Language/Georgian/Grammar/Comparison

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Georgian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comparison

Welcome, dear students! Today, we will embark on an exciting journey into the world of Georgian adjectives and adverbs. Understanding how to compare these parts of speech is crucial for expressing differences and similarities in your conversations. Whether you're chatting about the weather, discussing your favorite foods, or comparing your favorite athletes, the ability to use adjectives and adverbs effectively will enhance your communication skills in Georgian.

Lesson Outline

In this lesson, we will cover the following key points:

• The importance of comparison in the Georgian language

• How to form comparative and superlative adjectives

• How to form comparative adverbs

• Examples to illustrate each concept

• Exercises to practice what you've learned

So, let's dive in!

The Importance of Comparison in Georgian

In Georgian, comparison allows you to express how things relate to one another. For instance, you might want to say that one dish is tastier than another or that a friend is taller than you. The ability to compare helps you describe the world around you with greater detail and nuance.

In Georgian, adjectives and adverbs can both be compared, enhancing your ability to communicate effectively. Let’s explore how to form comparisons in both areas.

Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

In Georgian, adjectives can be compared in two main ways: using the comparative form and the superlative form.

Comparative Adjectives

To form the comparative adjective in Georgian, you typically add the suffix -er or use the word მეტი (meti) meaning "more" before the adjective.

Here is a simple structure to remember:

• Positive: დიდი (didi) - big

• Comparative: უფრო დიდი (ufro didi) - bigger

Let's look at some examples:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
მაღალი	maghali	tall
უფრო მაღალი	ufro maghali	taller
პატარა	pat'ara	small
უფრო პატარა	ufro pat'ara	smaller
სწრაფი	sts'rap'i	fast
უფრო სწრაფი	ufro sts'rap'i	faster
სუსტი	sust'i	weak
უფრო სუსტი	ufro sust'i	weaker
ჭკვიანი	ch'k'viani	smart
უფრო ჭკვიანი	ufro ch'k'viani	smarter

Superlative Adjectives

To form the superlative, you can use the word მოუწინავე (mouts'inave) meaning "the most" or the suffix -est.

• Positive: კარგი (k'argi) - good

• Superlative: ყველაზე კარგი (q'velaze k'argi) - the best

Here are some examples:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
ლამაზი	lamazi	beautiful
ყველაზე ლამაზი	q'velaze lamazi	the most beautiful
ძველი	dzveli	old
ყველაზე ძველი	q'velaze dzveli	the oldest
ახალი	akhali	new
ყველაზე ახალი	q'velaze akhali	the newest
ძლიერი	dzlieri	strong
ყველაზე ძლიერი	q'velaze dzlieri	the strongest
სწრაფი	sts'rap'i	fast
ყველაზე სწრაფი	q'velaze sts'rap'i	the fastest

Forming Comparative Adverbs

Just like adjectives, adverbs can also be compared. In Georgian, you can compare adverbs by using მეტი (meti) for "more" or მესამე (mesame) for "the most."

Comparative Adverbs

Here’s how you can form comparative adverbs:

• Positive: სწრაფად (sts'rapad) - quickly

• Comparative: უფრო სწრაფად (ufro sts'rapad) - more quickly

Let’s look at some examples:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
ნელა	nela	slowly
უფრო ნელა	ufro nela	more slowly
კარგად	k'argad	well
უფრო კარგად	ufro k'argad	better
მაღლა	maghla	high
უფრო მაღლა	ufro maghla	higher
ცოტათი	ts'ot'ati	a little
უფრო ცოტათი	ufro ts'ot'ati	a bit more
კარგად	k'argad	well
უფრო კარგად	ufro k'argad	better

Summary

In summary, forming comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs in Georgian is essential for describing relationships and differences. You now have the tools to express comparisons confidently!

Now, let's practice what we've learned with some exercises.

Exercises

Here are some exercises to help you practice forming and using comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences using the correct comparative form of the adjectives in parentheses.

1. This book is ___ (good) than that one.

2. I run ___ (fast) than my brother.

3. She is ___ (tall) than her sister.

4. This car is ___ (new) than my old one.

5. He is the ___ (smart) student in the class.

Answers:

1. better (კარგი -> უკეთესი)

2. faster (სწრაფი -> უფრო სწრაფი)

3. taller (მაღალი -> უფრო მაღალი)

4. newer (ახალი -> უფრო ახალი)

5. smartest (ჭკვიანი -> ყველაზე ჭკვიანი)

Exercise 2: Comparative Adverbs

Rewrite the following sentences using the comparative form of the adverbs in parentheses.

