Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"

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<div style="font-size:300%;">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Must-know words for polyglots.</div>
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]
[[File:Words polyglots.png|thumb]]


Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
[Lesson in progress]


In progress.
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms.
On this page, you will find the most important ones.


Remember: you don't have to memorise them all in a single time.
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see:
* https://glossary.sil.org/term
* https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary


If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
If you need a clear categorization of linguistics, see:
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics#Branches_of_linguistics
 
This page need to be reorganized. Its style will be similar to Sci-Tech-Index.


To know a relatively clear categorization of linguistics, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics#Branches_of_linguistics
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics linguistics]
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Theoretical_linguistics|theoretical linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_linguistics theoretical linguistics]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology phonology]
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics) morphology]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax syntax]
|[[wikipedia:Morphology_(linguistics)|morphology]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics semantics]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics pragmatics]
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Semantics|sematics]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Pragmatics|pragmatics]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_description|discriptive linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_description descriptive linguistics]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Anthropological_linguistics|anthropological linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropological_linguistics anthropological linguistics]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_linguistics historical linguistics]
|[[wikipedia:Historical_linguistics|historical linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetics phonetics]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology etymology]
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolinguistics sociolinguistics]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociallinguistics]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Applied_linguistics|applied linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_linguistics applied linguistics]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Computational_linguistics|computational linguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_linguistics computational linguistics]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurolinguistics neurolinguistics]
|[[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics psycholinguistics]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Rhetoric|rhetoric]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric rhetoric]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthography orthography]
|[[wikipedia:Orthography|orthography]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicology lexicology]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicography lexicography]
|[[wikipedia:Lexicology|lexicology]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylistics stylistics]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Lexicography|lexicography]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Stylistics|stylistics]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics semiotics]
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Semiotics|semiotics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(linguistics) varity]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect dialect]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiolect ideolect]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_language standard language]
|}
|}
|Linguistics and its best-known branches.
Semiotics is not a part of linguistics, but it is closely related to linguistics.
|-
|-
|
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidgin pidgin]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_language creole]
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_(sociolinguistics) register]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Creole_language|creole]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Variety_(linguistics)|variety]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Register_(sociolinguistics)|register]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Standard_language|standard language]]
|}
|Language and its similar words in definition.
|-
|-
|
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_(phonetics) phone]
|[[wikipedia:Phone_(phonetics)|phone]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant consonant]
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Pulmonic_consonant|pulmonic consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonic_consonant pulmonic consonant]
|-
|non–pulmonic consonant
|non–pulmonic consonant
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Ejective_consonant|ejective consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejective_consonant ejective consonant]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click_consonant click consonant]
|[[wikipedia:Click_consonant|click consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implosive_consonant implosive consonant]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Implosive_consonant|implosive consonant]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_of_articulation place of articulation]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Labial_consonant|labial consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial_consonant labial consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Bilabial_consonant|bilabial consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilabial_consonant bilabial consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labiodental_consonant labiodental consonant]
|[[wikipedia:Labial–velar_consonant|labial–velar consonant]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Labial–coronal_consonant|labial–coronal consonant]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Labiodental_consonant|labiodental consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_consonant coronal consonant]
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Bidental_consonant|bidental consonant]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Coronal_consonant|coronal consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Linguolabial_consonant|linguolabial consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant linguolabial consonant]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdental_consonant interdental consonant]
|[[wikipedia:Interdental_consonant|interdental consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denti-alveolar_consonant denti-alveolar consonant]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_consonant dental consonant]
|[[wikipedia:Dental_consonant|dental consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apical_consonant apical consonant]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_consonant alveolar consonant]
|[[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar_consonant|denti–alveolar consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant postalveolar consonant]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar consonant]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Coronal–velar_consonant|coronal–velar consonant]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar_consonant|palato–alveolar consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palato-alveolar_consonant palato-alveolar consonant]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_consonant retroflex consonant]
