Difference between revisions of "Language/Italian/Grammar/Present-Subjunctive"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
<span pgnav>
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  
Line 8: Line 9:


{{Italian-Page-Top}}
{{Italian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Italian|Italian]]  → [[Language/Italian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Italian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Subjunctive</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Italian Grammar - Subjunctive and Imperative Moods > Present Subjunctive</div>
In the previous lesson, we learned about the Imperative Form in Italian. Now, we will continue our journey through Italian grammar and dive into the Present Subjunctive mood. The Present Subjunctive is a verb form used to express doubt, uncertainty, necessity, possibility, and emotion. It is an essential aspect of the Italian language and will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively.


__TOC__
__TOC__


The present subjunctive is a mood, that is, a grammatical feature of the Italian language that allows the speaker to express a range of attitudes towards what is being said. The present subjunctive is used in subordinate clauses to express necessity, possibility, doubt or uncertainty, and emotion. It is therefore an important tool for speakers of Italian who wish to express themselves with precision and nuance. In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present subjunctive in Italian.
== Formation of the Present Subjunctive ==


To form the Present Subjunctive in Italian, we need to follow a specific set of rules. The conjugation of verbs in the Present Subjunctive is based on the present tense of the verb, but with different endings. Let's take a look at the conjugation patterns for regular verbs:


<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Italian|Definite Articles in Italian]] & [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Accents|Accents]].</span>
=== Regular -are Verbs ===
== Formation ==
To form the present subjunctive, you add the appropriate endings to the stem of the verb. The stem is obtained by removing the -are, -ere or -ire ending from the infinitive form of the verb. Here are the endings for each conjugation:


*Verbs ending in -are:
For regular -are verbs, we replace the -are ending with the following endings:


{| class="wikitable"
* -i
! Pronoun !! Ending
* -i
|-
* -i
| io || -i
* -iamo
|-
* -iate
| tu || -i
* -ino
|-
| egli/ella || -i
|-
| noi || -iamo
|-
| voi || -iate
|-
| essi/esse || -ino
|}


*Verbs ending in -ere and -ire:
Here's an example with the verb "parlare" (to speak):


{| class="wikitable"
* Io parli (I speak)
! Pronoun !! Ending
* Tu parli (You speak)
|-
* Lui/lei parli (He/she speaks)
| io || -a
* Noi parliamo (We speak)
|-
* Voi parliate (You all speak)
| tu || -a
* Loro parlino (They speak)
|-
| egli/ella || -a
|-
| noi || -iamo
|-
| voi || -iate
|-
| essi/esse || -ano
|}


Here are some examples:
=== Regular -ere Verbs ===


*For the verb "parlare" (to speak):
For regular -ere verbs, we replace the -ere ending with the following endings:


{| class="wikitable"
* -a
! Italian !! Pronunciation !! English
* -a
|-
* -a
| che io parli || ké io pàrli || that I speak
* -iamo
|-
* -iate
| che tu parli || ké tu pàrli || that you speak
* -ano
|-
| che egli/ella parli || ké èlli/élla pàrli || that he/she speaks
|-
| che noi parliamo || ké nòi parlìamo || that we speak
|-
| che voi parliate || ké voi parlìate || that you (plural) speak
|-
| che essi/esse parlino || ké èssi/èsse parlìno || that they speak
|}


*For the verb "aprire" (to open):
Here's an example with the verb "vedere" (to see):


{| class="wikitable"
* Io veda (I see)
! Italian !! Pronunciation !! English
* Tu veda (You see)
|-
* Lui/lei veda (He/she sees)
| che io apra || ké io àpra || that I open
* Noi vediamo (We see)
|-
* Voi vediate (You all see)
| che tu apra || ké tu àpra || that you open
* Loro vedano (They see)
|-
| che egli/ella apra || ké èlli/élla àpra || that he/she opens
|-
| che noi apriamo || ké nòi aprìamo || that we open
|-
| che voi aprite || ké voi aprìte || that you (plural) open
|-
| che essi/esse aprano || ké èssi/èsse àprano || that they open
|}


== Uses ==
=== Regular -ire Verbs ===
The present subjunctive is used after certain conjunctions, such as "che" (that), "senza che" (without), "a meno che" (unless), "prima che" (before), "dopo che" (after), "purche" (provided that), "benché" (although), "sebbene" (although), "affinché" (so that), and "perché" (that, so that).


