Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Past-Tense/fi
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Past Tense in Indonesian
The past tense is an important concept in Indonesian grammar. In this lesson, you will learn how to use the past tense in Indonesian. Specifically, you will learn four different words that are used to indicate the past tense: sudah, belum, pernah, and dulu.
Sudah
The word "sudah" is used to indicate that an action has already been completed in the past. For example:
| Indonesian | Pronunciation | Finnish |
|---|---|---|
| Saya sudah makan | sah-yah soo-dah mah-kahn | Olen jo syönyt |
| Dia sudah pergi | dee-ah soo-dah per-gee | Hän on jo lähtenyt |
In both of these examples, "sudah" is used to indicate that the action has already been completed.
Belum
The word "belum" is used to indicate that an action has not yet been completed in the past. For example:
| Indonesian | Pronunciation | Finnish |
|---|---|---|
| Saya belum makan | sah-yah be-luhm mah-kahn | En ole vielä syönyt |
| Dia belum pergi | dee-ah be-luhm per-gee | Hän ei ole vielä lähtenyt |
In both of these examples, "belum" is used to indicate that the action has not yet been completed.
Pernah
The word "pernah" is used to indicate that an action has been done at least once in the past. For example:
| Indonesian | Pronunciation | Finnish |
|---|---|---|
| Saya pernah makan sushi | sah-yah per-nah mah-kahn soo-shee | Olen syönyt sushia vähintään kerran |
| Dia pernah tinggal di Jepang | dee-ah per-nah ting-gahl dee ye-pahng | Hän on asunut Japanissa vähintään kerran |
In both of these examples, "pernah" is used to indicate that the action has been done at least once in the past.
Dulu
The word "dulu" is used to indicate that an action took place in the past, but not necessarily that it has been completed. For example:
| Indonesian | Pronunciation | Finnish |
|---|---|---|
| Dulu, saya sering makan di restoran ini | doo-loo, sah-yah sehr-ing mah-kahn dee re-stor-ahn ee-nee | Aiemmin söin usein tässä ravintolassa |
| Dia dulu pernah belajar bahasa Indonesia | dee-ah doo-loo per-nah beh-lah-jahr bah-hah-sah een-doh-nee-see-ah | Hän opiskeli Indonesian kieltä aikaisemmin |
In both of these examples, "dulu" is used to indicate that the action took place in the past, but not necessarily that it has been completed.
Summary
In this lesson, you have learned four different words that are used to indicate the past tense in Indonesian: sudah, belum, pernah, and dulu. Remember that "sudah" indicates that an action has already been completed, "belum" indicates that an action has not yet been completed, "pernah" indicates that an action has been done at least once, and "dulu" indicates that an action took place in the past, but not necessarily that it has been completed.