|[[wikipedia:Retroflex_consonant|retroflex consonant]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dorsal_consonant|dorsal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_consonant dorsal consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Postalveolar_consonant|postalveolar consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant postalveolar consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal_consonant|alveolar–palatal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant alveolo-palatal consonant]
|}
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_consonant palatal consonant]
|[[wikipedia:Palatal_consonant|palatal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_consonant velar consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvular_consonant uvular consonant]
|[[wikipedia:Labio-palatalization|labial–palatal consonant]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Uvular_consonant|uvular consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant laryngeal consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Uvular–epiglottal_consonant|uvular–epiglottal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant pharyngeal consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_consonant glottal consonant]
|}
|}
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Laryngeal_consonant|laryngeal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manner_of_articulation manner of articulation]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent obstruent]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop consonant stop consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affricate_consonant affricate consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative_consonant fricative consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Pharyngeal_consonant|pharyngeal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilant sibilant]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Glottal_consonant|glottal cconsonant]]
|}
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Peripheral_consonant|peripheral consonant]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonorant sonorant]*
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_consonant nasal consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximant_consonant approximant consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Stop_consonant|stop consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semivowel semivowel]
|-
|}
|[[wikipedia:Affricate_consonant|affricate consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrant_consonant vibrant consonant]
|-
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fricative_consonant|fricative consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_consonant flap/tap consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trill_consonant trill consonant]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_consonant liquid consonant]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotic_consonant rhotic consonant]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_consonant lateral consonant]
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]*
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|nasal consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occlusive occlusive]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuant continuant]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Nasal_consonant|approximant consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel vowel]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_vowel close vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_vowel near-close vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_vowel close-mid vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_vowel mid vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_vowel open-mid vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_vowel near-open vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_vowel open vowel]
|}
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Vibrant_consonant|vibrant consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Flap_consonant|flap/tap consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_vowel front vowel]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vowel central vowel]
|[[wikipedia:Trill_consonant|trill consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_vowel back vowel]
|}
|}
|-
|[[wikipedia:Liquid_consonant|liquid consonant]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Rhotic_consonant|rhotic consonant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundedness unrounded vowel & rounded vowel]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Lateral_consonant|lateral consonant]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_vowel nasal vowel]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalization nasalisation]
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Occlusive|occlusive]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme phoneme]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable syllable]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Continuant|continuant]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet) letter]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case letter case]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic diacritic]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Vowel|vowel]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system writing system]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet alphabet]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad abjad]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugida abugida]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabary syllabary]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-syllabary semi-syllabary]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logogram logogram]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideogram ideogram]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictogram pictogram]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji emoji]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoticon emoticon]
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International Phonetic Alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet]
|-
|}
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Letter_(alphabet)|letter]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_change sound change]
|[[wikipedia:Letter_case|letter case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]]
|
|-
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seme_(semantics) seme]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sememe sememe]
|}
|}
|There are many words in this section. If you know them all, you can understand what those words in International Phonetic Alphabet mean.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>sonorant also includes the vowel.
|-
|-
|
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyph glyph]
|[[wikipedia:Lemma_(morphology)|lemma]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme grapheme]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Root_(linguistics)|root]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:False_friend|false friend]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Loanword|loadword]]
|}
|}
|Some confusing similar words with “word”.
|-
|-
|
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheme morpheme]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound_and_free_morphemes bound morpheme & free morpheme]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitic clitic]
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Affix|affix]]
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexeme lexeme]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word word]
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Prefix|prefix]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma_(morphology) lemma]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate cognate]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Infix|infix]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_formation word formation]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanword loanword]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicism anglicism]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphological_derivation derivation]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_(linguistics) compound]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blend_word blend word]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portmanteau portmanteau]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym acronym]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque calque]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologism neologism]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-formation backward-formation]
