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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Prepositions</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions</div>
 
Welcome to the lesson on '''Panjabi Prepositions'''! Prepositions are essential components of language that help us express relationships between different elements in a sentence. In Panjabi, like in English, prepositions indicate location, time, direction, and more. Understanding how to use prepositions effectively will enhance your ability to communicate clearly and accurately in Panjabi.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the different types of prepositions in Panjabi, provide a variety of examples, and engage in practical exercises to help reinforce your learning. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Panjabi prepositions and be able to use them in everyday conversations.


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== Introduction ==
=== What are Prepositions? ===
 
Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They help describe relationships in terms of:
 
* '''Location''' (where something is)
 
* '''Time''' (when something happens)
 
* '''Direction''' (where something is going)
 
* '''Other relationships''' (like possession or means)
 
In Panjabi, prepositions are often used to form phrases that provide additional context.
 
=== Types of Prepositions ===
 
There are several categories of prepositions in Panjabi. Let’s break them down:
 
==== 1. Prepositions of Location ====
 
These prepositions describe where something is situated. Common examples include:
 
* ''''ਵਿੱਚ'''' (vic) - in
 
* ''''ਤੇ'''' (te) - on
 
* ''''ਨਾਲ'''' (naal) - with
 
* ''''ਆਲੇ'''' (aale) - beside
 
Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ਮੈਂ ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ || maiṁ kamarē vic hāṁ || I am in the room
 
|-
 
| ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ || kitāb mēz te hai || The book is on the table
 
|-
 
| ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਆਇਆ || uh mērē nāl āiā || He came with me
 
|-
 
| ਬੱਚਾ ਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਆਲੇ ਖੇਡ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ || bacchā māṁ dē ālē khēḍ rihā hai || The child is playing beside the mother
 
|}
 
==== 2. Prepositions of Time ====
 
These prepositions indicate when something occurs. Common examples include:
 
* ''''ਤੱਕ'''' (takk) - until
 
* ''''ਸਮੇਂ'''' (samēṁ) - at
 
* ''''ਬਾਅਦ'''' (bād) - after
 
* ''''ਪਹਿਲਾਂ'''' (pahilāṁ) - before
 
Examples include:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਤੱਕ ਜਾਗਣਾਂ || maiṁ savērē takk jāgaṇā || I will wake up until morning
 
|-
 
| ਉਹ ਦਿਨ 10 ਵਜੇ ਮਿਲੇਗੇ || uh din 10 vajē milēgē || They will meet at 10 o'clock
 
|-
 
| ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਓ || bād vic chāh pīō || Drink tea after
 
|-
 
| ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਆਪਣਾ ਕੰਮ ਖਤਮ ਕਰੋ || pahilāṁ āpaṇā kama khatam karō || Finish your work before


Welcome to the lesson on prepositions in Panjabi! Prepositions are an essential part of any language as they help us express relationships between words and indicate various aspects such as location, time, direction, and more. In this lesson, we will explore the different uses of prepositions in Panjabi and how they are used in sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Panjabi prepositions and be able to use them confidently in your own conversations and writing.
|}


== Prepositions in Panjabi ==
==== 3. Prepositions of Direction ====


Prepositions in Panjabi are words that establish a relationship between nouns, pronouns, and other words in a sentence. These words often indicate location, time, direction, manner, and other relationships. Panjabi prepositions are placed before the noun or pronoun they relate to and provide additional information about that word.
These prepositions describe movement towards a specific point. Common examples include:


Let's take a look at some common prepositions in Panjabi:
* ''''ਵੱਲ'''' (val) - towards
 
* ''''ਲਈ'''' (la'ī) - for
 
* ''''ਵਿਚੋਂ'''' (vicōṁ) - out of
 
* ''''ਦੀ طرف'''' (dī taraf) - to the side of
 
Examples include:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ਉਹ ਦਰਵਾਜੇ ਵੱਲ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ || uh darvājē val jā rihā hai || He is going towards the door
 
|-
 
| ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਖੁਸ਼ ਹਾਂ || maiṁ tuhāḍē la'ī khuś hāṁ || I am happy for you
 
|-
|-
| ਵਿੱਚ || vich || in, inside
 
| ਉਹ ਸੜਕ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਇਆ || uh saṛak vicōṁ paidā ho'ā || He came out of the street
 
|-
|-
| ਉੱਤੇ || utte || on, upon
 
| ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਘਰ ਦੀ طرف ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ || uh mērē ghar dī taraf jā rahī hai || She is going to the side of my house
 
|}
 
==== 4. Prepositions Indicating Other Relationships ====
 
These prepositions help express possession, means, and other relationships. Common examples include:
 