1. She sings ___ (well) than I do.

2. He works ___ (hard) than anyone else.

3. They arrived ___ (early) than expected.

4. This task is completed ___ (quickly) than the last one.

5. She speaks ___ (clearly) than before.

Answers:

1. better (კარგად -> უკეთ)

2. harder (მუდმივად -> უფრო მძლავრად)

3. earlier (დროებით -> უფრო ადრე)

4. more quickly (სწრაფად -> უფრო სწრაფად)

5. more clearly ( rõ rõ -> უფრო მკაფიოდ)

Exercise 3: Match the Adjective with its Comparative Form

Match the adjectives in column A with their comparative forms in column B.

| Column A | Column B |

|----------|----------|

| 1. დიდი | A. უფრო მაღალი |

| 2. პატარა | B. უფრო პატარა |

| 3. კარგი | C. უფრო კარგი |

| 4. ძველი | D. უფრო ძველი |

| 5. ძლიერი | E. უფრო ძლიერი |

Answers:

1 - C, 2 - B, 3 - A, 4 - D, 5 - E

Exercise 4: Create Sentences

Using the adjectives provided, create sentences comparing two things.

1. სწრაფი (fast)

2. ლამაზი (beautiful)

3. ძველი (old)

4. დიდი (big)

5. ჭკვიანი (smart)

Example Answers:

1. ჩემი მანქანა უფრო სწრაფია ვიდრე შენი. (My car is faster than yours.)

2. ეს სურათი უფრო ლამაზია ვიდრე ის. (This picture is more beautiful than that one.)

3. ეს შენობა უფრო ძველია ვიდრე ის. (This building is older than that one.)

4. მისი სახლი უფრო დიდია ვიდრე ჩემი. (His house is bigger than mine.)

5. ის სტუდენტი უფრო ჭკვიანია ვიდრე მე. (That student is smarter than me.)

Exercise 5: Superlative Forms

Convert the following adjectives into their superlative forms.

1. მაღალი

2. ლამაზი

3. ძველი

4. ძლიერი

5. სწრაფი

Answers:

1. ყველაზე მაღალი

2. ყველაზე ლამაზი

3. ყველაზე ძველი

4. ყველაზე ძლიერი

5. ყველაზე სწრაფი

Conclusion

Congratulations! You've successfully learned how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs in Georgian. This skill will undoubtedly help you express yourself more clearly and accurately in your conversations.

As you continue practicing, try to incorporate these new comparisons into your daily discussions. The more you use them, the more natural they will become!

Table of Contents - Georgian Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Alphabet and Sounds

• Consonants and Vowels
• Pronunciation Rules
• Word Order

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Greetings and Responses
• Introducing Yourself
• Polite Phrases

  ---

Nouns and Cases

• Noun Gender
• Nominative Case
• Genitive Case
• Dative Case
• Accusative Case
• Locative Case

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships and Titles

  ---

Food and Drink

• Traditional Dishes
• Wine and Spirits
• Table Manners

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense
• Conditional and Imperative

  ---

Transportation and Directions

• Public Transportation
• Asking for and Giving Directions

  ---

Holidays and Celebrations

• New Year's and Christmas
• Easter
• Independence Day

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Adjective Agreement
• Comparison

  ---

Shopping and Services

• Money and Currency
• Shopping Vocabulary
• Services and Emergencies

  ---

Arts and Entertainment

• Music and Dance
• Theater and Film
• Literature and Poetry

  ---

Prepositions

• Simple Prepositions
• Compound Prepositions

  ---

Work and Employment

• Job Titles and Professions
• Applying for a Job

  ---

Georgian History and Geography

• Ancient Kingdoms
• Recent History
• Geographic Regions

Sources

• Georgian grammar - Wikipedia
• Georgian Grammar, Introduction to Lexical Categories
• Georgian A Learner's Grammar

Other Lessons

• The Genitive Case
• The postposition of the Instrumental
• How to Use Have
• Nouns with “many”, “much” and “a few”
• Toasting
• Simple Prepositions
• Transitive Verbs VS Intransitive Verbs
• Accusative Case
• Participles
• Participles of medial verbs

◀️ Adjective Agreement — Previous Lesson

Next Lesson — Money and Currency ▶️