Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Possessive-Adjectives

◀️ Possessive Pronouns — Previous Lesson

Next Lesson — Rooms and Furniture ▶️

Central Pashto → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Possessive Adjectives

Welcome to today's lesson on possessive adjectives in Central Pashto! Understanding possessive adjectives is essential for building meaningful sentences and expressing relationships between people and things in the language. Possessive adjectives help us indicate ownership or association, which is a fundamental part of daily communication.

In this lesson, we will cover the following key areas:

• Introduction to Possessive Adjectives

• Forms of Possessive Adjectives

• Usage in Sentences

• Examples of Possessive Adjectives

• Practice Exercises

Let's dive in!

Introduction to Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives are words that modify nouns and demonstrate ownership. In Central Pashto, these adjectives vary depending on the subject of the sentence. This means that the form of the possessive adjective will change based on whether you are talking about yourself, someone else, or a group of people.

For instance, in English, we say "my book," "your book," and "his book." Similarly, in Central Pashto, we have specific words that correspond to each of these English phrases. Understanding how to use possessive adjectives is crucial because they allow you to express relationships clearly, making your communication more effective.

Forms of Possessive Adjectives

In Central Pashto, the possessive adjectives are structured as follows:

• First Person Singular (my): زما (zma)

• Second Person Singular (your): ستا (sta)

• Third Person Singular (his/her): د هغه (da hagha) / د هغې (da hage)

• First Person Plural (our): زموږ (zmoong)

• Second Person Plural (your): ستاسو (staso)

• Third Person Plural (their): د هغوی (da haghoy)

Here is a table summarizing these possessive adjectives:

Central Pashto	Pronunciation	English
زما	zma	my
ستا	sta	your (singular)
د هغه	da hagha	his
د هغې	da hage	her
زموږ	zmoong	our
ستاسو	staso	your (plural)
د هغوی	da haghoy	their

Usage in Sentences

Now that we know the forms of possessive adjectives, let’s see how they are used in sentences. In Central Pashto, the possessive adjective typically comes before the noun it modifies.

For example:

• My book: زما کتاب (zma kitab)

• Your pen: ستا قلم (sta qalam)

• His house: د هغه کور (da hagha kor)

• Her car: د هغې موټر (da hage motor)

• Our school: زموږ ښوونځی (zmoong khwanzai)

• Your (plural) friends: ستاسو ملګري (staso malgari)

• Their cats: د هغوی پیشوګانې (da haghoy peshogane)

Here is a table with additional examples:

Central Pashto	Pronunciation	English
زما کور	zma kor	my house
ستا کالي	sta kali	your clothes
د هغه کتاب	da hagha kitab	his book
د هغې خوری	da hage khori	her room
زموږ باغ	zmoong bagh	our garden
ستاسو موټر	staso motor	your car (plural)
د هغوی کتا	da haghoy kta	their dog
زما خور	zma khor	my sister
ستا ورور	sta waror	your brother
د هغه زوی	da hagha zoi	his son
د هغې لور	da hage lor	her daughter

Practice Exercises

To reinforce your understanding of possessive adjectives, let’s practice! Here are ten exercises designed to help you use what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjective.

1. _______ کتاب (my book)

2. _______ قلم (your pen)

3. _______ کور (his house)

4. _______ موټر (her car)

5. _______ ښوونځی (our school)

6. _______ ملګري (your friends, plural)

7. _______ کتا (their dog)

8. _______ خوری (my room)

9. _______ ورور (your brother)

10. _______ لور (his daughter)

Solutions:

1. زما

2. ستا

3. د هغه

4. د هغې

5. زموږ

6. ستاسو

7. د هغوی

8. زما

9. ستا

10. د هغه

Exercise 2: Translation

Translate the following sentences into Central Pashto.

1. My sister is happy.

2. Your (singular) dress is beautiful.

3. His parents are kind.

4. Our home is big.

5. Their shoes are new.

Solutions:

1. زما خور خوشحاله ده (zma khor khushala da).

2. ستا کالي ښکلي دي (sta kali khpale di).

3. د هغه مور او پلار مهربان دي (da hagha mor aw plar mehraban di).

4. زموږ کور لوی دی (zmoong kor loy di).

5. د هغوی بوټان نوي دي (da haghoy bootan naye di).

Exercise 3: Sentence Formation

Form sentences using the provided possessive adjectives.

1. زما (my) + کتاب (book)

2. ستا (your) + کالي (clothes)

3. د هغې (her) + لور (daughter)

4. د هغوی (their) + کتا (dog)

5. زموږ (our) + باغ (garden)

Solutions:

1. زما کتاب دی (zma kitab di).

2. ستا کالي ښکلي دي (sta kali khpale di).

3. د هغې لور ښوونده ده (da hage lor khwandah da).

4. د هغوی کتا پیشو دی (da haghoy kta peshow di).

5. زموږ باغ ډیر ښکلی دی (zmoong bagh der khpale di).

Exercise 4: Matching

Match the possessive adjectives with the correct nouns.

1. زما a. ملګري

2. ستا b. کور

3. زموږ c. کتا

4. د هغوی d. موټر

5. د هغې e. خوری

Solutions:

1. زما - b. کور

2. ستا - d. موټر

3. زموږ - a. ملګري

4. د هغوی - c. کتا

5. د هغې - e. خوری

Exercise 5: Question Formation

Create questions using the possessive adjectives.

1. _______ کتا دی؟ (Whose dog is this?)

2. _______ کور لرئ؟ (Whose house do you have?)

3. _______ کتاب دی؟ (Whose book is this?)

4. _______ موټر دی؟ (Whose car is this?)

5. _______ خوری دی؟ (Whose room is this?)

Solutions:

1. د چا کتا دی؟ (da cha kta di?)

2. د چا کور لرئ؟ (da cha kor lari?)

3. د چا کتاب دی؟ (da cha kitab di?)

4. د چا موټر دی؟ (da cha motor di?)

5. د چا خوری دی؟ (da cha khori di?)

Conclusion

Congratulations! You've made great progress in understanding possessive adjectives in Central Pashto. These small but vital words can transform your ability to communicate effectively about relationships and ownership. Remember to practice using these adjectives in your conversations, and don’t hesitate to revisit this lesson if you need a refresher.

Keep up the excellent work, and let’s continue our journey in mastering Central Pashto together!

Table of Contents - Central Pashto Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Personal Pronouns

• Subject Pronouns
• Object Pronouns

  ---

Numbers and Counting

• Numbers 1-10
• Numbers 11-20

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb
• Negation

  ---

Common Verbs

• Action Verbs
• State Verbs

  ---

Present Tense

• Present Simple
• Present Continuous

  ---

Food and Drink

• Common Foods
• Common Drinks

  ---

Questions

• Yes/No Questions
• Wh-Questions

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives

• Possessive Pronouns
• Possessive Adjectives

  ---

House and Home

• Rooms and Furniture
• Household Chores

  ---

Prepositions

• Common Prepositions
• Prepositions of Place

  ---

Hobbies and Activities

• Common Hobbies
• Sports

  ---

Past Tense

• Past Simple
• Past Continuous

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel Essentials

  ---

Pashtun Customs and Traditions

• Traditional Clothing
• Pashtun Cuisine

Other Lessons

• Object Pronouns
• Negation
• Adjectives
• Subject Object Verb
• 0 to A1 Course
• Personal pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns
• Past Continuous
• Future Tense

◀️ Possessive Pronouns — Previous Lesson

Next Lesson — Rooms and Furniture ▶️