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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Bosnian|Bosnian]]  → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparatives and Superlatives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Bosnian|Bosnian]]  → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comparatives and Superlatives</div>


__TOC__
Welcome to another exciting lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Bosnian Course"! Today, we will dive into the fascinating world of '''comparatives and superlatives''' in the Bosnian language. These grammatical structures allow us to make comparisons between different subjects and to express extremes. Whether you want to say that something is bigger, smaller, better, or best, mastering these forms is essential for effective communication in Bosnian.
 
=== Importance of Comparatives and Superlatives ===
 
Understanding comparatives and superlatives is crucial because they are used in everyday conversation and writing. They help us articulate our thoughts more clearly and convey the degree of difference among the subjects we discuss. Imagine you’re trying to describe your favorite cities in Bosnia—being able to say which one is the '''most beautiful''' or the '''smallest''' will enhance your expressive capabilities.
 
In this lesson, we will cover the following topics:


== Introduction ==
* '''Forming Comparatives'''


In this lesson, we will explore the topic of comparatives and superlatives in Bosnian grammar. Understanding how to form comparative and superlative adjectives is essential for describing differences and extremes in the Bosnian language. Whether you want to compare two objects or express the highest or lowest degree of a quality, this lesson will provide you with the necessary knowledge and practice to do so effectively.
* '''Forming Superlatives'''


We will begin by discussing the formation of comparatives and superlatives, including the rules and patterns involved. Then, we will explore various examples to illustrate the usage of these forms in different contexts. Additionally, we will delve into any regional variations or historical reasons for differences in the usage of comparatives and superlatives in Bosnian.
* '''Usage Examples'''


To ensure a comprehensive understanding of the topic, we will provide exercises and practice scenarios where you can apply what you have learned. These exercises will allow you to practice forming comparatives and superlatives in a variety of contexts, solidifying your knowledge and skills in this area.
* '''Practice Exercises'''


By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently form comparatives and superlatives in Bosnian, enabling you to make comparisons and describe extremes accurately and fluently. Let's dive in!
So, let’s get started!


== Formation of Comparatives and Superlatives ==
__TOC__


In Bosnian, comparatives and superlatives are formed by adding suffixes to the base form of an adjective. The specific suffix used depends on the gender and number of the noun being described. Let's explore the different formations for comparatives and superlatives in Bosnian.
=== Forming Comparatives ===


=== Comparative Adjectives ===
In Bosnian, comparatives are generally formed by adding specific suffixes to the base form of the adjective. The most common suffixes are '''-iji''' or '''-iji''' for adjectives that have two syllables or more. For shorter adjectives, we typically use the word '''“više”''' (more).


To form the comparative degree of an adjective, we generally add the suffix "-iji" to the base form of the adjective. However, the suffix undergoes certain changes depending on the gender and number of the noun it describes. Let's take a look at some examples:
==== Examples of Comparatives ====
 
Here are some examples to illustrate how comparatives are formed in Bosnian:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| velik || /ˈvɛlik/ || bigger
|-
|-
| visok || /vɪsok/ || tall
 
| manji || /ˈmaɲi/ || smaller
 
|-
|-
| viši || /vɪʃi/ || taller
 
| ljepši || /ˈljɛpʃi/ || more beautiful
 
|-
 
| brži || /ˈbɾʒi/ || faster
 
|-
|-
| najviši || /naɪvɪʃi/ || tallest
 
| pametniji || /paˈmɛt̪ni.ji/ || smarter
 
|-
 
| skuplji || /ˈskupli/ || more expensive
 
|-
 
| jednostavniji || /jɛdnɔsˈtaʊ̯ni.ji/ || simpler
 
|-
 
| zanimljiviji || /zaˈniːmljivi.ji/ || more interesting
 
|-
 
| stariji || /ˈstaɾi.ji/ || older
 
|-
 
| jači || /ˈja.tʃi/ || stronger
 
|}
|}


In the example above, we see the formation of the comparative degree of the adjective "visok" (tall). By adding the suffix "-iji" to the base form "visok," we get "viši" (taller). To form the superlative degree, we add the prefix "naj-" to the comparative form, resulting in "najviši" (tallest).
=== Usage of Comparatives ===
 
When using comparatives in sentences, you might find phrases like '''“od”''' (than) useful. For example:


It's important to note that the suffix "-iji" changes to "-i" when used with feminine singular adjectives. Let's see an example:
* '''Ova knjiga je veća od one.''' 
 
