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Note firstly that ”thus” and ”hence” only get used in formal registers in writing and speaking.

The above definition of ”hence usually refers to the future” looks like total nonsense. It rarely gets used in relation to purely future consequences. The only future use is for consequences which have a starting point in the past or the present point in time.

The form of ”hence” indicating future consequence is ”henceforth” in British English, or henceforward in American English. These are also used only in formal writing and speaking.

A much better way to define the difference between ”thus” and ”hence” is that the consequence represented by ”thus” is of a purely factual nature whereas for ”hence” there is a continual aspect to it.

The site ”englishgrammar.org” can’t even get its sole example with ”hence” to correspond to its information!!!!

”They grew up in Japan; hence their interest in Zen Buddhism.” - their interest in Zen Buddhism began in the past and continues at least to the present point in time in this statement. We can’t tell from context that this continues into the future. The use of ”hence” here corresponds to the consequence resulting in something with a continual aspect....

Even the example given in this post is nonsense: ”The situation is getting more and more complicated. Hence we will have to proceed with caution.”

Here, ”getting more and more complicated” - something from an informal or lower semiformal register - is mixed with ”hence” from a formal register. In a formal register this text should be written something like ”The situation is becoming further complicated. Henceforth we have to proceed with caution”.

The definition that ”Thus usually refers to the past” is also nonsense fluff. Facts hold in the past, present and future unless something comes about which changes the conditions under which the facts hold.

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