Language/Vietnamese/Grammar/Modal-Verbs
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Modal verbs in Vietnamese are used to express ability, permission, advice, obligation, and future possibility. They are closely related to auxiliary verbs in English. In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use modal verbs in Vietnamese.
Modal Verbs
The following modal verbs are commonly used in Vietnamese:
| Vietnamese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| được | [zɨ̞ʔ] | can, be able to |
| cần | [kanˀ] | need to, have to |
| nên | [nə̌n] | should, ought to |
| phải | [faːj] | must, have to |
Forming Modal Verbs
Modal verbs in Vietnamese are formed by placing the modal verb before the main verb in a sentence. Unlike in English, where auxiliary verbs change form to reflect tense, modal verbs in Vietnamese do not change form based on tense. Here are some examples:
- Tôi được ăn cơm sớm. (I can eat breakfast early.)
- Anh cần đi đến trường. (He needs to go to school.)
- Chúng ta nên học tiếng Việt. (We should learn Vietnamese.)
- Em phải về nhà sớm. (You must go home early.)
Using Modal Verbs
In Vietnamese, modal verbs are used to express different meanings, depending on the context. Some of the most common uses of modal verbs are:
- Được is used to express ability or permission. It is often used to express physical ability.
* Anh ấy được đánh bóng giày rất đẹp. (He can shine shoes very nicely.) * Tôi được đi du lịch vào mùa hè. (I can travel in the summer.)
- Cần is used to express necessity or obligation. It is often used to express an urgent need.
* Trẻ con cần được chăm sóc đúng cách. (Children need to be taken care of properly.) * Tôi cần hoàn tất công việc trong ngày hôm nay. (I need to finish work today.)
- Nên is used to express advice or recommendation. It is often used when giving suggestions.
* Bạn nên đến sớm để tìm chỗ ngồi tốt. (You should arrive early to find a good seat.) * Tôi nghĩ bạn nên học thêm môn ngoại ngữ. (I think you should study another language.)
- Phải is used to express obligation or duty. It is often used to express a requirement or rule.
* Chúng ta phải giữ vệ sinh nơi công cộng. (We must keep public places clean.) * Nhân viên phải làm việc đúng giờ. (Employees must work on time.)
Negation
To make a negative sentence using modal verbs in Vietnamese, put "không" before the modal verb, as shown in the examples below:
- Tôi không được ăn thịt. (I can't eat meat.)
- Anh không cần mua quà cho tôi. (He doesn't need to buy me a gift.)
- Chúng ta không nên quên mang theo đồ dùng cá nhân. (We shouldn't forget to bring personal items.)
- Em không phải đi họp chiều nay. (You don't have to attend the meeting this afternoon.)
Conclusion
Modal verbs are an important part of Vietnamese grammar. By learning how to use them, you can communicate effectively and express your ideas clearly. Practice using modal verbs in your own sentences to become more confident in your Vietnamese language skills.
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