Language/Central-khmer/Vocabulary/Seasons-and-Months
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, we will explore the Central Khmer vocabulary for the four seasons and twelve months. Weather and seasons are essential topics for language learners as they provide a foundation for everyday conversations and understanding the local culture. By learning the vocabulary for seasons and months, you will be able to discuss the weather, plan activities, and understand the local customs and traditions associated with each season. This lesson will help you build a solid vocabulary base and improve your conversational skills in Central Khmer.
The lesson will be divided into two parts. First, we will focus on the four seasons, including their names, pronunciation, and related expressions. Then, we will delve into the twelve months, exploring their names, pronunciation, and cultural significance. Throughout the lesson, we will provide numerous examples and practice exercises to reinforce your understanding of the vocabulary. By the end of this lesson, you will have a strong grasp of the Central Khmer vocabulary for weather, seasons, and months, enabling you to engage in meaningful conversations and connect with the local culture. So let's get started!
Seasons[edit | edit source]
Central Khmer, like many other languages, recognizes four seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter. Each season has its unique characteristics and is associated with different weather patterns and activities. Let's explore the vocabulary for each season in Central Khmer:
Spring[edit | edit source]
Spring, known as "chhneah chet" in Central Khmer, is a season of new beginnings and growth. It is characterized by pleasant weather, blooming flowers, and longer daylight hours. Here are some essential words and expressions related to spring:
Central Khmer | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ជើងសា | chhneah saa | spring |
ផ្លែរស្លឹក | pleav slerk | flower |
ពពក | pouk | bud |
ប្រណិត | prornit | fresh |
ស្លេក | slek | bloom |
រីករាយ | rik reay | sunny |
ក្រោយពីរលាក់ពី | kraoy pi lak pi | after the rain |
Here are some example sentences using these words:
- នៅក្នុងលោកស្រីចង្វាក់ជើងសា ផ្លែរស្លឹកបោះលុកលោកស្រី។
(Neak chheng sa jom kong chhneah saa pleav slerk boh lok lok sa jom.) In spring, flowers bloom and decorate the land.
- ពពកថ្មីដែលត្រូវបានបង្កើតក្នុងរបស់ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា។
(Pouk thom del trob ban bongkaet knea robsareach neak cheat kampuchea.) New buds are being created in the gardens of the Kingdom of Cambodia.
Summer[edit | edit source]
Summer, known as "sak chet" in Central Khmer, is a season of warmth and vitality. It is characterized by hot weather, abundant sunshine, and vibrant natural surroundings. Here are some essential words and expressions related to summer:
Central Khmer | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ខ្សែរ | kheak | heat |
ចង្រ្កាន | chongkran | sweat |
ខ្សែកំពង់ | kheak kampoung | beach |
កន្លែងកំពង់ | kandaleng kampoung | seaside |
ស្អាត | sa'at | fresh |
ពងត្រចៀក | pung tra cheik | ice cream |
ជួរដេក | chuor dek | vacation |
Here are some example sentences using these words:
- សម្រាកបន្តិចនឹងការធ្វើកិច្ចការរីករាយរបស់យើងខ្លាំងណាស់។
(Samrak bandit chherng nung kar tvey kichak rik reay robos yerng klang nas.) The energy level is high during our summer vacation.
- នៅក្នុងរដូវពងត្រចៀក យើងអាចកម្ពុជាដំណើរការនិងរីករាយជាមួយគ្រប់ក្រុង។
(Neak kong rodov pung tra cheik yerng auk kampuchea domneak kar neng rik reay jea mouy krung.) During the ice cream season, we can travel and enjoy ourselves in every city.
