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[[File:la_comma.gif|thumb]]
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<div class="pg_page_title">Rules for Comma Usage</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Rules for Comma Usage</div>
* '''Το κόμμα (,)'''
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Ελληνικά'''
!'''English'''
|-
|'''Το κόμμα : η σωστή  χρήση''' 
|
== '''Comma and its use''' ==
|-
|Το κόμμα είναι το πιο συχνό σημείο στίξης.
Η χρήση του είναι απαραίτητη προκειμένου


να αποφεύγονται παρανοήσεις
__TOC__


και να γίνεται ευκολότερη η ανάγνωση.  
== Rules - Το κόμμα (,) ==
The comma is a punctuation mark frequently used in modern Greek writing. Its use is essential to avoid misunderstandings and facilitate reading. The comma originally meant a cut-off piece, specifically in grammar, a short clause. It marks a brief pause in reading without changing the intonation.


Όταν διαβάζουμε, στο κόμμα κάνουμε μια μικρή παύση. 
The comma is mandatory between coordinated terms without conjunctions, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. We do not put the comma between the subject and the verb, its complements or predicate.
|The comma, from the Greek κόμμα (kómma),  


which originally meant a cut-off piece, specifically in grammar, a short clause,
Phrases or propositions that are connected with "ούτε" (neither), "είτε" (either), "μήτε" (nor), "είτε ... είτε" (either…either), "ή" (or), or with the adverb "παρά" do not use a comma before or after them.


is the punctuation mark most frequently.  
The comma is used with the relative pronoun "ό, τι" (whatever, what, any) and instead of the decimal point in numbers. It is also used in the vocative case of interpellation, to separate negative particles or affirmative, and when we want to separate words or phrases that are not related in any way.


Its use is essential to avoid
When we want to separate the principal clause and the subordinate clause used as determinations, we use a comma. We also use a comma after yes and no.


misunderstandings and facilitate reading.
According to the rule, the comma is not used before "και." However, it depends on the particle. When the "και" brings together sentences, we do not put the comma. But when there are associated terms with "και" and the latter presents a new proposal, the comma is recommended.


The comma marks a brief pause in reading
Lastly, the conjunction "και" before a vowel becomes "κι."


without however the intonation changing.
Additionally, it's worth noting that the use of the comma in modern Greek can vary depending on the writer's personal style and the context of the writing. For instance, some writers may use the comma more liberally, while others may prefer a more minimalistic approach.
|-
|'''Βασικοί Κανόνες'''
|
== '''Rules''' ==
|-
|Βάζουμε κόμμα μέσα στην ίδια πρόταση,  
όταν έχουμε όμοιους όρους στη σειρά (ασύνδετους),  


όπως ουσιαστικά, επίθετα, ρήματα, επιρρήματα: 
In general, the comma is used to separate ideas, clarify sentence structures, and indicate pauses in speech. It's an important tool for conveying meaning in written communication, and mastering its use can greatly improve the clarity and effectiveness of one's writing.


'''π.χ''' Η μητέρα ψώνισε μήλα, πορτοκάλια, μανταρίνια και αχλάδια. 
It's also important to note that the rules for comma usage in Greek may differ slightly from those in English or other languages. As with any language, it's important to study and practice the rules of punctuation to ensure effective communication.
|The comma is mandatory between coordinated


terms without conjunctions,
In conclusion, the comma is a vital punctuation mark in modern Greek writing, and its use is essential for conveying meaning and avoiding misunderstandings. While there are specific rules for its usage, it's important to remember that personal style and context can also play a role in determining the appropriate use of the comma in Greek writing.


such as nouns, adjectives, verbs,
== Examples ==
Here are some additional examples of comma usage in modern Greek:


and adverbs.
# To separate items in a list: Πήγα στο μάθημα με την τσάντα, το βιβλίο και το μολύβι. I went to the class with my bag, book, and pencil.
# To separate adjectives that describe the same noun: Η πόλη είναι όμορφη, καθαρή και ζωντανή. The city is beautiful, clean, and lively.
# To separate clauses that are connected with "αν": Αν πας στο κατάστημα, αγόρασε γάλα. If you go to the store, buy some milk too.
# To separate parts of a complex sentence: Ενώ η πίτσα ψηνόταν, ετοίμασα και τη σαλάτα. While I was baking the pizza, I was also preparing the salad.
# To separate phrases that provide additional information: Ο Νίκος, που είναι μαθητής στο ίδιο σχολείο με μένα, είναι πολύ καλός στα μαθηματικά. Nikos, who is a student at the same school as me, is very good at math.