(This book is bigger than that one.)
 
* '''Marija je pametnija od Jovane.''' 
 
(Maria is smarter than Jovana.)
 
=== Forming Superlatives ===
 
To express the highest degree of a quality, we turn to superlatives. These are formed by adding the prefix '''“naj-”''' to the base form of the adjective.
 
==== Examples of Superlatives ====
 
Let’s take a look at how superlatives are constructed in Bosnian:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| lijepa || /lɪjɛpa/ || beautiful
 
| najveći || /ˈnajʋɛt͡ʃi/ || the biggest
 
|-
|-
| ljepša || /ljɛpʃa/ || more beautiful
 
| najmanji || /ˈnajmaɲi/ || the smallest
 
|-
|-
| najljepša || /naɪljɛpʃa/ || most beautiful
|}


In this example, the feminine singular adjective "lijepa" (beautiful) becomes "ljepša" (more beautiful) in the comparative degree. The superlative degree is then formed by adding the prefix "naj-" to the comparative form, resulting in "najljepša" (most beautiful).
| najljepši || /ˈnajljɛpʃi/ || the most beautiful
 
|-
 
| najbrži || /ˈnajbɾʒi/ || the fastest
 
|-


=== Superlative Adjectives ===
| najpametniji || /najpametniji/ || the smartest


To form the superlative degree of an adjective, we add the prefix "naj-" to the base form of the adjective. This prefix remains the same regardless of the gender or number of the noun being described. Let's look at some examples:
|-
 
| najskuplji || /ˈnajskupli/ || the most expensive


{| class="wikitable"
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| pametan || /pamɛtan/ || smart
 
| najjednostavniji || /najjednostavniji/ || the simplest
 
|-
|-
| najpametniji || /naɪpamɛtniʃi/ || smartest
 
| najzanimljiviji || /najzanimljiviji/ || the most interesting
 
|-
|-
| lijep || /ljɛp/ || beautiful
 
| najstariji || /najstaɾi.ji/ || the oldest
 
|-
|-
| najljepši || /naɪljɛpʃi/ || most beautiful
 
| najjači || /najˈja.tʃi/ || the strongest
 
|}
|}


In the first example, the base form "pametan" (smart) becomes "najpametniji" (smartest) when we add the prefix "naj-". Similarly, the base form "lijep" (beautiful) becomes "najljepši" (most beautiful) with the addition of the prefix "naj-".
=== Usage of Superlatives ===
 
Superlatives are often used with the word '''“od svih”''' (of all) to emphasize that something is the best in a group.
 
* '''Ovo je najljepša slika od svih.''' 
 
(This is the most beautiful picture of all.)
 
* '''On je najbrži trkač od svih.''' 
 
(He is the fastest runner of all.)
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you have a solid understanding of how comparatives and superlatives work in Bosnian, it’s time to put that knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help you practice.
 
'''Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Comparative Form'''
 
1. Ova zgrada je __________ (visok) od one. 
 
2. Maja je __________ (mlad) od Jelene. 
 
3. Ovaj film je __________ (dobro) od onog. 
 
4. Ova torta je __________ (sladak) od druge.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. viša
 
2. mlađa
 
3. bolji
 
4. slađa
 
'''Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Superlative Form'''
 
1. On je __________ (brz) vozač na svijetu. 
 
2. To je __________ (dobar) restoran u gradu. 
 
3. Marija je __________ (ljep) djevojka u razredu. 
 
4. Ovo je __________ (jeftin) proizvod od svih.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. najbrži
 
2. najbolji
 
3. najljepša
 
4. najjeftiniji
 
'''Exercise 3: Translate the Following Sentences into Bosnian'''
 
1. This car is faster than that one. 
 
2. She is the smartest student in the class. 
 
3. This book is more interesting than the other. 
 
4. He is the strongest player of all.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Ovaj auto je brži od onog.
 
2. Ona je najpametnija učenica u razredu.
 
3. Ova knjiga je zanimljivija od druge.
 
4. On je najjači igrač od svih.
 
'''Exercise 4: Create Sentences Using Comparatives'''
 
Write three sentences comparing different objects or people. Use at least one comparative form in each sentence.
 
'''Example Solutions:'''
 
1. Ovaj telefon je skuplji od mog.
 
2. Marija je ljepša od Ane.
 
3. Ova slika je bolja od prošle.
 
'''Exercise 5: Create Sentences Using Superlatives'''
 
Write three sentences using superlatives.
 