* ''''ਦਾ'''' (dā) - of
 
* ''''ਸਾਥ'''' (sāth) - with (in terms of cooperation)
 
* ''''ਆਪਣੇ'''' (āpaṇē) - to oneself
 
Examples include:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| ਨੂੰ || nu || to, for
 
| ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਰੀ ਹੈ || ih kitāb mērī hai || This book is mine
 
|-
|-
| ਨਾਲ || naal || with, by
 
| ਉਹ ਸਾਥੀ ਨਾਲ ਖੇਡ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ || uh sāthī nāl khēḍ rahē han || They are playing with friends
 
|-
|-
| ਦੇ || de || of, from
 
| ਉਹ ਇਸ ਕੰਮ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਲਈ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ || uh is kama nū āpaṇē la'ī kardā hai || He does this work for himself
 
|-
|-
| ਤੇ || te || at, on, upon
 
| ਇਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਕਾਰ ਹੈ || ih mērē pitā dā kāra hai || This is my father's car
 
|}
|}


These are just a few examples of Panjabi prepositions, and there are many more to explore. Now, let's dive deeper into their usage and explore how they can be used in different contexts.
=== Using Prepositions in Sentences ===
 
To create meaningful sentences in Panjabi, it’s crucial to know how to combine nouns and verbs with prepositions. Here are some tips for using prepositions effectively:
 
* '''Placement''': Prepositions typically come before the noun they modify.
 
* '''Context''': Choose the appropriate preposition based on the context of your sentence.
 
For example:
 
* '''"ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਜਾਉਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ।"''' (maiṁ savērē bājār jāuṁdā hāṁ) translates to "I go to the market in the morning." Here, ''''ਸਵੇਰੇ'''' (savērē) indicates the time and ''''ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ'''' (bājār) indicates the direction.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that we’ve covered the basics, it’s time to put your knowledge into practice! Here are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of Panjabi prepositions.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.
 
1. ਮੈਂ _____ ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ। (in)
 
2. ਉਹ _____ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ। (on)
 
3. ਉਹ _____ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਗਿਆ। (with)
 
4. ਮੈਂ _____ 5 ਵਜੇ ਮਿਲਾਂਗਾ। (at)
 
5. ਉਹ _____ ਪਾਸੇ ਦੇਖ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। (towards)
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. ਵਿੱਚ (vic)
 
2. ਤੇ (te)
 
3. ਨਾਲ (naal)
 
4. ਸਵੇਰੇ (savērē)
 
5. ਵੱਲ (val)
 
==== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Panjabi.
 
1. The book is on the table.
 
2. She is playing with her friends.
 
3. We will meet at the park.
 
4. The keys are in the drawer.
 
5. I went out of the house.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ। (kitāb mēz te hai)
 
2. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਖੇਡ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। (uh āpaṇē dōsatāṁ nāl khēḍ rahī hai)
 
3. ਅਸੀਂ ਪਾਰਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿਲਾਂਗੇ। (asīṁ pārk vic milāngē)
 
4. ਚਾਬੀਆਂ ਦਰਾਜ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਨ। (chābī'āṁ darāz vic han)
 
5. ਮੈਂ ਘਰ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਗਿਆ। (maiṁ ghar tōṁ bāhar giā)
 
==== Exercise 3: Sentence Creation ====
 
Create your own sentences using the following prepositions:
 
1. ਵਿੱਚ (in)
 
2. ਨਾਲ (with)
 
3. ਤੇ (on)
 
4. ਬਾਅਦ (after)
 
5. ਲਈ (for)
 
'''Suggested Sentences:'''
 
1. ਉਹ ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। (uh kamarē vic hai) - He is in the room.
 
2. ਮੈਂ ਆਪਣੀ ਮਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (maiṁ āpaṇī māṁ nāl gall kardā hāṁ) - I talk with my mother.
 
3. ਮੇਰੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ। (mērī kitāb mēz te hai) - My book is on the table.
 
4. ਉਹ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਵੇਗਾ। (uh bād vic āvēgā) - He will come after.
 