'''Eg'''. :
These are just a few examples of how the comma is used in modern Greek writing. It's important to study and practice the rules of punctuation to ensure effective communication in any language.
 
Η μητέρα ψώνισε μήλα, πορτοκάλια, μανταρίνια και αχλάδια
 
Mother bought apples, oranges, mandarins and pears
|-
|Το ρήμα δεν πρέπει να χωρίζεται με κόμμα από το υποκείμενο,
ούτε το αντικείμενο και το κατηγορούμενο από το ρήμα.
 
'''π.χ''' Το παιδί μπαίνει στο λεωφορείο 
 
Η γη είναι στρογγυλή
|We do not put the comma between the subject
 
and the verb, its complements or predicate.
 
'''Eg:'''
 
Το παιδί μπαίνει στο λεωφορείο:
 
• child will ride on the bus 
 
Η γη είναι στρογγυλή:
 
•Earth is round 
|-
|Δεν χωρίζονται με κόμμα οι
φράσεις ή οι προτάσεις
 
που εισάγονται με το "'''ούτε", "είτε",'''
 
'''"μήτε'''" '''ή''' ,τα συνήθως επαναλαμβανόμενα: 
 
'''είτε ... είτε''' με το αντιθετικό επίρρημα 
 
'''παρά''' ή με τον  συγκριτικό σύνδεσμο '''παρά'''.
 
'''π.χ'''
 
'''Είτε''' μείνεις '''είτε''' φύγεις το ίδιο μου κάνει 
 
Πάντα προσπαθεί '''παρά''' τις δυσκολίες
|Ils are not separated by a comma
 
phrases or propositions that are entertaining
 
avec: '''"ούτε'''"(neither), "'''είτε'''" (either),
 
"'''μήτε'''" (nor) "'''είτε ... είτε'''"
 
(either… either souvenir repeat) '''ή''' (or)
 
with the adverb opposite '''"παρά".'''
 
Don’t use a comma before '''"παρά"''' (than)
 
when you’re making a comparison.
 
'''Eg:'''
 
Θα κοιμηθείς εδώ '''ή''' θα φύγεις
 
will you sleep here or will you go?
 
'''Είτε''' μείνεις '''είτε''' φύγεις το ίδιο μου κάνει
 
Either you stay or you go, it makes me the same
|-
|'''Το κόμμα χρησιμοποιείται'''
|
== '''Comma Usage''' ==
|-
|
# Στο αναφορικό '''«ό,τι»'''
Θα κάνω '''ό,τι''' θέλεις
'''2.'''Στους αριθμούς για τη διάκριση των δεκαδικών ψηφίων
 
Το αγόρασα '''3,50''' ευρώ
 
'''3.'''Στην κλητική προσφώνηση :
 
'''Μαρία,''' έλα γρήγορα
|'''1.''' With the relative pronoun '''"ό, τι":'''
 
(whatever, what, any)
 
'''Ex''' .: Θα κάνω '''ό, τι''' θέλεις:
 
i will do what you want
 
'''2'''. Used instead of the decimal point in numbers
 
Το αγόρασα '''3,50''' ευρώ
 
I bought €3,50
 
'''3'''.Vocative, case of interpellation:
 
'''Μαρία,''' έλα γρήγορα:
 
Maria, come quickly
|-
|Για να χωρίσει αρνητικά ή
βεβαιωτικά μόρια
στην αρχή της πρότασης:
 
'''π.χ''' Βέβαια, θα έρθω
|To separate negative particles
 
or affirmative especially at
 
the beginning of the sentence:
 