Fall[edit | edit source]
Fall, known as "kheam chet" in Central Khmer, is a season of change and harvest. It is characterized by cooler weather, falling leaves, and the ripening of crops. Here are some essential words and expressions related to fall:
Central Khmer | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
សំពោធគ្មាន | sampaot kmean | autumn |
កណ្តៀងស្រី | kandeng sa'ay | cool weather |
ស្រែចាស់ | sae chas | yellow leaves |
ស្រែដើមស្រែក្រឡូត | sae dom sae kralout | falling leaves |
ស្រែផ្លែចំណែក | sae pleav chamneak | autumn fruits |
ដីញើស | der neas | harvest |
ក្បាលទឹកដី | klab teuk der | pumpkin |
Here are some example sentences using these words:
- ស្រែចាស់ដែលបង្កើតដោយដីនិងការជិតស្រែដើមស្រែក្រឡូតក្រោមនៅលើដីគឺជាផ្លែចំណែក។
(Sae chas del bongkaet dae der neng kar chit sae dom sae kralout kor ouy ler der ke chet pleav chamneak.) The yellow leaves created by the earth and the falling leaves on the ground are autumn fruits.
- នៅពេលដើមកម្ពុជាយើងច្រើនកំប៉ុងខ្លាំងដើម្បីរក្សាស្រែដែលបានដុះដីដោយជាតិវិទ្យាល័យនៅក្នុងប្រទេសប្រព័ន្ធខ្មែរ។
(Noeul der kampuchea yerng kron kambong klang derb derm bey roksae dae ban doch der douy chea vithey lay neak kong prateh kampuchea.) During the fall in Cambodia, we have many activities to enjoy the falling leaves created by the university in the country.
Winter[edit | edit source]
Winter, known as "chom chet" in Central Khmer, is a season of cold weather and tranquility. It is characterized by low temperatures, occasional rainfall, and a sense of calmness in the surroundings. Here are some essential words and expressions related to winter:
Central Khmer | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
រស់ | ros | cold |
ទឹកភ្លើង | teuk pleung | snow |
ចង្រកស្រស់ | chongkra sa'as | freezing |
បង្កើតគ្រាប់បែកទឹកភ្លើង | bongkaet krap beak teuk pleung | build a snowman |
ស្នាមមុខមិនស្រស់ | snam mokh min sa'as | winter hat |
បន្ទាន់ប្រមាណ | bantam pramane | sweater |
ក្បាលទឹកបាន់ | klab teuk baan | coffee |
Here are some example sentences using these words:
- នៅក្នុងរស់ចង្រកស្រស់យើងកំពុជាកាត់ស្រឡាញ់ដើម្បីបង្កើតគ្រាប់បែកទឹកភ្លើង។
(Neak kong ros chongkra sa'as yerng kampuchea kat sralanh douy bongkaet krap beak teuk pleung.) In the freezing cold of Cambodia, we wear scarves to build snowmen.
- ចំណីកំពុជាខ្លាំងស្រឡាញ់យើងត្រូវការក្កិបបុកដើម្បីកុកកុងទឹកបាន់។
(Chamneak kampuchea khlam sralanh yerng trov kar kkeb bok douy kuk kong teuk baan.) In the tranquility and coldness of Cambodia, we need a warm sweater to hug our coffee.
Months[edit | edit source]
In addition to the four seasons, Central Khmer also has twelve months, each with its specific name and cultural significance. Let's explore the vocabulary for each month in Central Khmer:
January[edit | edit source]
January, known as "kheam muer" in Central Khmer, marks the beginning of the year. It is a month of new resolutions and fresh starts. Here are the Central Khmer names for the months:
Central Khmer | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
មករា | makara | January |
ខែមីនា | kheam mina | February |
មិថុនា | mithuna | March |
មេសា | mesa | April |
ឧសភា | ahsa | May |
មិថុនា | mithuna | June |
កក្កដា | kaka da | July |
សីហា | sa'eha | August |
ខែតុលា | kheam tulah | September |
តុលា | tulah | October |
វិច្ឆិកា | vihjha'ka | November |
ធ្នូ | tnoh | December |
Here are some example sentences using these words:
- ខែមករា គឺជាខែដែលនៅក្នុងឆាន់តែក្រោយចូលឆ្នាំថ្មី។
(Kheam makara kor jea kong cherng tae kraoh chol choul chnam thmei.) January is the month that falls immediately after entering the new year.
- ខែមីនា គឺជាខែដែលនៅស្រស់ដើមឆ្នាំថ្មី។
(Kheam mina kor jea kong sa'as douy cherng thae kraoh chol choul chnam thmei.) February is the month that falls at the beginning of the new year.