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Circumfix|circumfix]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration transliteration]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interfix|interfix]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription transcription]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Reduplication|duplifix]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics) root]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Transfix|transfix]]
|
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_stem stem]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix affix]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix prefix]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix suffix]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infix infix]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumfix circumfix]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfix interfix]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduplication duplifix]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfix transfix]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulfix simulfix]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprafix suprafix]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disfix disfix]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Simulfix|simulfix]]
|
|-
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom idiom]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverb proverb]
|[[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]]
|}
|}
|}
|An affix is a morpheme, which is just mentioned above.
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Parse_tree|parse tree]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parse_tree parse tree]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|constituency-based parse tree
|constituency-based parse tree
|-
|dependency-based parse tree
|dependency-based parse tree
|}
|}
|If you understand parse trees, you can draw and learn sentence structures quickly.
|-
|-
|
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_word function word]
|[[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_word content word]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]]
|}
|}
|Two important concepts.
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Part_of_speech|part of speech]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speech part of speech]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_(grammar) conjunction]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Conjunction_(grammar)|conjunction]]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjection interjection]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Contraction_(grammar)|contraction]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraction_(grammar) contraction]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_particle|particle]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particle particle]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Classifier_(linguistics)|classifier]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier_(linguistics) classifier]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics) numeral]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Numeral_(linguistics)|numeral]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Cardinal_number_(linguistics)|cardinal number]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_number_(linguistics) cardinal number]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_number_(linguistics) ordinal number]
|[[wikipedia:Ordinal_number_(linguistics)|ordinal number]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplier_(linguistics) multiplier]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive_number distributive number]
|[[wikipedia:Multiplier_(linguistics)|multiplier]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_number nominal number]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Distributive_number|distributive number]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Nominal_number|nominal number]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective adjective]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|attributive adjective
|attributive adjective
|-
|predicative adjective
|predicative adjective
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalized_adjective nominalized adjective]
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Nominalized_adjective|nominal adjectives]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb adverb]
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner determiner]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|article]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar) article]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|definite article
|definite article
|-
|indifinite article
|indifinite article
|-
|zero article
|zero article
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative demonstrative determiner]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Possessive_determiner|possessive determiner]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_determiner possessive determiner]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Quantifier_(linguistics)|quantifier]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier_(linguistics) quantifier]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Preposition_and_postposition|adposition]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition adposition]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|preposition
|preposition
|-
|postposition
|postposition
|-
|circumposition
|circumposition
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun noun]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Count_noun|countable noun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_noun countable noun]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_noun uncountable noun]
|[[wikipedia:Mass_noun|uncountable noun]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 388: Line 380:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|abstract noun
|abstract noun
|-
|concrete noun
|concrete noun
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|common noun
|common noun
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_noun proper noun]
|[[wikipedia:Proper_noun|proper noun]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun pronoun]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|personal pronoun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_pronoun personal pronoun]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_pronoun|reflexive pronoun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_pronoun reflexive pronoun]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_pronoun reciprocal pronoun]
|[[wikipedia:Reciprocal_pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Relative_pronoun|relative pronoun]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_pronoun relative pronoun]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb verb]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Impersonal_verb|impersonal verb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impersonal_verb impersonal verb]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intransitive_verb intransitive verb]
|[[wikipedia:Intransitive_verb|intransitive verb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb transitive verb]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditransitive_verb ditransitive verb]
|[[wikipedia:Transitive_verb|transitive verb]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ditransitive_verb|ditransitive verb]]
|-
|tritransitive verb
|tritransitive verb
