Language/Tatar/Grammar/Nouns
Hi Tatar learners! 😊
In this lesson, we are going to explore the basics of Tatar nouns. Nouns are one of the most essential parts of speech in any language, as they can describe the name of anything around us.
Introduction to Tatar Nouns
Every Tatar noun has the following components:
- **Root** - the core component of a word.
- **Ending** - the final sound, syllable, or letter of a word.
- **Suffix** - an affix added to the end of a word to create a new meaning or modify an existing one.
In Tatar, many of the suffixes can change depending on the vowel harmony.
Tatar Noun Cases
Tatar nouns can have up to six cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, and ablative.
Nominative Case
The nominative case is the subject of the sentence. For example:
| Tatar | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| kitap | /ki.tɑp/ | book |
The noun "kitap" is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence:
"Kitap qara." (The book is black.)
Genitive Case
The genitive case is used to show possession or to indicate the relationship between two nouns. For example:
| Tatar | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ağacın | /ɑ.ɣɑ.t͡sɯn/ | tree's |
| yoldaşımın | /jol.dɑ.ʃɯ.mɯn/ | my friend's |
| xalıqın | /xɑ.lɯq.ɯn/ | of the people |
The noun "ağac" means "tree" and "ın" is the genitive case suffix. Therefore, "ağacın" means "tree's".
Dative Case
The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence. For example:
| Tatar | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| kitäbe | /ki.tæ.bɛ/ | to the book |
The noun "kitap" means "book" and "e" is the dative case suffix. Therefore, "kitäbe" means "to the book".
Accusative Case
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. For example:
| Tatar | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| kitabı | /ki.tɑ.bɯ/ | the book |
The noun "kitap" means "book" and "ı" is the accusative case suffix. Therefore, "kitabı" means "the book".
Locative Case
The locative case is used to indicate the location of an object or person. For example:
| Tatar | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| kitapta | /ki.tɑp.tɑ/ | on the book |
| işäräte | /i.ʃæræ.tɛ/ | at the sign |
The noun "kitap" means "book" and "ta" is the locative case suffix. Therefore, "kitapta" means "on the book".
Ablative Case
The ablative case is used to indicate the origin of an object or person. For example:
| Tatar | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| kitapdan | /ki.tɑp.dæn/ | from the book |
| qorımdan | /ko.rɯm.dæn/ | from the village |
The noun "kitap" means "book" and "dan" is the ablative case suffix. Therefore, "kitapdan" means "from the book".
Plural Forms of Tatar Nouns
To form the plural of a Tatar noun, we need to add the plural suffix. There are different plural suffixes depending on the vowel harmony. Here are a few examples:
| Tatar | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| albatsarlar | /ɑl.bɑt.sɑr.lɑr/ | bats |
| qazanlar | /qɑ.zɑn.lɑr/ | pans |
| elchiler | /ɛl.t͡ʃi.lɛr/ | messengers |
Dialogue
An example dialogue with Tatar nouns:
- Person 1: Тиң чын букет — ачычат? (Tiñ çın buket — açıçat?) (What flowers are in your bouquet?)
- Person 2: Чөпкер – туя киңәш. (Çöpkär – tuya kiñäş.) (Chrysanthemums are small and delicate.)
Tips for Learning Tatar Nouns
- Practice with Tatar native speakers on Polyglot Club!
- Listen to Tatar music and pay attention to the lyrics.
- Read Tatar books and articles to come across new Tatar nouns.
- Start with just a few common Tatar nouns and work your way up from there.
Conclusion
In this lesson, you learned about the fundamentals of Tatar nouns, including the different cases and plural forms. Keep practicing and learning more Tatar nouns to improve your Tatar proficiency!
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Sources