Difference between revisions of "Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Pronouns"

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<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Describing-Actions-and-States|Describing Actions and States]] & [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]].</span>  
<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Describing-Actions-and-States|Describing Actions and States]] & [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]].</span>  
== Personal Pronouns ==
== Personal Pronouns ==


Personal pronouns show who is speaking (first person), who is being spoken to (second person), and who is being spoken about (third person). In Central Khmer, personal pronouns change depending on the gender and the level of formality used. Let's look at some examples:
Personal pronouns in Central Khmer do not change based on gender but may vary with the level of formality and social hierarchy. Here's a corrected table of personal pronouns:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ខ្ញុំ (khnhom) || knyom || I/me
| ខ្ញុំ || khnhom || I/me
|-
| អ្នក (anak) || neak || you (singular)
|-
|-
| អ្វីដែល (avday) || avdai || he/him, she/her/it
| អ្នក || neak || you (singular/formal)
|-
|-
| យើង (yerng) || yuong || we/us (including the person addressed)
| គាត់ || keat || he/she/it (formal)
|-
|-
| អ្នកយើង (anak yerng) || neak yuong || you (plural, including the person addressed)
| យើង || yeung || we/us
|-
|-
| ពុំពេច (pom pheak) || pom peak || they/them (male/mixed gender)
| ពួកយើង || puok yeung || you (plural)
|-
|-
| ពុំមានខ្លះ (pom mean klae) || pom men klach || they/them (female)
| ពួកគាត់ || puok keat || they/them
|}
|}


<em>Dialogue:</em>
* Person 1: ខ្ញុំ ចង់ដឹកនាំអ្នក។ (Knhom jong doch neak.) (I want to guide you.)
* Person 2: អរគុណកូណាមិនឲ្យខ្ញុំបាន។ (Arakun kun mean yu knhom ban.) (Thank you, but I can't let you.)
As you can see, the personal pronoun "អ្នក (neak)" changes depending on the social status and relationship between speaker and listener. You can use it for both singular and plural, instead of "អ្នកសម្រាប់អ្នកយើង (neak somrab kang neak yuong)." This is useful when you're not sure whether to use formal or informal language.


== Possessive Pronouns ==
== Possessive Pronouns ==


Possessive pronouns indicate who owns something or has a relationship to something. They are often used to avoid repetition, but also to avoid ambiguity. The most common Central Khmer possessive pronouns are:
Possessive pronouns in Khmer follow the structure of personal pronouns with the addition of "របស់" (robos) to denote possession. Here's a corrected version:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ខ្ញុំ (khnhom) || knyom || my/mine
| របស់ខ្ញុំ || robos khnhom || my/mine
|-
|-
| របស់អ្នក (robos neak) || roba neak || your(s) (singular)
| របស់អ្នក || robos neak || your(s)
|-
|-
| របស់គាត់ (robos kat) || roba kat || his/hers/its
| របស់គាត់ || robos keat || his/hers/its
|-
|-
| របស់យើង (robos yerng) || roba yuong || our(s)
| របស់យើង || robos yeung || our(s)
|-
|-
| របស់អ្នកយើង (robos neak yerng) || roba neak yuong || your(s) (plural)
| របស់ពួកយើង || robos puok yeung || your(s) (plural)
|-
|-
| របស់ពុំពេច (robos pom peak) || roba pom peak || their(s) (male/mixed gender)
| របស់ពួកគាត់ || robos puok keat || their(s)
|-
| របស់ពុំមានខ្លះ (robos pom mean klae) || roba pom men klach || their(s) (female)
|}
|}


<em>Dialogue:</em>
* Person 1: ផ្ទះរបស់ខ្ញុំមានប្រអប់ឈ្មោះថ្មី។ (Pthas robos khnhom mean prabab chhom tmey.) (My house has a new room.)
* Person 2: ហេតុនេះរបស់យើងមិនបានមើលទេ។ (Heur ney, robos yuong men ban meul te.) (That's why we haven't seen it.)


