Language/Urdu/Grammar/Complex-Sentence-Structure

Urdu → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Complex Sentence Structure

Welcome to today's lesson on Complex Sentence Structure in Urdu! As you embark on this exciting journey of mastering the Urdu language, understanding complex sentences will empower you to express more nuanced thoughts and ideas. Complex sentences allow you to convey relationships between different ideas, making your conversations richer and more engaging.

In this lesson, we will explore the following key areas:

• Understanding Complex Sentences: What they are and why they matter.

• Components of Complex Sentences: How to identify and use clauses effectively.

• Using Connectors: The essential words that link clauses together.

• Examples: A variety of examples to illustrate the concepts.

• Practice Exercises: Opportunities for you to apply what you've learned.

Without further ado, let's dive in!

Understanding Complex Sentences

A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence because it expresses a complete thought, while a dependent clause cannot stand alone and usually begins with a subordinating conjunction.

For example:

• Independent Clause: میں نے کھانا کھایا۔ (Maine khana khaya.) - "I ate food."

• Dependent Clause: جب بارش ہوئی۔ (Jab barish hui.) - "When it rained."

When combined, they form a complex sentence:

• Complex Sentence: جب بارش ہوئی، میں نے کھانا کھایا۔ (Jab barish hui, maine khana khaya.) - "When it rained, I ate food."

Using complex sentences enhances your ability to communicate effectively in Urdu. They allow you to express conditions, reasons, or contrasts, which are vital for deeper conversations.

Components of Complex Sentences

Complex sentences are built from two main components:

1. Independent Clause: A phrase that can stand alone.

2. Dependent Clause: A phrase that relies on the independent clause to provide complete meaning.

== Types of Dependent Clauses:

1. Adverbial Clauses: These clauses provide information about time, place, condition, reason, or manner.

2. Relative Clauses: These clauses provide additional information about a noun.

Examples of Dependent Clauses:

• Adverbial: جب میں گھر آیا، (Jab main ghar aaya, - "When I came home,")

• Relative: کتاب جو تم نے دی، (Kitaab jo tum ne di, - "The book that you gave,")

Using Connectors

Connectors (also known as subordinating conjunctions) are crucial in forming complex sentences. They help link the independent and dependent clauses seamlessly.

Here are some common connectors in Urdu:

• جب (Jab) - When

• کیونکہ (Kyunki) - Because

• اگر (Agar) - If

• جبکہ (Jabke) - While

• جہاں (Jahan) - Where

== Examples of Connectors in Use:

Let's look at how these connectors help create complex sentences:

Urdu	Pronunciation	English
جب بارش ہوئی، میں گھر گیا۔	Jab barish hui, main ghar gaya.	When it rained, I went home.
میں نے کھانا کھایا کیونکہ میں بھوکا تھا۔	Maine khana khaya kyunki main bhooka tha.	I ate food because I was hungry.
اگر تم آؤ، تو ہم کھیلیں گے۔	Agar tum aao, to hum khelenge.	If you come, we will play.
میں پڑھ رہا تھا جبکہ وہ سو رہی تھی۔	Main parh raha tha jabke woh so rahi thi.	I was studying while she was sleeping.
جہاں تم ہو، وہیں میں آؤں گا۔	Jahan tum ho, wahan main aaoonga.	Where you are, I will come there.

Examples of Complex Sentences

To reinforce your understanding, let's look at various complex sentences, illustrating different connectors and structures:

Urdu	Pronunciation	English
جب میں اسکول گیا، تو میں نے دوستوں سے ملاقات کی۔	Jab main school gaya, to maine doston se mulaqat ki.	When I went to school, I met my friends.
کیونکہ وہ بیمار تھی، اس نے کام نہیں کیا۔	Kyunki woh bimar thi, usne kaam nahi kiya.	Because she was ill, she did not work.
اگر بارش ہوئی تو ہم باہر نہیں جائیں گے۔	Agar barish hui to hum bahar nahi jaayenge.	If it rains, we won’t go outside.
میں نے کتاب پڑھی جبکہ وہ ٹی وی دیکھ رہی تھی۔	Maine kitaab padhi jabke woh TV dekh rahi thi.	I read a book while she was watching TV.
جہاں تم رہتے ہو، میں وہاں آؤں گا۔	Jahan tum rehte ho, main wahan aaoonga.	Where you live, I will come there.
جب تک تم کام کرتے رہو گے، میں بھی مدد کروں گا۔	Jab tak tum kaam karte raho ge, main bhi madad karunga.	As long as you continue to work, I will also help.
کیونکہ وہ دیر سے آئی، ہم نے انتظار کیا۔	Kyunki woh der se aayi, humne intezaar kiya.	Because she came late, we waited.
اگر تم میری مدد کرو، تو میں خوش ہوں گا۔	Agar tum meri madad karo, to main khush hoon ga.	If you help me, I will be happy.
جبکہ وہ کھانا پکاتی تھی، میں نے صفائی کی۔	Jabke woh khana pakati thi, maine safai ki.	While she was cooking, I cleaned up.
جہاں تک میں جانتا ہوں، وہ آج نہیں آئے گی۔	Jahan tak main jaanta hoon, woh aaj nahi aayegi.	As far as I know, she will not come today.