5. ਇਹ ਤੋਹਫਾ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਹੈ। (ih tōhfā tuhāḍē la'ī hai) - This gift is for you.
 
==== Exercise 4: Matching Exercise ====
 
Match the following English sentences with their Panjabi translations.
 
1. I am at the market. 
 
2. He is with his friends. 
 
3. The cat is under the table. 
 
4. We will meet after lunch. 
 
5. The book belongs to me. 
 
a. ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਰੀ ਹੈ। 
 
b. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਹੈ। 
 
c. ਮੈਂ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ। 
 
d. ਅਸੀਂ ਦੁਪਹਿਰ ਬਾਅਦ ਮਿਲਾਂਗੇ। 
 
e. ਬਿੱਲੀ ਮੇਜ਼ ਦੇ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਹੈ। 
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1 - c 
 
2 - b 
 
3 - e 
 
4 - d 
 
5 - a 
 
==== Exercise 5: Preposition Identification ====
 
Read the sentences below and identify the prepositions used.
 
1. ਉਹ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਸਕੂਲ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। 
 
2. ਮੈਂ ਰਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ। 
 
3. ਉਹ ਪੱਕੇ ਚੌਕ ਦੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਖੜਾ ਹੈ। 
 
4. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੈ। 
 
5. ਗੱਡੀ ਸੜਕ ਦੇ ਉੱਪਰ ਹੈ। 
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. ਸਵੇਰੇ (savērē) 
 
2. ਨੂੰ (nū) 
 
3. ਪਾਸੇ (pāsē) 
 
4. ਨਾਲ (naal) 
 
5. ਉੱਪਰ (uppar) 
 
==== Exercise 6: Sentence Correction ====
 
Correct the sentences by replacing the incorrect preposition with the correct one.


=== Using Prepositions for Location ===
1. ਉਹ ਚੁੱਕੀ ਦਾ ਹੈ। (He is on the roof.) 


Panjabi prepositions are commonly used to indicate location. They help us answer questions like "where?" and describe the position or placement of an object or person. Let's look at some examples:
2. ਮੈਂ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ। (I am at the market.) 


1. ਮੇਜ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਹੈ।
3. ਉਹ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾ ਆਇਆ। (He came before.) 
  Transliteration: Mez vich kitaab hai.
  Translation: The book is on the table.


2. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਗਲੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋ।
4. ਪੱਤਰਕਾਰੀ ਮੇਜ਼ ਦੇ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਹੈ। (The newspaper is under the table.) 
  Transliteration: Tusi gali vich ho.
  Translation: You are in the street.


3. ਮੇਰੇ ਘਰ ਦੇ ਬਾਹਰ ਗੱਲ ਨਾ ਕਰੋ।
5. ਮੇਰਾ ਭਰਾ ਸਕੂਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। (My brother is in school.) 
  Transliteration: Mere ghar de baahar gall na karo.
  Translation: Don't talk outside my house.


In these examples, the prepositions "ਵਿੱਚ" (vich), "ਉੱਤੇ" (utte), and "ਦੇ" (de) are used to indicate the location of the objects or people in question. It's important to pay attention to the correct usage of these prepositions to convey the intended meaning accurately.
'''Answers:'''


=== Using Prepositions for Time ===
1. ਉਹ ਛਤ ਤੇ ਹੈ। 


Panjabi prepositions are also used to express time relationships. They help us answer questions like "when?" and describe the timing or duration of an action or event. Let's explore some examples:
2. Correct 


1. ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਉੱਠਣਾ।
3. ਉਹ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਇਆ। 
  Transliteration: Main savere utthna.
  Translation: I wake up in the morning.


2. ਰਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਮੈਂ ਸੋ ਰਿਹਾ ਸੀ।
4. Correct 
  Transliteration: Raat nu main so ria si.
  Translation: I was sleeping at night.


3. ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਵਾਪਸ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ ਸਾਡੇ ਗਾਹਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਤੰਗੀ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ ਸਮਝਣ ਲਈ।
5. Correct 
  Transliteration: Main tuhade kol vaapas aunda haan saade gaahkaan di tangi da samaan samajhan layi.
  Translation: I come back to you to understand the time pressure of our customers.