== Reflexive Pronouns ==
== Reflexive Pronouns ==


Reflexive pronouns refer to the subject of a sentence and can be used to show actions that you do to yourself. In Central Khmer, reflexive pronouns use the word "ឯង (eang)" and are added to personal pronouns. Here are some examples:
Reflexive pronouns in Central Khmer are formed by adding "ខ្លួន" (kloun) to the respective personal pronoun, not "ឯង (eang)" as previously stated. Here's the corrected version:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ខ្ញុំឯង (khnhom eang) || knyom oong || myself
| ខ្ញុំខ្លួន || khnhom kloun || myself
|-
|-
| អ្នកឯង (anak eang) || neak oong || yourself (singular)
| អ្នកខ្លួន || neak kloun || yourself
|-
|-
| គាត់ឯង (kat eang) || kat oong || himself/herself/itself
| គាត់ខ្លួន || keat kloun || himself/herself/itself
|-
|-
| យើងឯង (yerng eang) || yuong oong || ourselves (including the person addressed)
| យើងខ្លួន || yeung kloun || ourselves
|-
|-
| អ្នកយើងឯង (anak yerng eang) || neak yuong oong || yourselves (plural, including the person addressed)
| ពួកយើងខ្លួន || puok yeung kloun || yourselves (plural)
|-
|-
| ពុំពេចឯង (pom pheak eang) || pom peak oong || themselves (male/mixed gender)
| ពួកគាត់ខ្លួន || puok keat kloun || themselves
|-
| ពុំមានខ្លះឯង (pom mean klae eang) || pom men klach oong || themselves (female)
|}
|}
<em>Dialogue:</em>
* Person 1: ខ្ញុំឯងចូលគ្រប់ប្រភេទបាន។ (Knhom oong chol kraporpert ban.) (I can adapt myself to any situation.)
* Person 2: តើអ្នកឯងអត់ធ្វើអំពើទេ? (Tov neak oong at tver ampuh te?) (Haven't you regretted it?)


== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
== Demonstrative Pronouns ==


Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out something or someone. They distinguish between what is near (this/these) and what is far (that/those). In Central Khmer, they use the words "នេះ (neyh)" and "នោះ (noh)" respectively. Here are some examples:
Demonstrative pronouns are correctly noted in the original lesson, but here's a slight clarification for better understanding:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| នេះ (neyh) || ney || this/these
| នេះ || nih || this/these
|-
| នោះ (noh) || noh || that/those
|-
| វាទៅនេះ (vathav neyh) || vathao ney || here
|-
| វាទៅនោះ (vathav noh) || vathao noh || there
|-
| នេះដល់អ្នកមានខ្លី។ (Neyh dol neak men kley.) || Ney dal neak men klai. || Give this to your sister.
|-
|-
| មានអ្វីដែលចង់លើស់នោះមែនទេ? (Men avday jong laos noh meun te?) || Men avdai jong les noh mean te? || Do you want anything on that side?
| នោះ || noh || that/those
|}
|}


== Indefinite Pronouns ==
== Indefinite Pronouns ==


Indefinite pronouns refer to people or things in general, without specifying who or what. They are often used when you don't know or don't need to know the identity of the subject. In Central Khmer, indefinite pronouns use the words "មិនមាន (men mean)" and "មាន (men)" for negative and positive forms respectively. Here are some examples:
The lesson on indefinite pronouns was somewhat misleading. Here's a simplified and corrected table:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| មិនមានអ្វីទេ (men mean avy te) || men mean avey te || Nothing/no one
| មនុស្សម្នាក
 
់ណាមួយ || monus menak na mouy || someone
|-
|-
| មានអ្វីគ្រប់គ្នា (men avey krapnae) || men avei krabnae || Anything/everything
| អ្វីមួយ || avei mouy || something
|-
|-
| មានម្នាស់មិនកូវហើយ (men mnas mean kou hey) || men mnas mean kou hey || Someone/maybe someone
| គ្រប់គ្នា || krob knie || everyone/everything
|}
|}


<em>Dialogue:</em>
* Person 1: តើលោកអាចជួយខ្ញុំអានទេ? (Dar lok ach joo-ee knyom baan te?) (Can you help me read this?)
* Person 2: ខ្ញុំមិនអាចជួយលោកនោះបានទេ។ (Knhom men aoch chea lok noh ban te.) (I can't help that person.)