'''Example Solutions:'''
 
1. Ovo je najljepši grad u Bosni.
 
2. On je najbrži trkač u školi.


These examples demonstrate the formation of superlative adjectives in Bosnian. By understanding the rules and patterns for forming comparatives and superlatives, you will be able to accurately describe differences and extremes in your conversations and writing.
3. Ovaj kolač je najukusniji od svih.


== Cultural Insights ==
'''Exercise 6: Match the Adjective with its Comparative and Superlative Forms'''


In Bosnian culture, the usage of comparatives and superlatives can vary slightly depending on the region or historical influences. It's interesting to note that regional dialects may have their own unique ways of forming comparatives and superlatives, often influenced by local customs and linguistic traditions.
* velik 


For example, in some regions of Bosnia, you may hear the use of the suffix "-ji" instead of "-iji" for forming comparatives. This variation adds a distinct flavor to the language and reflects the diversity within the Bosnian-speaking community. Embracing these regional variations can enrich your understanding and appreciation of the Bosnian language and culture.
* pametan 


Historically, Bosnian has been influenced by various neighboring languages and cultures, including Turkish, Arabic, and Slavic languages. These influences can be observed in the vocabulary and grammar of the language. When it comes to comparatives and superlatives, you may come across certain words or expressions that have roots in these historical influences.
* brz 


For instance, the use of the prefix "naj-" to form superlative adjectives is reminiscent of the Turkish language, which has also influenced Bosnian vocabulary and grammar. This historical connection adds depth and richness to the Bosnian language, making it an intriguing subject of study for language enthusiasts.
* lijep 


== Exercises ==
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |


Now it's time to put your knowledge of comparatives and superlatives into practice! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of the topic.
|-----------|-------------|-------------|


Exercise 1: Forming Comparatives
| velik    | veći        | najveći    |
For each adjective given, form the comparative degree using the appropriate suffix or prefix.


* Example: malen (small) → manji (smaller)
| pametan  | pametniji  | najpametniji |
1. brz (fast)
2. visok (tall)
3. dobar (good)
4. lijep (beautiful)
5. stari (old)


Exercise 2: Forming Superlatives
| brz      | brži        | najbrži    |
For each adjective given, form the superlative degree using the appropriate suffix or prefix.


* Example: visok (tall) → najviši (tallest)
| lijep     | ljepši      | najljepši    |
1. pametan (smart)
2. lijep (beautiful)
3. dobar (good)
4. mlad (young)
5. jak (strong)


Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks
'''Exercise 7: Identify the Errors'''
Complete the sentences with the appropriate comparative or superlative form of the adjective in parentheses.


* Example: Ova knjiga je ________ od one. (dobar) → Ova knjiga je bolja od one. (This book is better than that one.)
Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences:
1. Ona kuća je ________ od ove. (velik)
2. To je ________ film koji sam ikada gledao. (zabavan)
3. Moj pas je ________ od svih. (ljubazan)
4. Ona je ________ osoba koju poznajem. (pametan)
5. Ovo je ________ restoran u gradu. (popularan)


== Solutions ==
1. Ova škola je najveći od svih.


Exercise 1: Forming Comparatives
2. On je pametniji učenik od svih.
1. brži (faster)
2. viši (taller)
3. bolji (better)
4. ljepši (more beautiful)
5. stariji (older)


Exercise 2: Forming Superlatives
3. Maja je najljepši djevojka u razredu.
1. najpametniji (smartest)
2. najljepši (most beautiful)
3. najbolji (best)
4. najmlađi (youngest)
5. najjači (strongest)


Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks
'''Solutions:'''
1. veća (bigger)
2. najzabavniji (most entertaining)
3. najljubaznija (kindest)
4. najpametnija (smartest)
5. najpopularniji (most popular)


Make sure to review your answers and compare them with the solutions provided. This will help you identify any areas that need further practice or clarification.
1. Ova škola je najviše od svih.


== Conclusion ==
2. He is the smartest student of all.


Congratulations on completing this lesson on comparatives and superlatives in Bosnian grammar! You have learned how to form comparative and superlative adjectives, allowing you to make comparisons and describe extremes in the Bosnian language. By practicing the exercises provided, you have further solidified your understanding and application of this topic.
3. Maja je najljepša djevojka u razredu.


