" (visheshan). Here are a few things to keep in mind when using adjectives in Hindi:

• Most adjectives in Hindi follow the noun that they modify, unlike in English where adjectives generally precede the noun. For example, in English we say "red ball," whereas in Hindi we would say "बाला लाल" (lala bala).
• Adjectives in Hindi must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun or pronoun that they modify. For example, the adjective for "new" is "नया" (naya) for masculine singular nouns, "नई" (nai) for feminine singular nouns, "नए" (naye) for masculine plural nouns, and "नईं" (nain) for feminine plural nouns.
• Hindi also has two different types of adjectives: "गुणवाचक विशेषण" (gunvachak visheshan) and "पर्यायवाची विशेषण" (paryayavachi visheshan). Gunvachak visheshan describes the qualities or attributes of the noun, while paryayavachi visheshan is more like synonyms for a particular noun.

Let's take a look at some examples:

Hindi	Pronunciation	English
सुंदर	sundar	beautiful
भारी	bhaari	heavy
लंबा	lamba	long
अच्छा	accha	good

In Hindi, we can also compare adjectives to show different degrees of intensity or quality. We have three degrees of comparison in Hindi: the positive degree, the comparative degree, and the superlative degree. Here is a table to show you how this works:

Hindi	Pronunciation	English
अच्छा	accha	good
बेहतर	behatar	better
सबसे अच्छा	sabse accha	best

Adverbs

Adverbs are words used to modify or describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb in a sentence. In Hindi, adverbs are known as "क्रिया विशेषण" (kriya visheshan). Here are a few things to keep in mind when using adverbs in Hindi:

• Unlike adjectives, most adverbs in Hindi come after the verb or the adjective that they modify. For example, in English we say "she runs fast," whereas in Hindi we would say "वह तेजी से दौड़ती है" (vah teji se daudti hai).
• Hindi adverbs do not change their form to agree with the gender or number of the noun or pronoun.

Here are a few examples of common adverbs in Hindi:

• धीमे से (dheeme se): slowly
• अच्छी तरह (acchi tarah): well
• तुरंत (turant): immediately
• कम (kam): less
• ज्यादा (jyada): more

Practice Exercises

Now that you have a basic understanding of adjectives and adverbs in Hindi, it is time to put your knowledge to the test. Here are a few exercises to help you practice:

• Rewrite the following sentences in Hindi, making sure to use the correct agreement and placement of adjectives:

1. The big dog ran quickly. 2. She wore a new dress to the party. 3. The tall buildings stood in the center of the city.

• Fill in the blank with the correct adverb:

1. वह भागता हुआ ____ (तेज) था। (vah bhagta hua ____ (tez) tha.) 2. मैं आपसे ____ (ज्यादा) बात करना चाहता हूँ। (main apse ____ (jyada) baat karna chahta hoon.) 3. वह ____ (धीमा) सोता है। (vah ____ (dheema) sota hai.)

Sources

• Hindi Grammar
• Wikipedia - Hindi Language

Table of Contents - Hindi Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

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Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

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Pronouns and Verbs

• Personal Pronouns
• Basic Verbs

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Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-20
• Telling Time

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Questions and Negations

• Question Words
• Negation

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Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

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Indian Names and Titles

• Common Indian Names
• Addressing People

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Food and Dining

• Common Foods
• Ordering at a Restaurant

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Adjectives and Adverbs

• Descriptive Adjectives
• Adverbs of Manner

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Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Asking for Directions

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Indian Festivals and Holidays

• Major Festivals
• Public Holidays