Here are some examples:
For regular -ire verbs, we replace the -ire ending with the following endings:


*Che io parli italiano.
* -a
(That I speak Italian.)
* -a
* -a
* -iamo
* -iate
* -ano


*Prima che tu parta.
Here's an example with the verb "partire" (to leave):
(Before you leave.)


*Dopo che egli mangi.
* Io parta (I leave)
(After he eats.)
* Tu parta (You leave)
* Lui/lei parta (He/she leaves)
* Noi partiamo (We leave)
* Voi partiate (You all leave)
* Loro partano (They leave)


In addition, the present subjunctive is used in various idiomatic expressions, such as "bisogna che" (it's necessary that), "è meglio che" (it's better that), "è importante che" (it's important that), "credo che" (I believe that), and "penso che" (I think that).
It's important to note that there are also some irregular verbs in the Present Subjunctive, which do not follow the regular conjugation patterns. We will cover these irregular verbs in future lessons.


Here are some examples:
== Usage of the Present Subjunctive ==


*Bisogna che noi studiamo.
Now that we know how to form the Present Subjunctive, let's explore its various uses in Italian. The Present Subjunctive is commonly used in the following situations:
(It's necessary that we study.)


*È meglio che voi partiate.
1. Expressing doubt or uncertainty:
(It's better that you (plural) leave.)
  * Non credo che lui venga domani. (I don't think he will come tomorrow.)
  * Spero che tu abbia ragione. (I hope you are right.)


*È importante che loro capiscano.
2. Expressing necessity or obligation:
(It's important that they understand.)
  * È importante che studiamo per l'esame. (It is important that we study for the exam.)
  * È necessario che tu venga con me. (It is necessary that you come with me.)


== Irregular forms ==
3. Expressing possibility or probability:
There are a few verbs that are irregular in the present subjunctive. Some of the most common ones are:
  * Può darsi che venga più tardi. (He may come later.)
  * È possibile che piova domani. (It is possible that it will rain tomorrow.)


*Essere (to be):
4. Expressing emotion or desire:
  * Mi dispiace che tu sia triste. (I'm sorry that you are sad.)
  * Voglio che tu stia bene. (I want you to be well.)


{| class="wikitable"
These are just a few examples of how the Present Subjunctive can be used in Italian. It adds depth and nuance to your communication, allowing you to express your thoughts and feelings more precisely.
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || sia
|-
| tu || sia
|-
| egli/ella || sia
|-
| noi || siamo
|-
| voi || siate
|-
| essi/esse || siano
|}


*Avere (to have):
== Common Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive ==


{| class="wikitable"
In addition to regular verbs, there are several irregular verbs in the Present Subjunctive. These verbs have unique conjugation patterns that do not follow the regular rules. Here are some common irregular verbs in the Present Subjunctive:
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || abbia
|-
| tu || abbia
|-
| egli/ella || abbia
|-
| noi || abbiamo
|-
| voi || abbiate
|-
| essi/esse || abbiano
|}


*Dovere (to have to):
* Essere (to be):
  * Io sia
  * Tu sia
  * Lui/lei sia
  * Noi siamo
  * Voi siate
  * Loro siano


{| class="wikitable"
* Avere (to have):
! Pronoun !! Ending
  * Io abbia
|-
  * Tu abbia
| io || debba
  * Lui/lei abbia
|-
  * Noi abbiamo
| tu || debba
  * Voi abbiate
|-
  * Loro abbiano
| egli/ella || debba
|-
| noi || dobbiamo
|-
| voi || dobbiate
|-
| essi/esse || debbano
|}


*Potere (to be able to):
* Fare (to do/make):
  * Io faccia
  * Tu faccia
  * Lui/lei faccia
  * Noi facciamo
  * Voi facciate
  * Loro facciano


{| class="wikitable"
* Venire (to come):
! Pronoun !! Ending
  * Io venga
|-
  * Tu venga
| io || possa
  * Lui/lei venga
|-
  * Noi veniamo
| tu || possa
  * Voi veniate
|-
  * Loro vengano
| egli/ella || possa
|-
| noi || possiamo
|-
| voi || possiate
|-
| essi/esse || possano
|}


*Venire (to come):
* Andare (to go):
  * Io vada
  * Tu vada
  * Lui/lei vada
  * Noi andiamo
  * Voi andiate
  * Loro vadano


{| class="wikitable"
These are just a few examples of irregular verbs in the Present Subjunctive. It's important to practice and familiarize yourself with them, as they are commonly used in everyday conversations.
! Pronoun !! Ending
|-
| io || venga
|-
| tu || venga
|-
| egli/ella || venga
|-
| noi || veniamo
|-
| voi || veniate
|-
| essi/esse || vengano
|}


== Exercises ==
== Exercises ==
*Translate the following sentences into Italian, using the present subjunctive:


# I hope that she comes.
To reinforce your understanding of the Present Subjunctive, let's practice with some exercises. Translate the following sentences into Italian using the Present Subjunctive:
# It's necessary that they study.
# Unless you eat, you will be hungry.
# We doubt that he knows how to swim.
# It's important that you (formal) understand.