Continue to explore and expand your knowledge of Bosnian grammar, vocabulary, and cultural insights. The more you immerse yourself in the language, the more confident and proficient you will become. Keep up the great work, and soon you will be on your way to achieving fluency in Bosnian!
'''Exercise 8: Fill in the Blanks'''
 
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjective:
 
1. Ova knjiga je __________ (dobar) od svih koje sam pročitao.
 
2. Njegov auto je __________ (nov) od mog.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. najbolja
 
2. noviji
 
'''Exercise 9: Create a Short Dialogue'''
 
Create a dialogue between two friends discussing their favorite cities in Bosnia using comparatives and superlatives.
 
'''Example Dialogue:'''
 
A: Koji grad misliš da je najljepši u Bosni?
 
B: Mislim da je Sarajevo najljepši, ali Mostar je zanimljiviji.
 
A: Da, ali Banja Luka je veća od Mostara.
 
'''Exercise 10: Write a Short Paragraph'''
 
Write a short paragraph describing your favorite place using at least three comparatives and two superlatives.
 
'''Example Paragraph:'''
 
My favorite city is Sarajevo. It is the most beautiful city in Bosnia. The food is better than in other cities, and the people are friendlier. I think it is the liveliest place to visit.
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use comparatives and superlatives in the Bosnian language. Remember, practice makes perfect! Keep using these forms in your conversations, and soon they will become second nature to you. Don’t hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher.
 
Now go ahead and explore the beautiful landscapes of Bosnia with your newfound language skills!


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|title=Bosnian Grammar: Comparatives and Superlatives
|description=Understand how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Bosnian. Practice using these forms to make comparisons and describe extremes.
 
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Latest revision as of 01:53, 2 August 2024

◀️ Adjective Agreement — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️

D5625E83-C213-4156-B650-20CA28E4F56B.jpeg
BosnianGrammar0 to A1 Course → Comparatives and Superlatives

Welcome to another exciting lesson in our "Complete 0 to A1 Bosnian Course"! Today, we will dive into the fascinating world of comparatives and superlatives in the Bosnian language. These grammatical structures allow us to make comparisons between different subjects and to express extremes. Whether you want to say that something is bigger, smaller, better, or best, mastering these forms is essential for effective communication in Bosnian.

Importance of Comparatives and Superlatives[edit | edit source]

Understanding comparatives and superlatives is crucial because they are used in everyday conversation and writing. They help us articulate our thoughts more clearly and convey the degree of difference among the subjects we discuss. Imagine you’re trying to describe your favorite cities in Bosnia—being able to say which one is the most beautiful or the smallest will enhance your expressive capabilities.

In this lesson, we will cover the following topics:

  • Forming Comparatives
  • Forming Superlatives
  • Usage Examples
  • Practice Exercises

So, let’s get started!

Forming Comparatives[edit | edit source]

In Bosnian, comparatives are generally formed by adding specific suffixes to the base form of the adjective. The most common suffixes are -iji or -iji for adjectives that have two syllables or more. For shorter adjectives, we typically use the word “više” (more).

Examples of Comparatives[edit | edit source]

Here are some examples to illustrate how comparatives are formed in Bosnian:

Bosnian Pronunciation English
velik /ˈvɛlik/ bigger
manji /ˈmaɲi/ smaller
ljepši /ˈljɛpʃi/ more beautiful
brži /ˈbɾʒi/ faster
pametniji /paˈmɛt̪ni.ji/ smarter
skuplji /ˈskupli/ more expensive
jednostavniji /jɛdnɔsˈtaʊ̯ni.ji/ simpler
zanimljiviji /zaˈniːmljivi.ji/ more interesting
stariji /ˈstaɾi.ji/ older
jači /ˈja.tʃi/ stronger

Usage of Comparatives[edit | edit source]

When using comparatives in sentences, you might find phrases like “od” (than) useful. For example:

  • Ova knjiga je veća od one.

(This book is bigger than that one.)

  • Marija je pametnija od Jovane.

(Maria is smarter than Jovana.)

Forming Superlatives[edit | edit source]

To express the highest degree of a quality, we turn to superlatives. These are formed by adding the prefix “naj-” to the base form of the adjective.

