Language/Urdu/Grammar/Adjectives-and-Adverbs
As a Urdu language teacher with 20 years of experience, I can confidently say that adjectives and adverbs are crucial elements of the Urdu language. These parts of speech provide essential information and context to sentences, helping to make them more meaningful and expressive. In this lesson, we will explore how adjectives and adverbs are used in Urdu and provide you with the necessary tools and knowledge to use them in your own speech and writing.
Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, pronouns, or other adjectives. In Urdu, adjectives come before the nouns they modify, and they must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Here are some examples:
| Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| لال | "laal" | red |
| خوشگوار | "khush-guwaar" | pleasant |
| بڑا | "bara" | big |
As you can see, the adjectives "laal," "khush-guwaar," and "bara" come before the nouns they are modifying. In Urdu, it's common to use multiple adjectives to describe a noun, and they follow a specific order:
1. Determiner 2. Opinion 3. Size 4. Shape 5. Age 6. Color 7. Origin 8. Material
However, not all of these categories are always present, and their order may vary depending on the context. Here's an example:
| Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| چھوٹی | "chhoti" | small |
| سفید | "safed" | white |
| نماکین | "namakeen" | salty |
| سفید | "safed" | white |
| چیز | "cheez" | thing |
| ہے | "hai" | is |
Here, we have multiple adjectives to describe the noun "cheez" (thing). The order in this case is "size - color - taste."
It's important to keep in mind that adjectives in Urdu must match the gender and number of the noun they are modifying. For example, if we want to describe a male with the adjective "khush-guwar" (pleasant), we would say "khush-guwar mard"(pleasant man). For a female, we would say "khush-guwar aurat" (pleasant woman).
Adverbs
Adverbs, just like adjectives, are words that provide extra information and context to sentences. However, adverbs describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. In Urdu, most adverbs end with "-ly" ("طرح" in Urdu). Here are some examples:
| Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| سختی سے | "sakhti se" | firmly |
| خوشی سے | "khushi se" | happily |
| مناسب طور پر | "munasib tor par" | appropriately |
Adverbs, just like adjectives, can make your sentences more expressive and informative. Take a look at the example below:
| Urdu | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| وہ | "woh" | He |
| آہستہ | "ahista" | slowly |
| چلا | "chala" | walked |
In this sentence, the adverb "ahista" modifies the verb "chala," and it provides extra information regarding the pace at which the subject is moving. Without this adverb, the sentence would be less descriptive.
It's essential to remember that adverbs do not change based on gender or number, unlike adjectives.
Conclusion
Adjectives and adverbs are essential elements of the Urdu language that provide extra information and context to sentences. Understanding how to use them correctly can immensely improve your speech and writing abilities. Remember to match adjectives with the gender and number of the noun they are modifying and use appropriate adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. With practice, you can become fluent in using these elements of speech and master complex grammar structures in Urdu.
Sources
- The 100 Most Common Urdu Adverbs & How to Use Them
- Urdu Adverbs
- (DOC) Comparative analysis of English and Urdu Grammar | Anum ...
Related Lessons
- Give your Opinion
- Nouns
- Future Tense
- How to Use Have
- Passive Voice and Causative Verbs
- Case and Sentence Structure
- Plurals
- Adjectives
- Common Mistakes
- How to Use Be