Practice Exercises

Now that we've covered the essentials of complex sentences, it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are exercises designed to help you form and understand complex sentences better.

1. Combine the sentences using the provided connector:

1. میں نے کتاب پڑھی۔ وہ سو رہی تھی۔ (جب)

2. تم میرے ساتھ چلو۔ میں تمہیں دکھاؤں گا۔ (اگر)

3. اس نے کام کیا۔ وہ بہت خوش تھی۔ (کیونکہ)

Solutions:

1. جب وہ سو رہی تھی، میں نے کتاب پڑھی۔ (Jab woh so rahi thi, maine kitaab padhi.)

2. اگر تم میرے ساتھ چلو، تو میں تمہیں دکھاؤں گا۔ (Agar tum mere saath chalo, to main tumhein dikhaunga.)

3. کیونکہ وہ بہت خوش تھی، اس نے کام کیا۔ (Kyunki woh bahut khush thi, usne kaam kiya.)

2. Identify the independent and dependent clauses in the following sentences:

1. جب میں گھر آیا، تو میں نے کھانا کھایا۔

2. وہ خوش تھی کیونکہ اس نے امتحان میں اچھا کیا۔

Solutions:

1. Independent: "میں نے کھانا کھایا" | Dependent: "جب میں گھر آیا"

2. Independent: "وہ خوش تھی" | Dependent: "کیونکہ اس نے امتحان میں اچھا کیا"

3. Translate the following complex sentences into Urdu:

1. When it rains, I stay home.

2. If you study, you will pass the exam.

Solutions:

1. جب بارش ہوتی ہے، میں گھر رہتا ہوں۔ (Jab barish hoti hai, main ghar rehta hoon.)

2. اگر تم پڑھائی کرو گے، تو تم امتحان میں پاس ہو گے۔ (Agar tum parhai karoge, to tum imtihan mein paas hoge.)

4. Fill in the blanks using appropriate connectors:

1. ______ میں مصروف ہوں، میں نہیں آؤں گا۔ (کیونکہ)

2. ______ تم نے کہا، میں نے مان لیا۔ (جب)

Solutions:

1. کیونکہ میں مصروف ہوں، میں نہیں آؤں گا۔ (Kyunki main masroof hoon, main nahi aaoonga.)

2. جب تم نے کہا، میں نے مان لیا۔ (Jab tumne kaha, maine maan liya.)

5. Create a complex sentence using the following prompts:

1. (جب) تم آؤ، (ہم) کھیلیں گے۔

2. (کیونکہ) وہ بیمار ہے، (اس نے) اسکول نہیں جا سکی۔

Solutions:

1. جب تم آؤ گے، ہم کھیلیں گے۔ (Jab tum aao ge, hum khelenge.)

2. کیونکہ وہ بیمار ہے، اس نے اسکول نہیں جا سکی۔ (Kyunki woh bimar hai, usne school nahi ja sakti.)

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully navigated the world of complex sentence structures in Urdu. By understanding how to form and use complex sentences, you are well on your way to becoming a more effective communicator in Urdu. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep using these structures in your conversations. With each sentence you create, you're building your fluency and confidence.

In our next lesson, we will explore another exciting dimension of the Urdu language. Until then, keep practicing and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher!

Table of Contents - Urdu Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Introduction to Urdu Script

• Urdu Alphabet
• Connecting Letters

  ---

Basic Vocabulary

• Greetings and Introductions
• Numbers and Counting
• Days of the Week and Months

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Nouns and Pronouns
• Verbs and Tenses
• Adjectives and Adverbs

  ---

Everyday Vocabulary

• Colors and Shapes
• Food and Drinks
• Clothing and Accessories

  ---

Forming Questions and Negations

• Question Words
• Negation

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Directions and Locations

  ---

Urdu Culture and Traditions

• Festivals and Celebrations
• Urdu Literature and Poetry

Sources

• The Basics of Urdu Sentence Structure & Word Order
• Is Urdu Hard To Learn?: 10 Useful Facts To Consider - Ling App
• English Urdu Grammar | Cgeprginia
• THE STRUCTURE OF COMPLEX PREDICATES IN URDU

Other Lessons

• Negation
• 0 to A1 Course
• Verbs and Tenses
• Case and Sentence Structure
• Joining Sounds to Form Words
• Pronouns
• Give your Opinion
• Nouns
• Plurals and Gender
• Plurals