Language/Hebrew/Vocabulary/Time-and-Calendar
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| ◀️ Weather — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Nouns ▶️ |
In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of time and the calendar in Hebrew. Understanding how to express and comprehend time is crucial for effective communication, whether you're scheduling a meeting, planning a trip, or simply conversing about daily routines. In Hebrew, time and calendar vocabulary is not just a set of words; it opens the door to cultural nuances and social interactions.
As complete beginners in Hebrew, this lesson will focus on three main areas:
- Days of the Week
- Months of the Year
- Telling Time
By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in these essential vocabulary items, enabling you to engage more confidently in conversations and to grasp the rhythm of life in Israel.
Days of the Week[edit | edit source]
Understanding the days of the week is fundamental to organizing your schedule and discussing plans. Here are the days of the week in Hebrew, along with their pronunciations and English translations:
| Hebrew | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| יום ראשון | yom rishon | Sunday |
| יום שני | yom sheni | Monday |
| יום שלישי | yom shlishi | Tuesday |
| יום רביעי | yom revi'i | Wednesday |
| יום חמישי | yom chamishi | Thursday |
| יום שישי | yom shishi | Friday |
| יום שבת | yom shabbat | Saturday |
In Hebrew, the word "יום" (yom) means "day". You'll notice that the days are numbered rather than named after gods or celestial bodies, reflecting a practical approach to timekeeping.
Here are some sentences to illustrate their use:
- היום יום ראשון. (Hayom yom rishon.) – Today is Sunday.
- מחר יום שלישי. (Machar yom shlishi.) – Tomorrow is Tuesday.
- אני נפגש עם חבר שלי ביום חמישי. (Ani nifgash im chaver sheli beyom chamishi.) – I am meeting my friend on Thursday.
You can also ask about the day:
- איזה יום היום? (Eize yom hayom?) – What day is it today?
Months of the Year[edit | edit source]
Next, let’s dive into the months of the year. This vocabulary is essential for discussing events, birthdays, holidays, and more.
| Hebrew | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ינואר | yanvar | January |
| פברואר | fevruar | February |
| מרץ | marts | March |
| אפריל | avril | April |
| מאי | mai | May |
| יוני | yuni | June |
| יולי | yuli | July |
| אוגוסט | ogust | August |
| ספטמבר | september | September |
| אוקטובר | oktobar | October |
| נובמבר | november | November |
| דצמבר | detsember | December |
Here are some sentences to illustrate their use:
- החג שלי הוא בחודש יולי. (Ha-chag sheli hu be-chodesh yuli.) – My holiday is in July.
- אני נולדתי באוקטובר. (Ani noladeti be-oktobar.) – I was born in October.
- מה החודש הבא? (Ma ha-chodesh haba?) – What is the next month?
Telling Time[edit | edit source]
Now, let’s learn how to tell time in Hebrew. This skill is vital for day-to-day interactions, from casual conversations to formal appointments.
== Basic Time Vocabulary
- שעה (sha'a) – Hour
- דקה (daka) – Minute
- שנייה (shniya) – Second
== Telling Time
In Hebrew, the structure for telling time is straightforward. You generally say the hour first and then the minutes.
Examples:
- שעה אחת (sha'a achat) – One o'clock
- שעה שתיים (sha'a shtayim) – Two o'clock
- שעה שלוש וחצי (sha'a shalosh ve-chetzi) – Three thirty
- שעה ארבע עשרה (sha'a arba esre) – Fourteen o'clock (2 PM)
To ask for the time, you can say:
- מה השעה? (Ma ha-sha'a?) – What time is it?