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Modal_verb|modal verb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_verb modal verb]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Reflexive_verb|reflexive verb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verb reflexive verb]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Auxiliary_verb|auxiliary verb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_verb auxiliary verb]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Finite_verb|finite verb]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_verb finite verb]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonfinite_verb nonfinite verb]
|[[wikipedia:Nonfinite_verb|nonfinite verb]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive infinitive]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participle participle]
|[[wikipedia:Participle|participle]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund gerund]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Gerund|gerund]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
|PoS.
|-
|-
|
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase phrase]
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial_phrase|adverbial phrase]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbial_phrase adverbial phrase]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective_phrase adjective phrase]
|[[wikipedia:Adjective_phrase|adjective phrase]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase noun phrase]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adpositional_phrase adpositional phrase]
|[[wikipedia:Noun_phrase|noun phrase]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_phrase verb phrase]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Adpositional_phrase|adposition phrase]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Verb_phrase|verb phrase]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Clause|clause]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause clause]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|argument clause
|argument clause
|-
|adjuctive clause
|adjuctive clause
|-
|predicative clause
|predicative clause
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Dependent_clause|dependent clause]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent clause dependent clause]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent clause independent clause]
|[[wikipedia:Independent_clause|independent clause]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Sentence_(linguistics)|sentence]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics) sentence]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|simple sentence
|simple sentence
|-
|compound sentence
|compound sentence
|-
|complex sentence
|complex sentence
|-
|compound–complex sentence
|compound–complex sentence
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|declaritive sentence
|declaritive sentence
|-
|interrogative sentence
|interrogative sentence
|-
|exclamatory sentence
|exclamatory sentence
|-
|imperative sentence
|imperative sentence
|-
|instructive sentence
|instructive sentence
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|major sentence
|major sentence
|-
|minor sentence
|minor sentence
|}
|}
|}
|}
|Notice the differences between “phrase”, “clause”, “sentence”.
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_(linguistics) copula]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar grammar]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Comma|comma]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(grammar) predicate]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive attributive]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_(linguistics) complement]
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typography typography]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuation punctuation]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma comma]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_stop period]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclamation_mark exclamation mark]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_mark question mark]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_(punctuation) colon]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicolon semicolon]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark quotation mark]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemets]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillemet guillemet]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophe apostrophe]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphen hyphen]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Dash|dash]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash dash]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsis ellipsis]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash_(punctuation) slash]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket brackets]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|round brackets
|round brackets
|curly brackets
|square brackets
|angle brackets
|}
|-
|-
|curly brackets
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpunct interpunct]
|-
|-
|square brackets
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_(punctuation) space]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface typeface]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_type roman type]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sans-serif sans-serif]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serif serif]
|}
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Font font]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_font computer font]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding character encoding]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASCII]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode Unicode]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojibake mojibake]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emphasis_(typography) emphasis]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italic_type italic]
|bold
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underline underline]
|}
|}
|}
|Punctuation. People often neglect it.
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy calligraphy]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_category grammatical category]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person person]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|first person
|first person
|-
|second person
|second person
|-
|third person
|third person
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(grammar) subject]
|[[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(grammar) object]
|-
|}
|[[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_(linguistics) argument]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjunct_(grammar) adjunct]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_(linguistics) complement]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valency_(linguistics) valency]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorifics_(linguistics) honorifics]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender gender]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|masculine
|masculine
|-
|feminine
|feminine
|-
|neuter
|neuter
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|animate
|animate
|-
|inanimate
|inanimate
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case case]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative_case nominative case]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_case accusative case]
|[[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dative_case dative case]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablative_case ablative case]
|[[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case genitive case]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocative_case vocative case]
|[[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case locative case]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_case instrumental case]
|[[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_case oblique case]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense tense]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_tense past tense]
|[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_tense present tense]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_tense future tense]
