Language/Icelandic/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation
The Icelandic alphabet consists of 32 letters. There are also three letters used for foreign words, and one obsolete letter. Icelandic uses the latin alphabet, which is the same as the English alphabet and most Western European languages. There are some letters that are not found in English, and even some letters that only Icelandic uses.
Below are tables of the Icelandic alphabet and its pronunciation. (To listen to it go here: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Is-Icelandic_alphabet.oga)
Alphabet
| Upper case | Lower case | Name |
| A | a | a |
| Á | á | á |
| B | b | bé |
| D | d | dé |
| Ð | ð | eð |
| E | e | e |
| É | é | é |
| F | f | eff |
| G | g | gé |
| H | h | há |
| I | i | i |
| Í | í | í |
| J | j | joð |
| K | k | ká |
| L | l | ell |
| M | m | emm |
| N | n | enn |
| O | o | o |
| Ó | ó | ó |
| P | p | pé |
| R | r | err |
| S | s | ess |
| T | t | té |
| U | u | u |
| Ú | ú | ú |
| V | v | vaff |
| X | x | ex |
| Y | y | ypsilon y |
| Ý | ý | ypsilon ý |
| Þ | þ | þorn |
| Æ | æ | æ |
| Ö | ö | ö |
Letters C, Q, and W
Letters C, Q, and W are not part of the Icelandic alphabet, but are used in foreign words:
| Upper case | Lower case | Name |
| C | c | sé |
| Q | q | kú |
| W | w | tvöfalt vaff |
The final letter, Z,
The final letter, Z, is no longer used in Icelandic as of 1973. However, it is used only in very rare cases preserved in historic names of structures, organizations, and the like, such as Verzló (a school in Reykjavík).
| Upper case | Lower case | Name |
| Z | z | seta |
And of course, letters C, Q, and W are used more often than letter Z is.
How the letters are pronounced (in English)
| Letter | Explanation |
| A | is like "a" in "bar", "tar" and "car" |
| Á | is like "ou" in "house", "about" and "shout" |
| B | same as English P, but without the puff of air, as in "spit" |
| D | same as English T, but without the puff of air, as in "stick" |
| Ð | is like "th" in "feather", "father" and "that", but as the last letter of a word it is like "th" in "thin". |
| E | same as in English except that it's always short, like in "bed" and "end" |
| É | same as English "yay" |
| F | same as in English "from"; like "p" in "hip" before n |
| G | like "k" in "wick" at the beginning of a word or between a vowel and -l, -n; /ɣ/ after vowels, before a, u, ð, r, and when it's the last character of a word; like "ch" in Scottish "loch" after vowels and before t, s; like "y" in "young" between vowel and -i, -j; dropped between a, á, ó, u, ú |
| H | same as in English "hello" |
| I | is like the first "i" in "inside" and "impossible" |
| Í | like an English "ee" and the "i" in "Maria" and the "y" in "diary" |
| J | is like "y" in "yes", "yogurt" and "yield" |
| K | same as in English "king" |
| L | same as in English "love" |
| M | same as in English "mom" |
| N | same as in English "never" |
| O | like "a" in British English "all" and "o" in "bolt" |
| Ó | is like "o" in "sole" and like "oa" in "goat" and "soap" |
| P | generally same as in English "Peter", but can be softer |
| R | generally same as in Scottish English, virtually identical to a Spanish rolled R, from the very front of the mouth |
| S | same as in English "soup" |
| T | same as in English "time" |
| U | virtually identical to a French "u" (as in "cul"), or a German "ü" (as in "über"). Equivalent to English "i" as in "kit", but with the lips rounded |
| Ú | like English "oo" as in "zoo" |
| V | between English V and W |
| X | same as in English "six" |
| Y | exactly like Icelandic "i", it's only a matter of spelling |
| Ý | exactly like Icelandic "í", it's only a matter of spelling |
| Þ | like English "th" in "thunder", "theatre" and "thong" |
| Æ | is like the name of the letter "i" in English or the sound of the letters "ai" in the words "Thai food". Hi/hæ & bye/bæ are the same in English and Icelandic |
| Ö | like German "ö" and English "u" in "urgent" or "fur". Equivalent to English "e" as in "bed", but with the lips rounded |
Notes
- Icelandic words never begin with Ð, and no words end with Þ.
- I and Y share the same pronunciation, as do Í and Ý.
Alphabet and IPA pronunciation
Icelandic is a North Germanic language spoken in Iceland where it is the national language.
Here are the letters and how to pronounce them:
| Letter | A a | B b | D d | E e | F f | G g | H h | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | O o | P p | R r | S s | T t | U u | V v | X x | Y y | Á á | Æ æ | É é | Í í | Ð ð | Ó ó | Ö ö | Ú ú | Ý ý | Þ þ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | a | bé | dé | e | eff | ge | há | i | joð | ká | ell | emm | enn | o | pé | err | ess | té | u | vaff | ex | ufsilon y | á | æ | é | í | eð | ó | ö | ú | ufsilon ý | þorn |
| IPA | [aː] | [pjeɛ̯] | [tjeɛ̯] | [eɛ̯] | [ɛfː] | [cjeɛ̯] | [häu̯] | [ɪː] | [joɔ̯ð̠] | [kʰäu̯] | [ɛtːl̥] | [ɛmː] | [ɛnː] | [oɔ̯] | [pʰjeɛ̯] | [ɛrː] | [ɛsː] | [tʰjeɛ̯] | [ʏː] | [vafː] | [ɛxs] | [ˈʏfsɪlɔn ɪː] | [äu̯] | [ai̯] | [jeɛ̯] | [iː] | [eɛ̯ð̠] | [ou̯] | [œː] | [uː] | [ˈʏfsɪlɔn iː] | [θ̠ɔrːtn̥] |
| Audio |
Video: Pronunciation
Sources
Book: Learn to Speak Icelandic: without even trying, Stephen Hernandez'