In these examples, the prepositions "ਵਿੱਚ" (vich), "ਨੂੰ" (nu), and "ਦੇ" (de) are used to indicate the time frame or duration of the actions or events mentioned. It's important to use the appropriate preposition to convey the correct time relationship in Panjabi sentences.
==== Exercise 7: Preposition Usage in Context ====


=== Using Prepositions for Direction ===
Write a short paragraph using at least five different prepositions.


Prepositions in Panjabi are also used to indicate direction. They help us answer questions like "where to?" and describe the movement or direction of a person or object. Let's look at some examples:
'''Example Response:'''


1. ਮੈਂ ਸਕੂਲ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ।
"ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਿਆ। ਮੈਂ ਮੇਰੀ ਮਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਖਰੀਦੀਆਂ। ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਕਰ ਰਹੀ ਸੀ। ਦੁਪਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ, ਅਸੀਂ ਘਰ ਦੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਬੈਠੇ। ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ, ਮੈਂ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਣ ਲਈ ਚਲਾ ਗਿਆ।"
  Transliteration: Main school ja ria haan.
  Translation: I am going to school.


2. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਿੱਛੇ ਜਾਓ।
==== Exercise 8: Creating Questions ====
  Transliteration: Tusi piche jao.
  Translation: Go behind.


3. ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਚੱਲ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ।
Create questions using the following prompts.  
  Transliteration: Ki tusi mere naal chall sakde ho.
  Translation: Can you walk with me?


In these examples, the prepositions "ਜਾ" (ja), "ਜਾਓ" (jao), and "ਨਾਲ" (naal) are used to indicate the direction or movement of the subject in question. By using the appropriate preposition, we can clearly convey the intended direction in Panjabi sentences.
1. Where is your book? 


=== Other Uses of Prepositions ===
2. When will we meet? 


Apart from location, time, and direction, prepositions in Panjabi are used in various other contexts to express different relationships between words. Here are some additional uses of prepositions:
3. Who is with you? 


1. ਉਸ ਪੁਸਤਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ੇਰ ਹੈ।
4. Which table is the pen on? 
  Transliteration: Us pustak vich sher hai.
  Translation: There is a lion in that book.


2. ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਕੁਝ ਲਿਖ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ।
5. What will you do after class? 
  Transliteration: Main tuhade layi kuch likh ria haan.
  Translation: I am writing something for you.


3. ਮੈਂ ਯਾਤਰਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਟਿਕਟ ਖਰੀਦਦਾ ਹਾਂ।
'''Suggested Questions:'''
  Transliteration: Main yaatra karan layi ticket kharida haan.
  Translation: I buy a ticket for traveling.


In these examples, the prepositions "ਵਿੱਚ" (vich), "ਲਈ" (layi), and "ਕਰਨ ਲਈ" (karan layi) are used to express different relationships such as existence, purpose, and cause. By incorporating prepositions into our sentences, we can provide additional details and context to enhance our communication in Panjabi.
1. ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੈ? (Tuhāḍī kitāb kithē hai?)


== Regional Variations and Cultural Insights ==
2. ਅਸੀਂ ਕਦੋਂ ਮਿਲਾਂਗੇ? (Asīṁ kadōṁ milāngē?) 


It's important to note that the usage of prepositions in Panjabi may vary across different regions and dialects. Regional variations can impact the choice of prepositions used or their pronunciation. For example, in some regions, the preposition "ਵਿੱਚ" (vich) may be pronounced as "ਵਿਚ" (vich) or "ਚੋਂ" (chon) in other regions.
3. ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਕੋਣ ਹੈ? (Tuhāḍē nāl kōṇ hai?)


Historically, Panjabi has been influenced by various languages and cultures, including Persian, Arabic, and English. As a result, some prepositions in Panjabi may have their origins in these languages. For instance, the preposition "ਨਾਲ" (naal) has Persian origins, which is similar to the Persian word "با" (ba) meaning "with." This cultural connection adds depth and richness to the Panjabi language.
4. ਕਿਹੜੇ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਕਲਮ ਹੈ? (Kihṛē mēz te kalam hai?)


