Language/Tajik/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-20
Introduction
Welcome to the Tajik language course! In our previous lessons, we learned about the Tajik alphabet, vowels and consonants, basic sentence structure, greetings and introductions, and negation in sentences. In this lesson, we will focus on Tajik numbers 1-20 and time. You will learn how to count and tell time in Tajik, and practice using these new vocabulary words in various contexts.
Learning Tajik numbers is essential for communication in many situations, such as shopping, asking for prices and quantities, telling time, and expressing ages. Additionally, learning about Tajik time will help you to make plans, schedule appointments, and meet deadlines.
Like many other languages, Tajik numbers have their own specific words, sounds, and rules. Fortunately, the Tajik number system is straightforward and easy to learn. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to count from 1 to 20, tell time, and use Tajik numbers with confidence.
Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Basic Greetings & At the Post Office.
Tajik Numbers 1-20
Cardinal Numbers
Cardinal numbers are used to count objects, people, animals, and things. In Tajik, we use cardinal numbers to express quantity and order. Tajik numbers from 1 to 20 are:
Tajik | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
1 | як | one |
2 | ду | two |
3 | се | three |
4 | чор | four |
5 | панҷ | five |
6 | шаш | six |
7 | ҳафт | seven |
8 | ҳашт | eight |
9 | нӯҳ | nine |
10 | даҳ | ten |
11 | ёздаҳ | eleven |
12 | доҳдаҳ | twelve |
13 | сеҳдаҳ | thirteen |
14 | чордаҳ | fourteen |
15 | понздаҳ | fifteen |
16 | шонздаҳ | sixteen |
17 | ҳабдаҳ | seventeen |
18 | ҳаждаҳ | eighteen |
19 | нуздаҳ | nineteen |
20 | бист | twenty |
As you can see from the table, Tajik numbers have specific names and pronunciations. In Tajik, the numbers 11 to 19 are formed by adding the suffix "-даҳ" to the corresponding unit, except for 11 and 12, which have distinct names. Tajik uses a base-20 counting system, which means that 20 is a separate number and not a combination of two digits.
Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers are used to indicate position or order, such as first, second, third, etc. In Tajik, ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-ом" to the corresponding cardinal number. For example:
- 1st - яком (Yakom)
- 2nd - доом (Doom)
- 3rd - сом (Som)
- 4th - чором (Chorom)
- 5th - панҷом (Panjom)
- 6th - шашом (Shashom)
- 7th - ҳафтом (Haftom)
- 8th - ҳаштом (Hashtom)
- 9th - нӯҳом (Nuhom)
- 10th - даҳом (Dahom)
Ordinal numbers are often used to express dates, such as January 1st, February 2nd, etc.
Using Tajik Numbers
Counting Objects and People
To count objects and people in Tajik, use the cardinal numbers. For example:
- як китоб - one book
- ду дӯст - two friends
- се мешҳурӣ - three famous people
- чор мӯш - four mice
- панҷ мебел - five furniture pieces
- шаш калем - six pencils
- ҳафт дарс - seven classes
- ҳашт москва - eight moscows
- нӯҳ чипта - nine envelopes
- даҳ овоз - ten voices
Age and Years
To express age and years in Tajik, we use the noun "сол" (sol), which means "year". We also use the genitive case after the number to indicate possession. For example:
- ман панҷ солаи зистро будам. (Man panj sala'i zistro budam) - I was five years old.
- ду соли манзорет гузашт. (Du soli manzoret guzasht) - Two years passed since your visit.
- соли 2022 (Soli 2022) - year 2022
Telephone Numbers
To express telephone numbers in Tajik, we read each digit separately. For example:
- манзили ман ҳашт сад ва ҳафтаду се як сад ва шест масиранд. (Manzili man ҳasht sad va haftaddu se yak sad va shesh masirand) - My address is 87-71-16.
Prices and Currency
To express prices and currency in Tajik, we use the noun "сомонӣ" (somonii), which means "Tajikistan currency". We also use the plural form of the noun to indicate amounts higher than one. For example:
- ман як сомонӣ додаам. (Man yak somonii dodam) - I gave one somoni.
- ин қадами сув охшаш ҷуъ (In qadami suv oxford ju) - This bottle of water costs ten somoni.
- ман панҷ сомонӣ дорам. (Man panj somonii doram) - I have five somoni.
Tajik Time
Telling Time
In Tajik, we use the 24-hour clock to tell time. To ask for the time, we use the phrase "чанд соат ҳаст?" (chand soat hast?), which means "what time is it?". To answer, we use the following structure:
Full Hours
The full hours are expressed by the cardinal numbers from 0 to 20, followed by the word "соат" (soat), which means "hour". For example:
- се соат (se soat) - three o'clock
- чор соат (chor soat) - four o'clock
- даҳ соат (dah soat) - ten o'clock
- ҳашт соат (hasht soat) - eight o'clock
Minutes
To express minutes, we use the cardinal numbers from 1 to 59, followed by the word "дақиқа" (daqiqai), which means "minute". Minutes are always expressed in the plural form, even if the number is one. For example:
- се дақиқа (se daqiqai) - three minutes
- чор дақиқа (chor daqiqai) - four minutes
- ҳашт дақиқа (hasht daqiqai) - eight minutes
Note that Tajik uses a base-60 counting system for minutes and seconds, so after 59 we restart at 1.
Half and Quarter Hours
To express half and quarter hours, we use the following words:
- ним соат (nim soat) - half past
- чаҳор соат (chahor soat) - quarter past
- сӣ соат (sii soat) - quarter to
For example:
- се дақиқа ним соат (se daqiqai nim soat) - half past three
- ду дақиқа чаҳор соат (du daqiqai chahor soat) - quarter past two
- панҷ дақиқа сӣ соат (panj daqiqai sii soat) - quarter to six
Asking for the Time
To ask for the time, use the phrase "чанд соат ҳаст?" (chand soat hast?).
Answering Time
To answer, use the following structure:
- "соат" (soat) - hour
- "дақиқа" (daqiqai) - minute
- "ним" (nim), "чаҳор" (chahor), or "сӣ" (sii) - half or quarter
For example:
- се соат дақиқа ним (se soat daqiqai nim) - three thirty
- чор соат панҷ дақиқа (chor soat panj daqiqai) - four five
- даҳ дӯ хвӯрӣ (dah du khvurii) - ten past two
- ҳашт соат сӣ дақиқа (hasht soat sii daqiqai) - seven forty-five
Conclusion
Congratulations! You have successfully learned the Tajik numbers from 1 to 20 and Tajik time. Practice using these new vocabulary words in various contexts, such as counting objects and people, expressing age and years, telling time, and giving prices and currency. Remember to pay attention to pronunciation and intonation, as Tajik numbers and time rely heavily on sound and stress.
In the next lesson, we will learn about Tajik nouns and pronouns.
Videos
How to say numbers in Tajik (Part 1) | Рақамҳо - YouTube