Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Present-Tense-Verbs
As a Halh Mongolian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I am thrilled to share with you the present tense verb lesson. This lesson is designed for learners who are complete beginners and want to grasp the basics of Halh Mongolian. In this lesson, we will explore present tense verbs in Halh Mongolian, including the conjugation of regular and irregular verbs.
After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: Pronouns & Declensions.
Introduction to Present Tense Verbs
Present tense is used to describe actions that are currently taking place. It can also be used to express habitual and continuous actions. Unlike other languages, Halh Mongolian doesn't have a present continuous tense. Instead, it uses the present simple tense to describe ongoing actions.
Conjugation of Regular Verbs
Regular verbs in Halh Mongolian follow a standard conjugation pattern for present tense. To form the present tense of a regular verb, the stem is taken and the appropriate present tense marker is added according to the subject pronouns. The following table illustrates the conjugation of regular verbs in present tense:
| Pronoun | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I | -ээр | бич-ээр (write) |
| You (singular) | -с | бич-с (write) |
| He/She/It | -эд | бич-эд (write) |
| We | -ч | бич-ч (write) |
| You (plural) | -ээд | бич-ээд (write) |
| They | -н | бич-н (write) |
Let's have a look at some examples:
- Би сургуульд сурах (I study at school)
- Та дугуйн хайрда хоногийн 7 өдрийн турш ажиллах ёстой (You have to work for 7 days a week)
- Тэр амьдралд тусална (She helps people in life)
Conjugation of Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs in Halh Mongolian have their own conjugation rules, and they don't follow the standard pattern. It is important to memorize the different conjugations of these verbs. Here are some examples:
- Бол- (to be):
| Pronoun | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I | байна | байна (I am) |
| You (singular) | байна | байна (You are) |
| He/She/It | байна | байна (He/She/It is) |
| We | байнаа | байнаа (We are) |
| You (plural) | байнаа | байнаа (You are) |
| They | байна | байна (They are) |
- Хий- (to do):
| Pronoun | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I | -д | хийд (I do) |
| You (singular) | -д | хийд (You do) |
| He/She/It | -д | хийд (He/She/It does) |
| We | -ж | хийж (We do) |
| You (plural) | -ж | хийж (You do) |
| They | -д | хийд (They do) |
Examples of Present Tense Verbs in Context
Let's look at some examples of present tense verbs used in sentences:
- Би сонирхолтой (I am curious)
- Та баяртай (You are happy)
- Тэр хөлийн өртөө дамждаг (He/She is walking in the park)
- Бид тусламж авахаар зөвшөөрөв (We agree to receive help)
- Танд ямар асуулт байна вэ? (What question do you have?)
- Тэд гэр бүлтэй харьяа явдаг (They hike with their family)
Conclusion
Learning present tense verbs is crucial in mastering the basics of Halh Mongolian. In this lesson, we covered the conjugation of regular and irregular verbs, and provided examples of present tense verbs used in context. Practice, memorize and use them in your daily conversations to build your proficiency and understanding of the language.
Upon wrapping up this lesson, take a look at these related pages: Conditional Verbs & Personal Pronouns.
Other Lessons
- Conditional Verbs
- Personal pronouns
- Future Tense Verbs
- Nouns
- 0 to A1 Course
- Pronouns
- Past Tense Verbs
- How to Use Be
- Causative Verbs
- Give your Opinion