Here's an interesting cultural fact: Panjabi culture emphasizes the concept of "ਸੰਗਤ" (sangat), which means "company" or "association." This concept is often used in religious and social contexts to describe the gathering of people for spiritual or community purposes. The preposition "ਨਾਲ" (naal) is commonly used to express this association or companionship. For example, "ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਗਤ ਹੋਣਾ" (Guru naal sangat hona) means "to be in the company of the Guru" and signifies a spiritual connection.
5. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਾਠ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਕੀ ਕਰੋਂਗੇ? (Tusīṁ pāṭh tōṁ bād kī karōngē?)


Understanding these regional variations and cultural insights can help learners of Panjabi appreciate the nuances of the language and deepen their understanding of Panjabi culture.
==== Exercise 9: True or False ====


== Practice Exercises ==
Read the following statements related to prepositions and indicate whether they are true or false.


Now it's time to practice using prepositions in Panjabi! Below are some exercises to help you apply what you've learned. Try to translate the given sentences into Panjabi using the appropriate prepositions. Solutions and explanations are provided afterward for you to check your answers.
1. Prepositions only express location.


Exercise 1: Translate the following sentences into Panjabi:
2. In Panjabi, prepositions usually come after the noun. 


1. The cat is under the table.
3. Prepositions can also indicate time.
2. I will meet you at the park.
3. She is going to the market.
4. We live near the beach.


Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition in Panjabi:
4. The word 'ਨਾਲ' means 'with.' 


1. ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ __ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਪੁਸਤਕਾਂ ਹਨ।
5. 'ਤੱਕ' is used to indicate direction.
  Transliteration: Mere kol __ toh vadh pustakaan han.
  Translation: I have more books than you.


2. ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਦੇਖੀ __ ਸੂਰਜ ਨੂੰ ਉਗਣ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ ਦੇਖਿਆ।
'''Answers:'''
  Transliteration: Main savere dekhi __ sooraj nu ugan da din dekhya.
  Translation: I saw the sunrise in the morning.


3. ਉਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ __ ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਮੇਰੀ ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਦਾ ਕਾਰਨ ਹੈ।
1. False 
  Transliteration: Us de naal __ hon di meri khushi da kaaran hai.
  Translation: My happiness is because of being with him.


== Solutions and Explanations ==
2. False 


Exercise 1: Translations
3. True 


1. ਬਿੱਲੀ ਮੇਜ਼ ਦੇ ਹੇਠ ਹੈ।
4. True 
  Transliteration: Bille mez de heth hai.


2. ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਪਾਰਕ ਤੇ ਮਿਲਾਂਗਾ।
5. False 
  Transliteration: Main tusaanu park te milanga.


3. ਉਹ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।
==== Exercise 10: Fill in the Chart ====
  Transliteration: Uh bazaar ja rahi hai.


4. ਅਸੀਂ ਕਿਨਾਰੇ ਤੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਾਂ।
Fill in the chart with examples of prepositions you learned in this lesson.
  Transliteration: Asi kinaare te rahinde haan.


Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks
| Type of Preposition | Panjabi | English |


1. ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਪੁਸਤਕਾਂ ਹਨ।
|---------------------|---------|---------|
  Transliteration: Mere kol toh vadh pustakaan han.


2. ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਦੇਖੀ ਸੂਰਜ ਨੂੰ ਉਗਣ ਦਾ ਦਿਨ ਦੇਖਿਆ।
| Location            |        |        |
  Transliteration: Main savere dekhi sooraj nu ugan da din dekhya.


3. ਉਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਮੇਰੀ ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਦਾ ਕਾਰਨ ਹੈ।
| Time                |        |        |
  Transliteration: Us de naal hon di meri khushi da kaaran hai.


In these exercises, we practiced using prepositions in different contexts to describe location, time, and association. By actively engaging in these exercises, you can reinforce your understanding of Panjabi prepositions and improve your overall language skills.
| Direction          |        |        |


== Conclusion ==
| Other Relationships  |        |        |


Congratulations! You have successfully learned about prepositions in Panjabi. In this lesson, we explored how prepositions are used to indicate location, time, direction, and other relationships. We also discussed regional variations in the usage of prepositions and their cultural significance in Panjabi.
'''Suggested Answers:'''


Remember to continue practicing and using prepositions in your conversations to reinforce your learning. The more you practice, the more natural it will become to incorporate prepositions into your speech and writing.
| Type of Preposition | Panjabi    | English            |


In the next lesson, we will delve into conjunctions and learn how to connect words, phrases, and clauses in Panjabi. Keep up the great work!
|---------------------|-------------|---------------------|
 
| Location            | ਵਿੱਚ (vic) | in                  |
 
| Time                | ਬਾਅਦ (bād) | after              |
 
| Direction          | ਵੱਲ (val)  | towards            |
 
| Other Relationships  | ਦਾ (dā)    | of                  |
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
In this lesson, we have explored the essential role that prepositions play in the Panjabi language. By understanding their use in terms of location, time, direction, and other relationships, you are now better equipped to form sentences that are clear and coherent. Remember to practice regularly and use these prepositions in your daily conversations.
 