== Examples of Telling Time
Here are some structured examples showcasing how to express time:
| Hebrew | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| אחת וחצי | achat ve-chetzi | One thirty |
| שתיים ורבע | shtayim u-reva | Two fifteen |
| שלוש ושתיים | shalosh u-shteim | Three two (3:02) |
| חמש ורבע | chamesh u-reva | Five fifteen |
| שש וחצי | shesh ve-chetzi | Six thirty |
| שבע עשרה | sheva esre | Seventeen o'clock (5 PM) |
| עשר בבוקר | eser ba-boker | Ten in the morning |
| שלוש בלילה | shalosh ba-layla | Three at night |
Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]
Now that we've covered the vocabulary, it's time to apply what you've learned. Here are some exercises to reinforce your understanding.
Exercise 1: Days of the Week[edit | edit source]
Translate the following sentences into Hebrew:
1. Today is Thursday.
2. Tomorrow is Saturday.
3. I have a meeting on Tuesday.
Solutions:
1. היום יום חמישי. (Hayom yom chamishi.)
2. מחר יום שבת. (Machar yom shabbat.)
3. יש לי פגישה ביום שלישי. (Yesh li pgisha beyom shlishi.)
Exercise 2: Months of the Year[edit | edit source]
Translate the following sentences into Hebrew:
1. My birthday is in May.
2. The festival is in December.
3. What month is it now?
Solutions:
1. יום ההולדת שלי הוא במאי. (Yom ha-huledet sheli hu be-mai.)
2. הפסטיבל הוא בדצמבר. (Ha-festival hu be-detsember.)
3. איזה חודש עכשיו? (Eize chodesh achshav?)
Exercise 3: Telling Time[edit | edit source]
Translate the following sentences into Hebrew:
1. What time is it?
2. It is five o'clock.
3. It is two thirty.
Solutions:
1. מה השעה? (Ma ha-sha'a?)
2. השעה חמש. (Ha-sha'a chamesh.)
3. השעה שתיים וחצי. (Ha-sha'a shtayim ve-chetzi.)
Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]
Complete the sentences with the appropriate day or month:
1. היום _________ (day).
2. _________ (month) הוא החודש הבא.
Solutions:
1. היום יום ראשון. (Hayom yom rishon.)
2. ינואר הוא החודש הבא. (Yanvar hu ha-chodesh haba.)
Exercise 5: Matching[edit | edit source]
Match the Hebrew days with their English counterparts:
1. יום רביעי
2. יום שבת
3. יום שני
Solutions:
1. Wednesday
2. Saturday
3. Monday
Exercise 6: Multiple Choice[edit | edit source]
What is the Hebrew word for "Friday"?
A) יום חמישי
B) יום שישי
C) יום רביעי
Solution: B) יום שישי (yom shishi)
Exercise 7: Asking and Answering[edit | edit source]
Practice asking the time in Hebrew and provide a response using the following:
1. What time is it?
2. It is three fifteen.
Solution:
1. מה השעה? (Ma ha-sha'a?)
2. השעה שלוש ורבע. (Ha-sha'a shalosh u-reva.)
Exercise 8: Sentence Construction[edit | edit source]
Construct sentences using the following prompts:
1. What day is today?
2. I have a class on Monday.
Solutions:
1. איזה יום היום? (Eize yom hayom?)
2. יש לי שיעור ביום שני. (Yesh li shiur beyom sheni.)
Exercise 9: Translation Challenge[edit | edit source]
Translate the following sentence to Hebrew: "I was born in April."
Solution:
נולדתי באפריל. (Noladeti be-avril.)
Exercise 10: Time Conversion[edit | edit source]
Convert the following times to Hebrew:
1. 6:45
2. 12:30
Solutions:
1. השעה שש וארבעים וחמש. (Ha-sha'a shesh ve-arba'im ve-chamesh.)
2. השעה שתיים עשרה וחצי. (Ha-sha'a shteim esre ve-chetzi.)
In this lesson, we covered essential vocabulary related to time and the calendar in Hebrew. By familiarizing yourself with the days of the week, months of the year, and how to tell time, you have taken a significant step toward building your conversational skills in Hebrew. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be able to engage in discussions about your plans and daily activities in Hebrew with ease!
Sources[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
| ◀️ Weather — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Nouns ▶️ |