Cultural Significance of Months[edit | edit source]
The names of the months in Central Khmer have cultural and historical significance. They are derived from the ancient Khmer calendar, which was based on the lunar cycle and agricultural activities. The Khmer calendar has its roots in the Indian Saka calendar and incorporates elements of both Hinduism and Buddhism. Each month represents different agricultural activities, religious festivals, or natural phenomena. For example:
- បុណ្យចូលឆ្នាំថ្មី (Bon Chol Chhnam Thmei) - Khmer New Year: This important festival marks the beginning of the new year and is celebrated in April. It is a time for family gatherings, traditional games, and religious ceremonies.
- បុណ្យវិសាខបូជា (Bon Vissak Bochea) - Visak Bochea Day: This Buddhist holiday is celebrated in May and commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha. Devout Buddhists visit temples, make offerings, and participate in merit-making activities.
- បុណ្យស្អាត (Bon Sa'at) - Pchum Ben: This 15-day Buddhist festival is held in September or October and honors deceased ancestors. Cambodians visit pagodas to offer food and make prayers for the souls of their loved ones.
Understanding the cultural significance of each month's name will not only enhance your vocabulary but also deepen your appreciation for Central Khmer culture and traditions.
Practice Exercise[edit | edit source]
Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of the Central Khmer vocabulary for weather, seasons, and months:
Exercise 1: Match the Central Khmer words with their English translations.
- ជើងសា
- ខ្សែរ
- រីករាយ
- ស្លេក
- ចង្រ្កាន
- ស្រែដើមស្រែក្រឡូត
- បន្ទាន់ប្រមាណ
- តុលា
A. rain B. sunny C. autumn D. spring E. yellow leaves F. cool weather G. December H. flower
Solution:
- ជើងសា - D. spring
- ខ្សែរ - H. flower
- រីករាយ - B. sunny
- ស្លេក - E. yellow leaves
- ចង្រ្កាន - F. cool weather
- ស្រែដើមស្រែក្រឡូត - A. rain
- បន្ទាន់ប្រមាណ - G. December
- តុលា - C. autumn
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with the appropriate Central Khmer vocabulary words. 1. ស្រែចាស់ដែលបានបង្កើតដោយដីនិងការជិតស្រែដើមស្រែក្រឡូតក្រោមនៅលើដីគឺជាផ្លែចំណែក។ 2. នៅពេលដើមកម្ពុជាយើងច្រើនកំប៉ុងខ្លាំងដើម្បីបង្កើតគ្រាប់បែកទឹកភ្លើង។
Solution: 1. ស្រែចាស់ដែលបានបង្កើតដោយដីនិងការជិតស្រែដើមស្រែក្រឡូតក្រោមនៅលើដីគឺជាផ្លែចំណែក។ (Sae chas del bongkaet dae der neng kar chit sae dom sae kralout kor ouy ler der ke chet pleav chamneak.) The yellow leaves created by the earth and the falling leaves on the ground are autumn fruits.
2. នៅពេលដើមកម្ពុជាយើងច្រើនកំប៉ុងខ្លាំងដើម្បីបង្កើតគ្រាប់បែកទឹកភ្លើង។ (Neak kong prateh kampuchea yerng kron kambong klang derb derm bey roksae dae ban der douy chea vithey lay.) During the freezing cold of Cambodia, we need a warm sweater to hug our coffee.
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Central Khmer vocabulary for the four seasons and twelve months. By understanding these words and expressions, you will be able to discuss weather conditions, plan activities, and appreciate the cultural significance of each season and month in Central Khmer-speaking regions. Keep practicing and incorporating these words into your conversations to enhance your language skills and connect with the local culture. In the next lesson, we will explore another exciting topic in Central Khmer. សូមអរគុណ! (Thank you!)
Sources[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Discussing Interests
- Fruits
- Family Members
- Common Foods
- Animals
- Colors
- Express Surprise
- Days of the Week
- Languages ភាសា
- Counting from 1 to 100
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