'''Ex .''': Βέβαια, θα έρθω:
 
'''of course,''' I will come.
|-
|Όταν θέλουμε να χωρίσουμε λέξεις ή προτάσεις
που δεν συνδέονται μεταξύ τους με κάποιον άλλο τρόπο : 
 
'''π.χ''' Περάσαμε πολύ καλά στη γιορτή, χορέψαμε,
 
τραγουδήσαμε, παίξαμε, γελάσαμε.
|When we want to separate words
 
or phrases that are not related
 
in any way:
 
'''Ex .''': Περάσαμε πολύ καλά στη γιορτή,
 
χορέψαμε, τραγουδήσαμε, παίξαμε, γελάσαμε.
 
We had fun during the party,
 
we danced, sang, played, laughed.
|-
|Όταν θέλουμε να χωρίσουμε τις κύριες από τις δευτερεύουσες
προτάσεις που χρησιμοποιούνται ως προσδιορισμοί.
 
Πιο συγκεκριμένα χωρίζουμε τις :
 
χρονικές, υποθετικές, αιτιολογικές, εναντιωματικές
 
και αποτελεσματικές προτάσεις,
 
ιδιαίτερα αν αυτές βρίσκονται πριν από την κύρια πρόταση
 
ή είναι πολύ μεγάλες.
 
'''Αν θέλετε,''' μπορείτε να έρθετε μαζί μας.
|When we want to separate the principal
 
clause and the subordinate clause
 
are used as determinations.
 
In particular, we separate the proposals
 
time marqueurs, hypothetical, causative,
 
contradictory and effective, and above all
 
if they are before a proposal
 
main or it is very long.
 
'''Ex''' .: Αν θέλετε, μπορείτε να έρθετε μαζί μας.
 
If you want, you can come with us.
|-
|Μετά το '''ναι''' και το '''όχ'''ι.
'''Ναι,''' θα έρθω.
|After the '''yes''' and '''no'''.
 
'''Ναι,''' θα έρθω: Yes, I will come.
|-
|'''Κόμμα πριν από το " και "'''
|'''Comma before''' '''" και''' "
|-
|Σύμφωνα με τον κανόνα πριν από το '''«και»''' δεν χρησιμοποιείται κόμμα.
Αυτό εξαρτάται όμως από τη φύση του συνδέσμου.
 
Όταν είναι συνδετικός, δεν χρειάζεται κόμμα
 
αφού συνδέει όμοια πράγματα.
 
π.χ : Ο Τάκης πλύθηκε και ντύθηκε
|According to the rule before the "'''και"'''
 
the comma is not used.
 
However, it depends instead of the particle.
 
When the "και" brings together sentences,
 
we do not put the comma.
 
'''Eg. :''' Ο Τάκης πλύθηκε και ντύθηκε
 
Takis was washed and dressed
|-
|Όταν όμως υπάρχουν όροι που συνδέονται
μεταξύ τους με '''«και»''' 
 
και το τελευταίο και εισάγει μία νέα πρόταση,
 
τότε το κόμμα συνιστάται. 
 
π.χ Αγόρασε δώρα για τους γονείς του,
 
τα αδέρφια και τους φίλους '''του, και'''
 
ξόδεψε όλα του τα χρήματα
|But when there are associated terms
 
with '''"και'''" and the latter
 
presents a new proposal,
 
the comma is recommended.
 
'''Ex''' .: Αγόρασε δώρα για τους γονείς του,
 
τα αδέρφια και τους φίλους του''', και''' ξόδεψε
 
όλα του τα χρήματα
 
He bought gifts for his parents,
 
his brothers and friends, and
 
spent all his money
|-
|'''Το συνδετικό «και» μπροστά από ένα φωνήεν γίνεται «κι»'''
|'''The conjunction "και" before'''
 