If you have any questions or need further clarification on any points, feel free to reach out. Happy learning!


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|title=Panjabi Grammar Lesson on Prepositions
|description=Learn how to use prepositions in Panjabi to indicate location, time, direction, and other relationships. Discover regional variations and cultural insights related to Panjabi prepositions.
 
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|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use prepositions in Panjabi to indicate location, time, direction, and other relationships.
 
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Latest revision as of 22:08, 1 August 2024

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Panjabi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions

Welcome to the lesson on Panjabi Prepositions! Prepositions are essential components of language that help us express relationships between different elements in a sentence. In Panjabi, like in English, prepositions indicate location, time, direction, and more. Understanding how to use prepositions effectively will enhance your ability to communicate clearly and accurately in Panjabi.

In this lesson, we will explore the different types of prepositions in Panjabi, provide a variety of examples, and engage in practical exercises to help reinforce your learning. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Panjabi prepositions and be able to use them in everyday conversations.

What are Prepositions?[edit | edit source]

Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They help describe relationships in terms of:

  • Location (where something is)
  • Time (when something happens)
  • Direction (where something is going)
  • Other relationships (like possession or means)

In Panjabi, prepositions are often used to form phrases that provide additional context.

Types of Prepositions[edit | edit source]

There are several categories of prepositions in Panjabi. Let’s break them down:

1. Prepositions of Location[edit | edit source]

These prepositions describe where something is situated. Common examples include:

  • 'ਵਿੱਚ' (vic) - in
  • 'ਤੇ' (te) - on
  • 'ਨਾਲ' (naal) - with
  • 'ਆਲੇ' (aale) - beside

Here are some examples:

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਮੈਂ ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ maiṁ kamarē vic hāṁ I am in the room
ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ kitāb mēz te hai The book is on the table
ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਆਇਆ uh mērē nāl āiā He came with me
ਬੱਚਾ ਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਆਲੇ ਖੇਡ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ bacchā māṁ dē ālē khēḍ rihā hai The child is playing beside the mother

2. Prepositions of Time[edit | edit source]

These prepositions indicate when something occurs. Common examples include:

  • 'ਤੱਕ' (takk) - until
  • 'ਸਮੇਂ' (samēṁ) - at
  • 'ਬਾਅਦ' (bād) - after
  • 'ਪਹਿਲਾਂ' (pahilāṁ) - before

Examples include:

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਤੱਕ ਜਾਗਣਾਂ maiṁ savērē takk jāgaṇā I will wake up until morning
ਉਹ ਦਿਨ 10 ਵਜੇ ਮਿਲੇਗੇ uh din 10 vajē milēgē They will meet at 10 o'clock
ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਓ bād vic chāh pīō Drink tea after
ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਆਪਣਾ ਕੰਮ ਖਤਮ ਕਰੋ pahilāṁ āpaṇā kama khatam karō Finish your work before

3. Prepositions of Direction[edit | edit source]

These prepositions describe movement towards a specific point. Common examples include:

  • 'ਵੱਲ' (val) - towards
  • 'ਲਈ' (la'ī) - for
  • 'ਵਿਚੋਂ' (vicōṁ) - out of
  • 'ਦੀ طرف' (dī taraf) - to the side of

Examples include:

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਉਹ ਦਰਵਾਜੇ ਵੱਲ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ uh darvājē val jā rihā hai He is going towards the door
ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਖੁਸ਼ ਹਾਂ maiṁ tuhāḍē la'ī khuś hāṁ I am happy for you
ਉਹ ਸੜਕ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਇਆ uh saṛak vicōṁ paidā ho'ā He came out of the street
ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਘਰ ਦੀ طرف ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ uh mērē ghar dī taraf jā rahī hai She is going to the side of my house