Examples of Superlatives[edit | edit source]

Let’s take a look at how superlatives are constructed in Bosnian:

Bosnian Pronunciation English
najveći /ˈnajʋɛt͡ʃi/ the biggest
najmanji /ˈnajmaɲi/ the smallest
najljepši /ˈnajljɛpʃi/ the most beautiful
najbrži /ˈnajbɾʒi/ the fastest
najpametniji /najpametniji/ the smartest
najskuplji /ˈnajskupli/ the most expensive
najjednostavniji /najjednostavniji/ the simplest
najzanimljiviji /najzanimljiviji/ the most interesting
najstariji /najstaɾi.ji/ the oldest
najjači /najˈja.tʃi/ the strongest

Usage of Superlatives[edit | edit source]

Superlatives are often used with the word “od svih” (of all) to emphasize that something is the best in a group.

  • Ovo je najljepša slika od svih.

(This is the most beautiful picture of all.)

  • On je najbrži trkač od svih.

(He is the fastest runner of all.)

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a solid understanding of how comparatives and superlatives work in Bosnian, it’s time to put that knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help you practice.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Comparative Form

1. Ova zgrada je __________ (visok) od one.

2. Maja je __________ (mlad) od Jelene.

3. Ovaj film je __________ (dobro) od onog.

4. Ova torta je __________ (sladak) od druge.

Solutions:

1. viša

2. mlađa

3. bolji

4. slađa

Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Superlative Form

1. On je __________ (brz) vozač na svijetu.

2. To je __________ (dobar) restoran u gradu.

3. Marija je __________ (ljep) djevojka u razredu.

4. Ovo je __________ (jeftin) proizvod od svih.

Solutions:

1. najbrži

2. najbolji

3. najljepša

4. najjeftiniji

Exercise 3: Translate the Following Sentences into Bosnian

1. This car is faster than that one.

2. She is the smartest student in the class.

3. This book is more interesting than the other.

4. He is the strongest player of all.

Solutions:

1. Ovaj auto je brži od onog.

2. Ona je najpametnija učenica u razredu.

3. Ova knjiga je zanimljivija od druge.

4. On je najjači igrač od svih.

Exercise 4: Create Sentences Using Comparatives

Write three sentences comparing different objects or people. Use at least one comparative form in each sentence.

Example Solutions:

1. Ovaj telefon je skuplji od mog.

2. Marija je ljepša od Ane.

3. Ova slika je bolja od prošle.

Exercise 5: Create Sentences Using Superlatives

Write three sentences using superlatives.

Example Solutions:

1. Ovo je najljepši grad u Bosni.

2. On je najbrži trkač u školi.

3. Ovaj kolač je najukusniji od svih.

Exercise 6: Match the Adjective with its Comparative and Superlative Forms

  • velik
  • pametan
  • brz
  • lijep

| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |

|-----------|-------------|-------------|

| velik | veći | najveći |

| pametan | pametniji | najpametniji |

| brz | brži | najbrži |

| lijep | ljepši | najljepši |

Exercise 7: Identify the Errors

Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences:

1. Ova škola je najveći od svih.

2. On je pametniji učenik od svih.

3. Maja je najljepši djevojka u razredu.

Solutions:

1. Ova škola je najviše od svih.

2. He is the smartest student of all.

3. Maja je najljepša djevojka u razredu.

Exercise 8: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjective:

1. Ova knjiga je __________ (dobar) od svih koje sam pročitao.

2. Njegov auto je __________ (nov) od mog.

Solutions:

1. najbolja

2. noviji

Exercise 9: Create a Short Dialogue

Create a dialogue between two friends discussing their favorite cities in Bosnia using comparatives and superlatives.

Example Dialogue:

A: Koji grad misliš da je najljepši u Bosni?

B: Mislim da je Sarajevo najljepši, ali Mostar je zanimljiviji.

A: Da, ali Banja Luka je veća od Mostara.

Exercise 10: Write a Short Paragraph

Write a short paragraph describing your favorite place using at least three comparatives and two superlatives.

Example Paragraph:

My favorite city is Sarajevo. It is the most beautiful city in Bosnia. The food is better than in other cities, and the people are friendlier. I think it is the liveliest place to visit.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use comparatives and superlatives in the Bosnian language. Remember, practice makes perfect! Keep using these forms in your conversations, and soon they will become second nature to you. Don’t hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher.

Now go ahead and explore the beautiful landscapes of Bosnia with your newfound language skills!

Table of Contents - Bosnian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Bosnian Alphabet


Basic Bosnian Sentence Structure


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Verbs and Tenses


Numbers and Time


Food and Drink


Travel and Transportation


Bosnian Customs and Traditions


Adjectives and Adverbs


Family and Relationships


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Bosnian Literature and Cinema


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Adjective Agreement — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️