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IndonesianGrammar0 to A1 CoursePast Tense

Past Tense in Indonesian

The past tense is an important concept in Indonesian grammar. In this lesson, you will learn how to use the past tense in Indonesian. Specifically, you will learn four different words that are used to indicate the past tense: sudah, belum, pernah, and dulu.

Sudah

The word "sudah" is used to indicate that an action has already been completed in the past. For example:

Indonesian Pronunciation Finnish
Saya sudah makan sah-yah soo-dah mah-kahn Olen jo syönyt
Dia sudah pergi dee-ah soo-dah per-gee Hän on jo lähtenyt

In both of these examples, "sudah" is used to indicate that the action has already been completed.

Belum

The word "belum" is used to indicate that an action has not yet been completed in the past. For example:

Indonesian Pronunciation Finnish
Saya belum makan sah-yah be-luhm mah-kahn En ole vielä syönyt
Dia belum pergi dee-ah be-luhm per-gee Hän ei ole vielä lähtenyt

In both of these examples, "belum" is used to indicate that the action has not yet been completed.

Pernah

The word "pernah" is used to indicate that an action has been done at least once in the past. For example:

Indonesian Pronunciation Finnish
Saya pernah makan sushi sah-yah per-nah mah-kahn soo-shee Olen syönyt sushia vähintään kerran
Dia pernah tinggal di Jepang dee-ah per-nah ting-gahl dee ye-pahng Hän on asunut Japanissa vähintään kerran

In both of these examples, "pernah" is used to indicate that the action has been done at least once in the past.

Dulu

The word "dulu" is used to indicate that an action took place in the past, but not necessarily that it has been completed. For example:

Indonesian Pronunciation Finnish
Dulu, saya sering makan di restoran ini doo-loo, sah-yah sehr-ing mah-kahn dee re-stor-ahn ee-nee Aiemmin söin usein tässä ravintolassa
Dia dulu pernah belajar bahasa Indonesia dee-ah doo-loo per-nah beh-lah-jahr bah-hah-sah een-doh-nee-see-ah Hän opiskeli Indonesian kieltä aikaisemmin

In both of these examples, "dulu" is used to indicate that the action took place in the past, but not necessarily that it has been completed.

Summary

In this lesson, you have learned four different words that are used to indicate the past tense in Indonesian: sudah, belum, pernah, and dulu. Remember that "sudah" indicates that an action has already been completed, "belum" indicates that an action has not yet been completed, "pernah" indicates that an action has been done at least once, and "dulu" indicates that an action took place in the past, but not necessarily that it has been completed.



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