Language/Tajik/Grammar/Using-Prepositions
Introduction
In Tajik language, prepositions are used to express time, location, direction, and manner. Prepositions are essential in constructing grammatically correct sentences. In this lesson, we will learn the most common prepositions in Tajik and how to use them in forming sentences.
Basic Prepositions
Here are the most common prepositions in Tajik:
| Tajik | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| ба | ba | to, at |
| бар | bar | on, upon, over, about, concerning |
| бе | be | without, except |
| дар | dar | in, at, on, during |
| до | do | until, up to, as far as, before, prior to |
| зи | zi | from, out of, of, off, since |
| рӯй | ruy | with, by means of, via |
| ту | tu | to, towards, on, at, in |
Using Prepositions in Context
To understand how to use prepositions in context, let's look at some examples:
- Ман ба хона меравам. (Man ba khona meravam.) - I am going home. (To, at)
- Китоби ман бар миз бурдааст. (Kitobi man bar miz burdaast.) - My book is on the table. (On, upon)
- Ман бо духтарам мешавам. (Man bo dukhtaram meshavam.) - I am with my daughter. (With)
- Онҳо бе пардагӣ мешаванд. (Onho be pardagi meshavand.) - They are without curtains. (Without, except)
- Шаб чанд минутаи пеш аз ҳавопайка дар оёҳ мондааст? (Shab chand minutai pesh az havopayka dar oyoh mondaast?) - How many minutes before the airplane landed at the airport? (In, at, on, during)
- Дар соли 2021 ман ба Тоҷикистон мерасам. (Dar soli 2021 man ba Tojikiston merasam.) - In 2021, I visited Tajikistan. (In, at, on, during)
- Ман зи дарсхона як китоб харидаам. (Man zi darshona yak kitob haridaam.) - I bought a book from the bookstore. (From)
- Онҳо ту шахр расиданд. (Onho tu shahr rasidand.) - They arrived in the city. (To, towards, on, at, in)
Prepositions with Verbs
In Tajik, prepositions are commonly used with verbs to express more precise meanings. Here are some examples:
- бозорро дидан (bozorro didan) - to see the market
- ба ин фикру он ордакунед (ba in fikru on ordakuned) - to immerse in this thought
- барои зиндагӣ ҷаноб додан (baroi zindagi janob dodan) - to sacrifice for life
- тирегаро вақт гузарондан (tiregaro vaqt guzaronadan) - to spend time with friends
- мехӯранро хона ба хона навидан (mexuranro khona ba khona navidan) - to move friends from one house to another
Prepositions with Nouns
Prepositions are also used with nouns to express more precise meanings. Here are some examples:
- бағдорошт (baqdorosht) - from the garden
- дарёи нав (daryoi nav) - in the river
- такъистирошт (tak'istorosht) - in a state of confusion
- зериҳар (zerihar) - because of, due to
- боғз (boqz) - without food, hungry
Using Prepositions in Questions
Prepositions are also used in questions to express location, direction, and manner. Here are some examples:
- Куҷо меравӣ? (Kujo meravii?) - Where are you going? (Where, to)
- Чӣ роҳи рафтан меравӣ? (Chi rohi raftan meravii?) - Which way are you going? (Which, way, to)
- Чимкаҳ меравӣ? (Chimkah meravii?) - Where are you heading? (Where, to)
- Бо ким миянгеранд? (Bo kim miyangarand?) - With whom are they communicating? (With, whom)
Conclusion
Prepositions are essential in constructing grammatically correct sentences in Tajik language. In this lesson, we have learned the most common prepositions in Tajik and how to use them in forming sentences. Prepositions are also used in questions to express location, direction, and manner. Next, we will learn about conjunctions and how to use them to connect words and phrases in sentences.