Language/Polish/Grammar/Present-Tense
Hi Polish Learners! 😃
➡ In today's lesson we will learn How to construct the PRESENT TENSE in Polish.
Happy learning!
Introduction
The present tense exists only in the imperfective aspect in Polish, as an action will always be in the process of being completed in the present.
If you were to conjugate a verb in the present tense using the perfective form, you get the future tense, which can be found here:
Language/Polish/Grammar/Future-Tense.
Examples
1st Sing (Ja) | 2nd Sing (Ty) | 3rd Sing (On, Ona, Ono, Pan, Pani) | 1st Plural (My) | 2nd Plural (Wy) | 3rd Plural (Oni, One, Panie, Panowie) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Robić | Robię | Robisz | Robi | Robimy | Robicie | Robią |
Powtarzać | Powtarzam | Powtarzasz | Powtarza | Powtarzamy | Powtarzacie | Powtarzają |
Próbować | Próbuję | Próbujesz | Próbuje | Próbujemy | Próbujecie | Próbują |
How does it work?
First we have the subject, but it isn't necessary.
Then we have some verb (like in the table above) and then rest of the sentence.
subject (ja/ty/on/ona/ono/my/wy/oni) + verb + rest of the sentence (where, why, how etc.)
For example:
- Ja robię obiad or Robię obiad
I'm making a dinner now.
== 1st Group: -ę, -esz: ==
The first conjugation is followed by:
- les verbes en - c ( bake , run , guard ),
- verbs in consonant + ć ( nieść , wieźć ),
- verbs in - ować ( rysować , rachować ): in this case the suffix becomes - uj ( rys uj ę ).
- les verbes en - rte d ( blow , heave )
- les verbes en - ić , - live , - uć monosyllabiques ou composés sur des monosyllabiques ( drink , live , live , spit )
- certains verbes en - ay et en - DK ( write , want ).
Present from the first group | |||
to take | write | catch | |
1S | i take | I'm writing | I get it |
2S | take | you write | you catch |
3S | takes | writes | catches |
1P | we take | we write | we catch |
2P | you take | you write | you get it |
3P | they take | they write | they catch |
2nd groupe: -ę, -isz
The second conjugation includes:
- les verbes en - ll of - YC dissyllabiques ( talk , dance )
- certains verbes en - ay et en - DK ( sleep , see ).
Present from the second group | ||
to talk | to lie | |
1S | i say | I'm lying |
2S | you say | you are lying |
3S | says | lies |
1P | we say | we lie |
2P | you say | you are lying |
3P | they say | they lie |
.
3rd group: -am, -asz
The third conjugation concerns certain verbs in - ać and in - eć ( słuchać , rozumieć ).
Present from the third group | |||
to listen | to have | understand | |
1S | I'm listening | I have | I understand |
2S | you listen | you have | you understand |
3S | listen | my | understands |
1P | we listen | we have | we understand |
2P | you listen | you have | you understand |
3P | are listening | have | they understand |
== 4th group: -em, -esz ==
to understand
- I understand
- you understand
- he / she / it understands
- we understand
- you understand
- they / they understand
know - can
- I can
- you can
- he / she / it can
- we know how
- you know
- they / they know
The verb "to be" - być
To be | |
to be | |
1S | I am |
2S | you are |
3S | is |
1P | we're |
2P | you are |
3P | there are |
Other examples
ENGLISH | POLISH |
Love | |
I love | Já kocham |
You love | Ty kochasz |
He loves | On kocha |
We love | My kochamy |
You love | Wy kochacie |
They love | Oni kochają |
Speak | |
I speak | Já mówię |
You speak | Ty mówisz |
He speaks | On mówi |
We speak | My mówimy |
You speak | Wy mówicie |
They speak | Oni mówią |
Sleep | |
I sleep | Já śpię |
You sleep | Ty śpisz |
He sleeps | On śpi |
We sleep | My śpimy |
You sleep | Wy śpicie |
They sleep | Oni śpią |
Eat | |
I eat | Já jem |
You eat | Ty jesz |
He eats | On je |
We eat | My jemy |
You eat | Wy jecie |
They eat | Oni jedzą |