4. Prepositions Indicating Other Relationships[edit | edit source]

These prepositions help express possession, means, and other relationships. Common examples include:

  • 'ਦਾ' (dā) - of
  • 'ਸਾਥ' (sāth) - with (in terms of cooperation)
  • 'ਆਪਣੇ' (āpaṇē) - to oneself

Examples include:

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਰੀ ਹੈ ih kitāb mērī hai This book is mine
ਉਹ ਸਾਥੀ ਨਾਲ ਖੇਡ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ uh sāthī nāl khēḍ rahē han They are playing with friends
ਉਹ ਇਸ ਕੰਮ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਲਈ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ uh is kama nū āpaṇē la'ī kardā hai He does this work for himself
ਇਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਕਾਰ ਹੈ ih mērē pitā dā kāra hai This is my father's car

Using Prepositions in Sentences[edit | edit source]

To create meaningful sentences in Panjabi, it’s crucial to know how to combine nouns and verbs with prepositions. Here are some tips for using prepositions effectively:

  • Placement: Prepositions typically come before the noun they modify.
  • Context: Choose the appropriate preposition based on the context of your sentence.

For example:

  • "ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਜਾਉਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ।" (maiṁ savērē bājār jāuṁdā hāṁ) translates to "I go to the market in the morning." Here, 'ਸਵੇਰੇ' (savērē) indicates the time and 'ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ' (bājār) indicates the direction.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we’ve covered the basics, it’s time to put your knowledge into practice! Here are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of Panjabi prepositions.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.

1. ਮੈਂ _____ ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ। (in)

2. ਉਹ _____ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ। (on)

3. ਉਹ _____ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਗਿਆ। (with)

4. ਮੈਂ _____ 5 ਵਜੇ ਮਿਲਾਂਗਾ। (at)

5. ਉਹ _____ ਪਾਸੇ ਦੇਖ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। (towards)

Answers:

1. ਵਿੱਚ (vic)

2. ਤੇ (te)

3. ਨਾਲ (naal)

4. ਸਵੇਰੇ (savērē)

5. ਵੱਲ (val)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Panjabi.

1. The book is on the table.

2. She is playing with her friends.

3. We will meet at the park.

4. The keys are in the drawer.

5. I went out of the house.

Answers:

1. ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ। (kitāb mēz te hai)

2. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਖੇਡ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। (uh āpaṇē dōsatāṁ nāl khēḍ rahī hai)

3. ਅਸੀਂ ਪਾਰਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿਲਾਂਗੇ। (asīṁ pārk vic milāngē)

4. ਚਾਬੀਆਂ ਦਰਾਜ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਨ। (chābī'āṁ darāz vic han)

5. ਮੈਂ ਘਰ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਗਿਆ। (maiṁ ghar tōṁ bāhar giā)

Exercise 3: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Create your own sentences using the following prepositions:

1. ਵਿੱਚ (in)

2. ਨਾਲ (with)

3. ਤੇ (on)

4. ਬਾਅਦ (after)

5. ਲਈ (for)

Suggested Sentences:

1. ਉਹ ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। (uh kamarē vic hai) - He is in the room.

2. ਮੈਂ ਆਪਣੀ ਮਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (maiṁ āpaṇī māṁ nāl gall kardā hāṁ) - I talk with my mother.

3. ਮੇਰੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ। (mērī kitāb mēz te hai) - My book is on the table.

4. ਉਹ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਵੇਗਾ। (uh bād vic āvēgā) - He will come after.

5. ਇਹ ਤੋਹਫਾ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਹੈ। (ih tōhfā tuhāḍē la'ī hai) - This gift is for you.

Exercise 4: Matching Exercise[edit | edit source]

Match the following English sentences with their Panjabi translations.

1. I am at the market.

2. He is with his friends.

3. The cat is under the table.

4. We will meet after lunch.

5. The book belongs to me.

a. ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਰੀ ਹੈ।

b. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਹੈ।

c. ਮੈਂ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ।

d. ਅਸੀਂ ਦੁਪਹਿਰ ਬਾਅਦ ਮਿਲਾਂਗੇ।

e. ਬਿੱਲੀ ਮੇਜ਼ ਦੇ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਹੈ।

Answers:

1 - c

2 - b

3 - e

4 - d

5 - a

Exercise 5: Preposition Identification[edit | edit source]

Read the sentences below and identify the prepositions used.