<span class='maj'></span>
1. I hope he understands the importance of this meeting.
==Sources==
2. It is necessary that she arrives on time.
* [https://www.thoughtco.com/italian-present-subjunctive-tense-2011711 Understanding the Italian Present Subjunctive Tense]
3. They may not believe what we say.
* [https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/us/italian-easy-learning/how-do-you-form-the-present-subjunctive-in-italian How do you form the present subjunctive in Italian? - Grammar]
4. I want you to come with me to the party.
* [https://www.fluentu.com/blog/italian/italian-subjunctive/ The Infamous Italian Subjunctive: A User's Manual | FluentU Italian]
5. It's possible that they have already left.
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have successfully learned about the Present Subjunctive in Italian. This verb form is essential for expressing doubt, uncertainty, necessity, possibility, and emotion. Practice using the Present Subjunctive in various contexts to become more comfortable with its usage.
 
In the next lesson, we will explore the Imperative mood in Italian. This mood is used to give commands or make requests. Get ready to learn how to effectively communicate your desires and intentions in Italian!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Italian Grammar - Subjunctive and Imperative Moods > Present Subjunctive
|title=Italian Grammar → Present Subjunctive
|keywords=Italian, Grammar, Subjunctive, Imperative, Moods, Present Subjunctive, Italian course
|keywords=Italian grammar, present subjunctive, Italian verb conjugation, Italian language, Italian course
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present subjunctive in Italian.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the Present Subjunctive mood in Italian. The Present Subjunctive is used to express doubt, uncertainty, necessity, possibility, and emotion. Follow our comprehensive guide to enhance your Italian language skills.
}}
}}


Line 241: Line 177:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Italian-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Italian-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Videos==
===Present Subjunctive Tense in Italian: Congiuntivo Presente - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCJFh2h7ikI</youtube>
===Learn Italian Ep.31 - Present Subjunctive - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nv1vxcMdeQ8</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://www.thoughtco.com/italian-present-subjunctive-tense-2011711 Understanding the Italian Present Subjunctive Tense]
* [https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/us/italian-easy-learning/how-do-you-form-the-present-subjunctive-in-italian How do you form the present subjunctive in Italian? - Grammar]
* [https://www.fluentu.com/blog/italian/italian-subjunctive/ The Infamous Italian Subjunctive: A User's Manual | FluentU Italian]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
Line 254: Line 208:
* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Italian|Past Participle in Italian]]
* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Italian|Past Participle in Italian]]


==Videos==
===Present Subjunctive Tense in Italian: Congiuntivo Presente - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCJFh2h7ikI</youtube>


===Learn Italian Ep.31 - Present Subjunctive - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nv1vxcMdeQ8</youtube>


{{Italian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Italian-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>
 
<span pgnav>
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  

Latest revision as of 18:46, 14 June 2023

◀️ Italian Contemporary Art — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Imperative Form ▶️

Italian-polyglot-club.jpg
Italian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Subjunctive

In the previous lesson, we learned about the Imperative Form in Italian. Now, we will continue our journey through Italian grammar and dive into the Present Subjunctive mood. The Present Subjunctive is a verb form used to express doubt, uncertainty, necessity, possibility, and emotion. It is an essential aspect of the Italian language and will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively.

Formation of the Present Subjunctive[edit | edit source]

To form the Present Subjunctive in Italian, we need to follow a specific set of rules. The conjugation of verbs in the Present Subjunctive is based on the present tense of the verb, but with different endings. Let's take a look at the conjugation patterns for regular verbs:

Regular -are Verbs[edit | edit source]

For regular -are verbs, we replace the -are ending with the following endings:

  • -i
  • -i
  • -i
  • -iamo
  • -iate
  • -ino

Here's an example with the verb "parlare" (to speak):

  • Io parli (I speak)
  • Tu parli (You speak)
  • Lui/lei parli (He/she speaks)
  • Noi parliamo (We speak)
  • Voi parliate (You all speak)
  • Loro parlino (They speak)

Regular -ere Verbs[edit | edit source]

For regular -ere verbs, we replace the -ere ending with the following endings:

