Language/Ukrainian/Vocabulary/Legal-System
As a complete beginner in Ukrainian language, it is essential to start with basic vocabulary and grammar structures. Once you have a good foundation, you can progress to more advanced topics such as the legal system. This lesson will cover the necessary legal terminology and concepts to help you navigate the Ukrainian legal system and enhance your Ukrainian-language proficiency.
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Legal System in Ukraine
Ukraine's legal system is based on Civil Law, which is a legal system inspired by Roman law. Ukraine has a dual court system that consists of the Common Courts and the Specialized Courts. The Common Courts deal with general jurisdiction and comprise the Local Courts, the Courts of Appeal, and the Supreme Court of Ukraine. The Specialized Courts, on the other hand, deal with specific areas such as commercial, administrative, constitutional, and criminal matters.
Ukrainian Legal Vocabulary
Learning Ukrainian legal terminology is essential for anyone seeking to understand the Ukrainian legal system. Below is a list of Ukrainian legal terms that you should be familiar with:
| Ukrainian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| суд | sud | court |
| прокурор | prokuror | prosecutor |
| скаржити | skarzhyty | appeal |
| позов | pozov | claim |
| свідок | svidok | witness |
| потерпілий | poterpilyy | victim |
Other legal terminology that might be useful includes:
- Право (pravo) - law
- Закон (zakon) - statute or law
- Суддя (suddya) - judge
- Рішення (rishennya) - decision
The legal system is complex and may include many more terms than those listed here, but these terms will give you a solid foundation to build on.
Ukrainian Courts
Each of Ukraine's court systems is responsible for different aspects of the law. Understanding the responsibilities of each system will help you navigate the legal system more effectively.
Common Courts
Common Courts, also known as General Courts, are responsible for general jurisdiction. The following are the three types of Common Courts:
- Local Courts - Responsible for claims under UAH 960,000 (~USD 34,500), and misdemeanors
- Courts of Appeal - Have jurisdiction over the appellate review of the verdicts and decisions of Local Courts
- Supreme Court of Ukraine - The highest judicial body in the country, serves as the court of last resort
Specialized Courts
Specialized Courts deal with specific areas of the law. Below are the different categories of Specialized Courts:
- Commercial Courts - Deals with commercial disputes
- Administrative Courts - Hears disputes relating to public law matters
- Constitutional Court - Protects the Constitution of Ukraine and resolves constitutional disputes
- Supreme Court of Ukraine - Hears criminal cases (as well as serving as the court of last resort for other cases)
Conclusion
In conclusion, legal terminology is essential for anyone seeking to understand the Ukrainian legal system. This lesson has introduced some key legal terms and concepts that will help you to navigate Ukrainian courts and legal documents. Remember to practice using these terms and concepts to improve your Ukrainian-language proficiency.
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