Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Subjunctive-Mood
| ◀️ Conditional Sentences — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Samarkand Dialect ▶️ |
As a Northern Uzbek language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am excited to introduce you to the concept of the subjunctive mood. The subjunctive mood is used to express doubt, uncertainty or desire. It's a grammatical mood that is used to talk about things that are hypothetical, not real, or unlikely to happen.
Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Questions & How to Use Have.
What is the Subjunctive Mood?
The subjunctive mood is a verb form used to express various states of unreality such as a wish, suggestion, doubt, or imaginary situation. In Northern Uzbek, it is typically used in subordinate clauses starting with the conjunctions "agar" (if), "shunchaki" (so that), "bo‘laymi" (suppose that), "ko‘rsatki" (let it be), "yo‘qmi?" (what if?), among others.
To form the subjunctive mood in Northern Uzbek, we usually start with the present tense stem of the verb, then add the subjective marker [-(i)gu] to the end of the verb stem:
- Example: "tog‘ri" (to be right) → "tug‘rigu" (would be right)
In Northern Uzbek, the subjunctive mood can also be formed using other suffixes, such as "-sa" and "-maydi". It is essential to understand the context in which you should use each form of subjunctive.
Uses of the Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood is used to express various states of unreality such as a wish, suggestion, doubt, or imaginary situation. Here are some of the most common uses of the subjunctive mood in Northern Uzbek:
- To express a hypothetical situation:
** Example: "Agar yaxshilik qilsa, olga do‘st sifatida qo‘shiladi." (If he acts decently, he will be welcomed as a friend.)
- To express a desire or suggestion:
** Example: "O‘qilgan muntazam kitoblar, boshqa kitoblardan o‘quvga ta’sir ko‘rsatadi." (The books that are systematically read have more impact on learning than other books.)
- To express a polite request:
** Example: "Tovarim, siz ko‘rsatgan manzilga qo‘l yo‘llang." (Excuse me, could you give me directions to the address you showed?)
- To express a doubt or uncertainty:
** Example: "Unga biror nima bo‘lgani haqida aniqligimiz yo‘q." (We have no idea what is happening to him)
Formation of the Subjunctive Mood
To form the subjunctive mood in Northern Uzbek, we usually start with the present tense stem of the verb, then add the subjective marker [-(i)gu] to the end of the verb stem. Here's an example for the verb "kursatmoq" (show):
| Northern Uzbek | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| kursatmoq | kuɾsætmɒq | to show |
| kursatmagu | kuɾsætmægu | would show |
Alternately, we can form the subjunctive mood using the suffix "-sa" to the present tense stem for the second and third persons singular and plural of the verb. For the first person singular and plural, we use the suffix "-maydi":
- Example 1: "Kursatmasang, keraksiz." (If you don't show, it's not necessary.)
- Example 2: "Nima qilmasam bo‘sh emas." (Whatever I do, it's not idle)
It is essential to pay attention to the context of the sentence and the specific form of the subjunctive mood used.
Subjunctive or Indicative?
In some cases in Northern Uzbek, the meaning of the sentence can differ depending on whether we use the indicative or subjunctive mood. The indicative mood is used to express statements and facts, while the subjunctive mood is used to express unreality, potentiality or a wish. Here's an example:
- Example: "Agar menda pul bo‘lsa, men butqayga bormoqchi bo‘lardim." (If I have money, I would like to go shopping.) - In this case, the subjunctive mood is used to express a wish or potentiality.
- Example: "Agar menda pul bormoqda, men butqayga bormoqchi bo‘laryapman." (If I have money, I am going shopping.) - In this case, the indicative mood is used to express a matter of fact.
It is vital to understand the difference between the indicative and subjunctive mood to convey the intended meaning accurately.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the subjunctive mood is a verb form used to express doubt, uncertainty or desire in Northern Uzbek. We form it using different suffixes or markers and typically use it in subordinate clauses starting with specific conjunctions. It is essential to understand when to use the subjunctive mood in Northern Uzbek and to distinguish it from the indicative mood.
I hope you enjoyed this lesson on the subjunctive mood, and I encourage you to keep practicing to master this advanced grammar concept. Keep up the good work!
Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: Conditional Mood & Sentence structure.
Other Lessons
- Relative Clauses
- Conditional Sentences
- 0 to A1 Course
- Subject Verb Agreement
- Plural
- Future Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Indirect Discourse
- Imperative of verbs
- Formal and informal YOU
| ◀️ Conditional Sentences — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Samarkand Dialect ▶️ |