  • -a
  • -a
  • -a
  • -iamo
  • -iate
  • -ano

Here's an example with the verb "vedere" (to see):

  • Io veda (I see)
  • Tu veda (You see)
  • Lui/lei veda (He/she sees)
  • Noi vediamo (We see)
  • Voi vediate (You all see)
  • Loro vedano (They see)

Regular -ire Verbs[edit | edit source]

For regular -ire verbs, we replace the -ire ending with the following endings:

  • -a
  • -a
  • -a
  • -iamo
  • -iate
  • -ano

Here's an example with the verb "partire" (to leave):

  • Io parta (I leave)
  • Tu parta (You leave)
  • Lui/lei parta (He/she leaves)
  • Noi partiamo (We leave)
  • Voi partiate (You all leave)
  • Loro partano (They leave)

It's important to note that there are also some irregular verbs in the Present Subjunctive, which do not follow the regular conjugation patterns. We will cover these irregular verbs in future lessons.

Usage of the Present Subjunctive[edit | edit source]

Now that we know how to form the Present Subjunctive, let's explore its various uses in Italian. The Present Subjunctive is commonly used in the following situations:

1. Expressing doubt or uncertainty: 

  * Non credo che lui venga domani. (I don't think he will come tomorrow.)
  * Spero che tu abbia ragione. (I hope you are right.)

2. Expressing necessity or obligation: 

  * È importante che studiamo per l'esame. (It is important that we study for the exam.)
  * È necessario che tu venga con me. (It is necessary that you come with me.)

3. Expressing possibility or probability: 

  * Può darsi che venga più tardi. (He may come later.)
  * È possibile che piova domani. (It is possible that it will rain tomorrow.)

4. Expressing emotion or desire: 

  * Mi dispiace che tu sia triste. (I'm sorry that you are sad.)
  * Voglio che tu stia bene. (I want you to be well.)

These are just a few examples of how the Present Subjunctive can be used in Italian. It adds depth and nuance to your communication, allowing you to express your thoughts and feelings more precisely.

Common Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive[edit | edit source]

In addition to regular verbs, there are several irregular verbs in the Present Subjunctive. These verbs have unique conjugation patterns that do not follow the regular rules. Here are some common irregular verbs in the Present Subjunctive:

  • Essere (to be):
 * Io sia
 * Tu sia
 * Lui/lei sia
 * Noi siamo
 * Voi siate
 * Loro siano
  • Avere (to have):
 * Io abbia
 * Tu abbia
 * Lui/lei abbia
 * Noi abbiamo
 * Voi abbiate
 * Loro abbiano
  • Fare (to do/make):
 * Io faccia
 * Tu faccia
 * Lui/lei faccia
 * Noi facciamo
 * Voi facciate
 * Loro facciano
  • Venire (to come):
 * Io venga
 * Tu venga
 * Lui/lei venga
 * Noi veniamo
 * Voi veniate
 * Loro vengano
  • Andare (to go):
 * Io vada
 * Tu vada
 * Lui/lei vada
 * Noi andiamo
 * Voi andiate
 * Loro vadano

These are just a few examples of irregular verbs in the Present Subjunctive. It's important to practice and familiarize yourself with them, as they are commonly used in everyday conversations.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

To reinforce your understanding of the Present Subjunctive, let's practice with some exercises. Translate the following sentences into Italian using the Present Subjunctive:

1. I hope he understands the importance of this meeting. 2. It is necessary that she arrives on time. 3. They may not believe what we say. 4. I want you to come with me to the party. 5. It's possible that they have already left.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned about the Present Subjunctive in Italian. This verb form is essential for expressing doubt, uncertainty, necessity, possibility, and emotion. Practice using the Present Subjunctive in various contexts to become more comfortable with its usage.

In the next lesson, we will explore the Imperative mood in Italian. This mood is used to give commands or make requests. Get ready to learn how to effectively communicate your desires and intentions in Italian!

Table of Contents - Italian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Introduction to Italian Language


Daily Life Expressions


Italian Culture and Tradition


Past and Future Tenses


Social and Work Life


Italian Literature and Cinema


Subjunctive and Imperative Moods


Science and Technology


Italian Politics and Society


Compound Tenses


Arts and Design


Italian Language and Dialects

Videos[edit | edit source]

Present Subjunctive Tense in Italian: Congiuntivo Presente - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Learn Italian Ep.31 - Present Subjunctive - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Italian Contemporary Art — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Imperative Form ▶️

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Italian/Grammar/Present-Subjunctive&oldid=280636"