== Interrogative Pronouns ==
== Interrogative Pronouns ==


Interrogative pronouns start questions and help us get information about people or things we don't know. They are often used to start a conversation or clarify something. In Central Khmer, interrogative pronouns use the word "អ្វី (avy)" for general questions and "តើ (tov)" for yes/no questions. Here are some examples:
Interrogative pronouns in Central Khmer include words for asking about people, things, places, and reasons. Here's a corrected and expanded list:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| អ្វី (avy) || avey || What?/Which?
| អ្វី || avei || What?
|-
|-
| នាង (neang) || neng || Who?
| នរណា || nor na || Who?
|-
|-
| តើ...ដែរឬទេ? (tov...daiy koch tey?) || tov...day arng tie? || Is...?
| តើ || tae || (used for forming questions, not a standalone pronoun)
|-
| ហេតុអ្វី || het avei || Why?
|}
|}


<em>Dialogue:</em>
 
* Person 1: អ្វីផ្សារមិនលឿនទេ? (Avey psar men l'uen te?) (What market isn't fast?)
* Person 2: សូមជួយខ្ញុំលោកស្រីនាងមានអ្វីបាន? (Somchou aoch knhom lok srey neang men avey baan?) (Can you help me, sir, what does that lady have?)


To improve your [[Language/Central-khmer|Central Khmer]] [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=25 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-khmer/question questions]!
To improve your [[Language/Central-khmer|Central Khmer]] [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=25 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-khmer/question questions]!

Revision as of 13:12, 16 February 2024

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Central Khmer Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Central Khmer learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about Central Khmer pronouns, which are words that replace nouns. They help us avoid repetition and make sentences sound more natural. Pronouns are used in daily conversation, writing, and formal speeches. They are essential in any language for fluent communication.


Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Describing Actions and States & How to Use Be.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns in Central Khmer do not change based on gender but may vary with the level of formality and social hierarchy. Here's a corrected table of personal pronouns:

Central Khmer Pronunciation English
ខ្ញុំ khnhom I/me
អ្នក neak you (singular/formal)
គាត់ keat he/she/it (formal)
យើង yeung we/us
ពួកយើង puok yeung you (plural)
ពួកគាត់ puok keat they/them


Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in Khmer follow the structure of personal pronouns with the addition of "របស់" (robos) to denote possession. Here's a corrected version:

Central Khmer Pronunciation English
របស់ខ្ញុំ robos khnhom my/mine
របស់អ្នក robos neak your(s)
របស់គាត់ robos keat his/hers/its
របស់យើង robos yeung our(s)
របស់ពួកយើង robos puok yeung your(s) (plural)
របស់ពួកគាត់ robos puok keat their(s)


Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns in Central Khmer are formed by adding "ខ្លួន" (kloun) to the respective personal pronoun, not "ឯង (eang)" as previously stated. Here's the corrected version:

Central Khmer Pronunciation English
ខ្ញុំខ្លួន khnhom kloun myself
អ្នកខ្លួន neak kloun yourself
គាត់ខ្លួន keat kloun himself/herself/itself
យើងខ្លួន yeung kloun ourselves
ពួកយើងខ្លួន puok yeung kloun yourselves (plural)
ពួកគាត់ខ្លួន puok keat kloun themselves

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns are correctly noted in the original lesson, but here's a slight clarification for better understanding:

Central Khmer Pronunciation English
នេះ nih this/these
នោះ noh that/those


Indefinite Pronouns

The lesson on indefinite pronouns was somewhat misleading. Here's a simplified and corrected table:

Central Khmer Pronunciation English
មនុស្សម្នាក

់ណាមួយ || monus menak na mouy || someone

អ្វីមួយ avei mouy something
គ្រប់គ្នា krob knie everyone/everything


Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns in Central Khmer include words for asking about people, things, places, and reasons. Here's a corrected and expanded list:

Central Khmer Pronunciation English
អ្វី avei What?
នរណា nor na Who?
តើ tae (used for forming questions, not a standalone pronoun)
ហេតុអ្វី het avei Why?


To improve your Central Khmer Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

Other Lessons


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