|[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect aspect]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|simple aspect
|simple aspect
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_and_progressive_aspects progressive aspect & continous aspect]
|[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_(grammar) perfect aspect]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospective_aspect prospective aspect]
|[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood mood]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realis_mood realis mood]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|indicative mood
|indicative mood
|-
|energenic mood
|energenic mood
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrealis_mood irrealis mood]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjunctive_mood subjunctive mood]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_mood conditional mood]
|[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optative_mood optative mood]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_mood imperative mood]
|[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrogative interrogative mood]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jussive_mood jussive mood]
|[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]]
|-
|[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]]
|-
|potential mood
|potential mood
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderative_mood desiderative mood]
|[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(grammar) voice]
|[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice active voice]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice passive voice]
|[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection inflection]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjugation conjugation]
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declension declension]
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_(grammar) comparison]
|[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|positive
|positive
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative comparative]
|[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]]
|-
|superlative
|superlative
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation polarity]
|[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|affirmation
|affirmation
|-
|negation
|negation
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number number]
|[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|singular
|singular
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural plural]
|[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusivity clusivity]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animacy animacy]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telicity telicity]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_and_comment topic & comment]
|}
|}
|“Grammatical category”, you may haven't heard about it, but you know it.
An “aspect” may be considered as “tense”.
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_typology|linguistic typology]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_verb_construction serial verb construction]
|}
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive attributive]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbial adverbial]
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]]
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyponymy_and_hypernymy hyponym and hypernym]
|-
|}
|[[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meronymy meronym]
|[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holonymy holonym]
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym synonym]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite_(semantics) antonym]
|}
|}
|Languages can be differentiated by its structure.
|-
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]
|
|-
|-
|
|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_of_speech figure of speech]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allusion allusion]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy analogy]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphism anthropomorphism]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clich%C3%A9 cliché]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemism euphemism]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irony irony]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphor metaphor]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personification personification]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallelism_(rhetoric) parallelism]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parody parody]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire satire]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simile simile]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synecdoche synecdoche]
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apposition apposition]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collocation collocation]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_typology linguistic typology]
|-
{| class="wikitable"
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_order word order]
|-
|}
|[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_language analystic language]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolating_language isolating language]
|}
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_language synthetic language]
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusional_language fusional language]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinative_language agglutinative language]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysynthetic_language polysynthetic language]
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_family language family]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect_continuum dialect continuum]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_isolate language isolate]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-language proto-language]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language constructed language]
|}
|-
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphy calligraphy]
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity linguistic relativity]
|}
|
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Idiom|idiom]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis Kurgan hypothesis]
|
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone Rosetta Stone]
|
|-
|-
|[[wikipedia:Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta Stone]]
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadesh_list Swadesh list]
|It tells us the value to write parallel text.
|}
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> sonorant also includes vowels.
==-- AUTHOR --==
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
{{#seo:
|title=Most important words related to linguistics and learning languages
|description=Here is a list of important words to know if you are a polyglot or simply if you like languages
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/d/d4/Words_polyglots.png/450px-Words_polyglots.png
}}
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Furniture-in-many-languages|Furniture in many languages]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Greetings-Reply-to-a-greeting|Greetings Reply to a greeting]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Count-from-1-to-10-in-many-languages|Count from 1 to 10 in many languages]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Mathematical-Analysis|Mathematical Analysis]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Statistics|Statistics]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Lack-of-love-in-many-languages|Lack of love in many languages]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Theater-in-many-languages|Theater in many languages]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Glossary-for-translations|Glossary for translations]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Thermodynamics|Thermodynamics]]
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Robotics|Robotics]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 22:16, 26 March 2023

Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see:

If you need a clear categorization of linguistics, see:

This page need to be reorganized. Its style will be similar to Sci-Tech-Index.

linguistics
theoretical linguistics
phonology morphology syntax semantics pragmatics
descriptive linguistics
anthropological linguistics historical linguistics phonetics etymology sociolinguistics
applied linguistics
computational linguistics neurolinguistics psycholinguistics
rhetoric orthography lexicology lexicography stylistics
semiotics
varity
dialect ideolect standard language
pidgin
creole
register
phone
consonant
pulmonic consonant non–pulmonic consonant
ejective consonant click consonant implosive consonant
place of articulation
labial consonant
bilabial consonant labiodental consonant
coronal consonant
linguolabial consonant interdental consonant denti-alveolar consonant dental consonant apical consonant alveolar consonant postalveolar consonant
palato-alveolar consonant retroflex consonant
dorsal consonant
postalveolar consonant
alveolo-palatal consonant
palatal consonant velar consonant uvular consonant
laryngeal consonant
pharyngeal consonant glottal consonant
manner of articulation
obstruent
consonant stop consonant affricate consonant fricative consonant
sibilant
sonorant*
nasal consonant approximant consonant
semivowel
vibrant consonant
flap/tap consonant trill consonant
liquid consonant
rhotic consonant lateral consonant
occlusive continuant
vowel
close vowel near-close vowel close-mid vowel mid vowel open-mid vowel near-open vowel open vowel
front vowel central vowel back vowel
unrounded vowel & rounded vowel
nasal vowel nasalisation
phoneme
syllable
letter
letter case diacritic
writing system
alphabet abjad abugida syllabary semi-syllabary logogram
ideogram
pictogram
emoji emoticon
Phonetic Alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet
sound change
seme sememe
glyph grapheme
morpheme
bound morpheme & free morpheme
clitic
lexeme word
lemma
cognate
word formation
loanword
anglicism
derivation compound blend word
portmanteau
acronym calque neologism backward-formation
transliteration
transcription
root
stem affix
prefix suffix infix circumfix interfix duplifix transfix simulfix suprafix disfix
idiom proverb
parse tree
constituency-based parse tree dependency-based parse tree
function word content word
part of speech
conjunction
interjection
contraction
particle
classifier
numeral
cardinal number ordinal number multiplier distributive number nominal number
adjective
attributive adjective predicative adjective nominalized adjective
adverb
determiner
article
definite article indifinite article zero article
demonstrative determiner
possessive determiner
quantifier
adposition
preposition postposition circumposition
noun
countable noun uncountable noun
collective noun
abstract noun concrete noun
common noun proper noun
pronoun
personal pronoun
reflexive pronoun reciprocal pronoun
relative pronoun
verb
impersonal verb intransitive verb transitive verb ditransitive verb tritransitive verb
modal verb
reflexive verb
auxiliary verb
finite verb nonfinite verb
infinitive participle gerund
phrase
adverbial phrase adjective phrase noun phrase adpositional phrase verb phrase
clause
argument clause adjuctive clause predicative clause
clause dependent clause clause independent clause
sentence
simple sentence compound sentence complex sentence compound–complex sentence
declaritive sentence interrogative sentence exclamatory sentence imperative sentence instructive sentence
major sentence minor sentence
copula
grammar
predicate
attributive
complement
typography
punctuation
comma
period
exclamation mark
question mark
colon
semicolon
quotation mark
guillemet
apostrophe
hyphen
dash
ellipsis
slash
brackets
round brackets curly brackets square brackets angle brackets
interpunct
space
typeface
roman type
sans-serif serif
font
computer font
character encoding
ASCII
Unicode
mojibake
emphasis
italic bold underline
calligraphy
grammatical category
person
first person second person third person
subject object
argument adjunct complement
valency
honorifics
gender
masculine feminine neuter
animate inanimate
case
nominative case accusative case dative case ablative case genitive case vocative case locative case instrumental case oblique case
tense
past tense present tense future tense
aspect
simple aspect progressive aspect & continous aspect perfect aspect prospective aspect
mood
realis mood
indicative mood energenic mood
irrealis mood
subjunctive mood conditional mood optative mood imperative mood interrogative mood jussive mood potential mood desiderative mood
voice
active voice passive voice
inflection
conjugation declension
comparison
positive comparative superlative
polarity
affirmation negation
number
singular plural
clusivity
animacy
telicity
topic & comment
serial verb construction
attributive
adverbial
hyponym and hypernym
meronym holonym
synonym antonym
figure of speech
allusion analogy anthropomorphism cliché euphemism irony metaphor personification parallelism parody satire simile synecdoche
apposition
collocation
linguistic typology
word order
analystic language
isolating language
synthetic language
fusional language agglutinative language polysynthetic language
language family dialect continuum language isolate proto-language constructed language
calligraphy
linguistic relativity
Kurgan hypothesis
Rosetta Stone
Swadesh list

* sonorant also includes vowels.

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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