Language/Turkish/Grammar/Participles
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| ◀️ Cases — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️ |
Welcome to the lesson on participles in Turkish! As you embark on your journey to learn this beautiful language, understanding participles will open up new avenues for you to express yourself more richly and accurately. Participles play a crucial role in Turkish, adding depth to your sentences and allowing you to convey actions in various forms.
In this lesson, we will explore what participles are, how they function in sentences, and how to form them in Turkish. You will find that participles can be used as adjectives or nouns, making them incredibly versatile. By the end of this lesson, you'll not only understand participles but also feel confident using them in your conversations.
Lesson Outline
What Are Participles?
Participles are derived from verbs and can act as modifiers to nouns or serve as nouns themselves. In Turkish, participles can express actions that are ongoing, completed, or in a state of being.
There are two main types of participles in Turkish:
1. Present Participles: Indicate an ongoing action.
2. Past Participles: Indicate a completed action.
Present Participles
Present participles in Turkish are formed by adding the suffix -en or -an to the verb root. This allows you to describe an action that is currently happening.
Past Participles
Past participles are created by adding the suffix -miş or -dı (depending on vowel harmony) to the verb root. These participles describe actions that have been completed.
Examples of Participles
To illustrate the concept of participles further, here are some examples:
Present Participles Examples
| Turkish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| yazan | jɑˈzɑn | writing |
| koşan | koˈʃɑn | running |
| konuşan | koˈnuʃɑn | speaking |
| okuyan | oˈku.jɑn | reading |
| düşünen | dyˈʃy.nen | thinking |
| oynayan | oɪˈnɑ.jɑn | playing |
| bekleyen | bekˈle.jen | waiting |
| gülümseyen | gyˈlɨm.se.jen | smiling |
| gezen | ɟeˈzɛn | wandering |
| düşen | dyˈʃɛn | falling |
Past Participles Examples
| Turkish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| yazmış | jɑzˈmɨʃ | written |
| koşmuş | koʃˈmuʃ | run |
| konuşmuş | koˈnuʃmuʃ | spoken |
| okumuş | oˈku.muʃ | read |
| düşünmüş | dyˈʃyn.mɨʃ | thought |
| oynamış | oɪˈnɑ.mɨʃ | played |
| beklemiş | bekˈle.miʃ | waited |
| gülümsemiş | gyˈlɨm.se.miʃ | smiled |
| gezmiş | ɟeˈzmiʃ | wandered |
| düşmüş | dyˈʃmɨʃ | fallen |
Usage of Participles
Now that we've explored the formation of participles, let’s discuss how they can be used in sentences:
1. As Adjectives: Participles can modify nouns.
- Example: Yazan çocuk (The writing child).
2. As Nouns: Participles can also act as nouns.
- Example: Koşanlar burada (Those who are running are here).
Practice Exercises
To help you solidify your understanding of participles, here are some exercises.
Exercise 1: Identify the Participles
Identify the participle in the following sentences.
1. Yazan adam çok akıllı. (The writing man is very smart.)
2. Koşan kız hızlı. (The running girl is fast.)
3. Okuyan çocuk ders çalışıyor. (The reading child is studying.)
Answers:
1. yazan
2. koşan
3. okuyan
Exercise 2: Complete the Sentence
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the participle.
1. Ben ___ (yaz) bir mektup yazdım. (I wrote a letter that is writing.)
2. Onlar ___ (bekle) tren gelmedi. (They waited for the train that hasn’t come.)
3. Koşan çocuk çok mutlu. (The child who is running is very happy.)
Answers:
1. yazan
2. bekleyen
3. koşan
Exercise 3: Create Sentences
Create sentences using the provided participles.
1. yazan
2. koşan
3. düşen
Example Sentences:
1. Yazılan kitap çok öğretici. (The written book is very educational.)
2. Koşan çocuk çok hızlı. (The running child is very fast.)
3. Düşen yapraklar yere düştü. (The falling leaves fell to the ground.)
Summary
In this lesson, you learned about participles in Turkish, their types, and their usages. Participles are an essential part of the Turkish language, allowing you to express actions in various forms and add richness to your sentences.
Practice using them in your conversations, and don't hesitate to refer back to this lesson whenever you need a refresher.
Additional Exercises
Here are more exercises for you to practice:
Exercise 4: Translate to Turkish
Translate the following sentences into Turkish, focusing on using the correct participle forms.
1. The child who is reading is my brother.
2. The man who has written the book is here.
3. The girl who is playing is my sister.
Answers:
1. Okuyan çocuk benim kardeşim.
2. Kitabı yazan adam burada.
3. Oynayan kız benim kız kardeşim.
Exercise 5: Fill in the Blanks
Fill the blanks with the appropriate participles.
1. Yaz___ kitap çok güzel. (The written book is very beautiful.)
2. Koş___ köpek çok hızlı. (The running dog is very fast.)
3. Düş___ meyve yere düştü. (The falling fruit fell on the ground.)
Answers:
1. yazan
2. koşan
3. düşen
Conclusion
Participles add flavor to your expressions in Turkish, enabling you to describe actions vividly. Keep practicing, and soon you will find them becoming a natural part of your vocabulary.
Now, go ahead and explore more sentences, and don't forget to practice with friends or language partners! Happy learning!
Videos
Learn Turkish-30 Participle Suffix - YouTube
Sources
- Turkish grammar - Wikipedia
- Turkish Participles
- The Turkish participles -- Learn Turkish - Learn Turkish
Other Lessons
- The Inclusive Case in Turkish
- Vowels and Consonants
- Give your Opinion
- Prepositions
- REİTERATİVE
- How to use ¨can¨ in Turkish
- Pronouns
- How to Use Have
- Pronunciation
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