1. ਉਹ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਸਕੂਲ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ।

2. ਮੈਂ ਰਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ।

3. ਉਹ ਪੱਕੇ ਚੌਕ ਦੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਖੜਾ ਹੈ।

4. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੈ।

5. ਗੱਡੀ ਸੜਕ ਦੇ ਉੱਪਰ ਹੈ।

Answers:

1. ਸਵੇਰੇ (savērē)

2. ਨੂੰ (nū)

3. ਪਾਸੇ (pāsē)

4. ਨਾਲ (naal)

5. ਉੱਪਰ (uppar)

Exercise 6: Sentence Correction[edit | edit source]

Correct the sentences by replacing the incorrect preposition with the correct one.

1. ਉਹ ਚੁੱਕੀ ਦਾ ਹੈ। (He is on the roof.)

2. ਮੈਂ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ। (I am at the market.)

3. ਉਹ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾ ਆਇਆ। (He came before.)

4. ਪੱਤਰਕਾਰੀ ਮੇਜ਼ ਦੇ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਹੈ। (The newspaper is under the table.)

5. ਮੇਰਾ ਭਰਾ ਸਕੂਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। (My brother is in school.)

Answers:

1. ਉਹ ਛਤ ਤੇ ਹੈ।

2. Correct

3. ਉਹ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਇਆ।

4. Correct

5. Correct

Exercise 7: Preposition Usage in Context[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph using at least five different prepositions.

Example Response:

"ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਿਆ। ਮੈਂ ਮੇਰੀ ਮਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਖਰੀਦੀਆਂ। ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਕਰ ਰਹੀ ਸੀ। ਦੁਪਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ, ਅਸੀਂ ਘਰ ਦੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਬੈਠੇ। ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ, ਮੈਂ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਣ ਲਈ ਚਲਾ ਗਿਆ।"

Exercise 8: Creating Questions[edit | edit source]

Create questions using the following prompts.

1. Where is your book?

2. When will we meet?

3. Who is with you?

4. Which table is the pen on?

5. What will you do after class?

Suggested Questions:

1. ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੈ? (Tuhāḍī kitāb kithē hai?)

2. ਅਸੀਂ ਕਦੋਂ ਮਿਲਾਂਗੇ? (Asīṁ kadōṁ milāngē?)

3. ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਕੋਣ ਹੈ? (Tuhāḍē nāl kōṇ hai?)

4. ਕਿਹੜੇ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਕਲਮ ਹੈ? (Kihṛē mēz te kalam hai?)

5. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਾਠ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਕੀ ਕਰੋਂਗੇ? (Tusīṁ pāṭh tōṁ bād kī karōngē?)

Exercise 9: True or False[edit | edit source]

Read the following statements related to prepositions and indicate whether they are true or false.

1. Prepositions only express location.

2. In Panjabi, prepositions usually come after the noun.

3. Prepositions can also indicate time.

4. The word 'ਨਾਲ' means 'with.'

5. 'ਤੱਕ' is used to indicate direction.

Answers:

1. False

2. False

3. True

4. True

5. False

Exercise 10: Fill in the Chart[edit | edit source]

Fill in the chart with examples of prepositions you learned in this lesson.

| Type of Preposition | Panjabi | English |

|---------------------|---------|---------|

| Location | | |

| Time | | |

| Direction | | |

| Other Relationships | | |

Suggested Answers:

| Type of Preposition | Panjabi | English |

|---------------------|-------------|---------------------|

| Location | ਵਿੱਚ (vic) | in |

| Time | ਬਾਅਦ (bād) | after |

| Direction | ਵੱਲ (val) | towards |

| Other Relationships | ਦਾ (dā) | of |

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have explored the essential role that prepositions play in the Panjabi language. By understanding their use in terms of location, time, direction, and other relationships, you are now better equipped to form sentences that are clear and coherent. Remember to practice regularly and use these prepositions in your daily conversations.

If you have any questions or need further clarification on any points, feel free to reach out. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Panjabi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Panjabi Script


Basic Words and Phrases


Basic Sentence Structure


Everyday Vocabulary


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negation


Panjabi Customs and Traditions


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Panjabi Literature and Media


Health and Emergencies


Expressing Opinions and Emotions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Outdoor Activities — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Conjunctions ▶️

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