'''a vowel becomes "κι"'''
|}


{{Marianthi-Signature}}
{{Marianthi-Signature}}


==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Participle-spelling|Participle spelling]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Participle-spelling|Participle spelling]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-paronyms|The paronyms]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-paronyms|The paronyms]]
Line 303: Line 51:
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Various-Greek-linguistic-terms|Various Greek linguistic terms]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Various-Greek-linguistic-terms|Various Greek linguistic terms]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Demonstrative-Pronouns|Demonstrative Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Demonstrative-Pronouns|Demonstrative Pronouns]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 23:30, 26 March 2023

La comma.gif
Rules for Comma Usage

Rules - Το κόμμα (,)[edit | edit source]

The comma is a punctuation mark frequently used in modern Greek writing. Its use is essential to avoid misunderstandings and facilitate reading. The comma originally meant a cut-off piece, specifically in grammar, a short clause. It marks a brief pause in reading without changing the intonation.

The comma is mandatory between coordinated terms without conjunctions, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. We do not put the comma between the subject and the verb, its complements or predicate.

Phrases or propositions that are connected with "ούτε" (neither), "είτε" (either), "μήτε" (nor), "είτε ... είτε" (either…either), "ή" (or), or with the adverb "παρά" do not use a comma before or after them.

The comma is used with the relative pronoun "ό, τι" (whatever, what, any) and instead of the decimal point in numbers. It is also used in the vocative case of interpellation, to separate negative particles or affirmative, and when we want to separate words or phrases that are not related in any way.

When we want to separate the principal clause and the subordinate clause used as determinations, we use a comma. We also use a comma after yes and no.

According to the rule, the comma is not used before "και." However, it depends on the particle. When the "και" brings together sentences, we do not put the comma. But when there are associated terms with "και" and the latter presents a new proposal, the comma is recommended.

Lastly, the conjunction "και" before a vowel becomes "κι."

Additionally, it's worth noting that the use of the comma in modern Greek can vary depending on the writer's personal style and the context of the writing. For instance, some writers may use the comma more liberally, while others may prefer a more minimalistic approach.

In general, the comma is used to separate ideas, clarify sentence structures, and indicate pauses in speech. It's an important tool for conveying meaning in written communication, and mastering its use can greatly improve the clarity and effectiveness of one's writing.

It's also important to note that the rules for comma usage in Greek may differ slightly from those in English or other languages. As with any language, it's important to study and practice the rules of punctuation to ensure effective communication.

In conclusion, the comma is a vital punctuation mark in modern Greek writing, and its use is essential for conveying meaning and avoiding misunderstandings. While there are specific rules for its usage, it's important to remember that personal style and context can also play a role in determining the appropriate use of the comma in Greek writing.

Examples[edit | edit source]

Here are some additional examples of comma usage in modern Greek:

  1. To separate items in a list: Πήγα στο μάθημα με την τσάντα, το βιβλίο και το μολύβι. I went to the class with my bag, book, and pencil.
  2. To separate adjectives that describe the same noun: Η πόλη είναι όμορφη, καθαρή και ζωντανή. The city is beautiful, clean, and lively.
  3. To separate clauses that are connected with "αν": Αν πας στο κατάστημα, αγόρασε γάλα. If you go to the store, buy some milk too.
  4. To separate parts of a complex sentence: Ενώ η πίτσα ψηνόταν, ετοίμασα και τη σαλάτα. While I was baking the pizza, I was also preparing the salad.
  5. To separate phrases that provide additional information: Ο Νίκος, που είναι μαθητής στο ίδιο σχολείο με μένα, είναι πολύ καλός στα μαθηματικά. Nikos, who is a student at the same school as me, is very good at math.

These are just a few examples of how the comma is used in modern Greek writing. It's important to study and practice the rules of punctuation to ensure effective communication in any language.

Author[edit source]

➡ Marianthi

  • Ευγενική χορηγία που στοχεύει να βοηθήσει μαθητές ή μη, απανταχού της Γης, που επιδίδονται στην εκμάθηση της ελληνικής γλώσσας!
  • Contribution bénévole visant à aider les personnes, partout dans le monde, qui sont engagées dans l'apprentissage de la langue grecque !
  • Voluntary contribution aimed at helping people, all over the world, who are committed to learning the Greek language! 

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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