Language/Polish/Grammar/Past-Tense
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Hello Everyone, 😊
In today’s lesson we are going to study the following topic: ”PAST TENSE” in Polish
Please feel free to edit this page if you think it can be improved!
Good learning!
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Introduction
Like the future tense (Language/Polish/Grammar/Future-Tense), the Polish past tense has two aspects, perfective and imperfective, and is shown with the same pairs.
Polish past tense will tell you person, number, gender, and aspect.
Basic rules are as follows: directly after the verb stem, you can have e (or nothing) which indicate the person or object is masculine, a, which indicates feminine.
There's also i which indicates at least one or more Animate/living male persons, or y which indicates no animate/living male persons. Directly after these you may have m, which indicates first person, ś which indicates second, nothing, which indicates third singular or third plural, śmy which indicates first plural, or ście, which is second plural.
For clarity, examples will be given below.
Perfective
Zrobić
| Singular | Male | Female | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (ja) | Zrobiłem | Zrobiłam | |
| 2nd (ty) | Zrobiłeś | Zrobiłaś | |
| 3rd (on, ona, ono) | Zrobił | Zrobiła | Zrobiło |
| Plural | masculine (męskoosobowy) | not masculine (niemęskoosobowy) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (my) | Zrobiliśmy | Zrobiłyście | |
| 2nd (wy) | Zrobiliście | Zrobiłyście | |
| 3rd (oni/one) | Zrobili | Zrobiły |
Imperfective
Próbować
| Singular | Male | Female | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (ja) | Próbowałem | Próbowałam | |
| 2nd (ty) | Próbowałeś | Próbowałaś | |
| 3rd (on, ona, ono) | Próbował | Próbowała | Próbowało |
| Plural | masculine (męskoosobowy) | not masculine (niemęskoosobowy) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (my) | Próbowaliśmy | Próbowałyście | |
| 2nd (wy) | Próbowaliście | Próbowałyście | |
| 3rd (oni/one) | Próbowali | Próbowały |
Polish language-past tense - perfective and imperfective:
singular number
- 1st person : male, female
- 2nd person : male, female
- 3rd person : male, female, neute
plural number :
- 1st person : masculine , not masculine
- 2nd person : masculine, not masculine
-3rd person : masculine, not masculine
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Past Tense in Polish
| ENGLISH | POLISH | PRONUNCIATION IN
ENGLISH |
BRAZILIAN
PORTUGUESE |
| I loved | Já kochałem | yah koh how ehm | Eu amava |
| You loved | Ty kochałeś | teh koh hou ehsh | Você amava |
| He loved | On kochał | ohn koh how | Ele amava |
| We loved | My kochaliśmy | meh koh hah lihsh meh | Nós amávamos |
| You loved | Wy kochaliście | veh koh hah lihsh cheh | Vocês amavam |
| They loved | Oni kochali | oh nih koh hah lih | Eles amavam |
| I spoke | Já mówiłem | yah mou vih ou ehm | Eu falava |
| You spoke | Ty mówiłeś | teh mou vih ou ehsh | Você falava |
| He spoke | On mówił | ohn mou vih ou | Ele falava |
| We spoke | My mówiliśmy | meh mou vih lihsh meh | Nós falávamos |
| You spoke | Wy mówiliście | veh mou vih lihsh cheh | Vocês falavam |
| They spoke | Oni mówili | oh nih mou vih lih | Eles falavam |
| I slept | Já spałem | yah spah ou ehm | Eu dormia |
| You slept | Ty spałeś | teh spah ou ehsh | Você dormia |
| He slept | On spał | ohn spah ou | Ele dormia |
| We slept | My spaliśmy | meh spah lihsh meh | Nós dormíamos |
| You slept | Wy spaliście | veh spah lihsh cheh | Vocês dormiam |
| They slept | Oni spali | oh nih spah lih | Eles dormiam |
| I ate | Já jadłem | yah yah dou ehm | Eu comia |
| You ate | Ty jadłeś | teh jah dou ehsh | Você comia |
| He ate | On jadł | ohn yah dou | Ele comia |
| We ate | My jedliśmy | meh yeh dlihsh meh | Nós comiamos |
| You ate | Wy jedliście | veh yeh dlihsh cheh | Vocês comiam |
| They ate | Oni jedli | oh nih yeh dlih | Eles comiam |